 Good afternoon everybody. Welcome to the one-to-one session with Professor Murray Gellman, a famous physicist, a Nobel laureate. I did very important research and particle physics long time ago. And then he had the idea to found a new kind of institute, the Santa Fe Institute. Can you please explain how that idea came up and what you are doing there? I just gave a talk on that this morning in another session and I'll try to summarize it briefly for you. The idea was to set up an institute in the Santa Fe, New Mexico area where many of us were consultants to the Los Alamos Laboratory. This new place would be not a government laboratory and nothing to do with weapons, it would be a scientific institute. Devoted to theoretical study, we would leave the experiments observations to others. Theoretical study of problems that are transdisciplinary, that require cooperation among people trained in many different fields. This is not to replace disciplinary work, which we believe in very strongly, but to supplement it. The way we operate is that groups form spontaneously, little tiny research groups form spontaneously, to discuss theoretically some important issue that requires inputs from many different fields. This transdisciplinary team then tackles the issue. They don't all have to be trained in the science behind it. They have to bring to the table their own experience, whatever it was they were trained in or whatever it is they have been working in. Their own experience, their own insights, and so on. At least one person should really know something about the subject. But the others don't necessarily have to at the beginning. Eventually we hope they will know a great deal about the subject. But the idea there is that a great deal of important work that needs to be done is of this character, this transdisciplinary character. Transdisciplinary does mean that you also deal with economic topics. Absolutely. We have people working on economic questions. Can you give an example of that research? Well, this morning we had here a session on that that was headed by an economist who worked at the Santa Fe Institute for a number of years. And now is what we call an external professor. We have a large number of distinguished people who visit regularly and they're called external professors. They have a different permanent address, but they come by and supply their ideas and perhaps get some ideas. The session this morning was headed by Brian Arthur, who has exactly that kind of position. And he, although originally trained as an engineer, became an economist, is an economist. One who is always very restless in contemplating the ideas of perfect markets and perfect information and so on and so on. So when you follow this kind of research now, what is on the top of your mind just now? Well, let me explain. We mentioned one idea which is that research can and should in many cases be transdisciplinary. But another thing which is related, another idea which is related is that the subject matter needs to be treated in a somewhat similar way to the discipline. It's not just a matter of disciplines. It's a matter also of subject matter. Once a brilliant young economist from the World Bank talked to me about his project of putting together a whole shelf of books on the world problematique.