 Good evening. An important announcement. Shankar IAS Academy is starting third pre-storming batch from Jan 8th. Pre-storming is prelims test series program. In this year prelims exam that is 2020 prelims exam around 51 questions reflected from our pre-storming program and YouTube Hindu news analysis program. The additional details of the program are given here for your reference. With this let us move on to today's Hindu news analysis. The list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. Here is the first news article. Let us take up this op-ed column which talks about the challenges prevalent in conducting speedy trials for sexual offenses against women. In this regard the author talks about two bills which are introduced in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra legislatures to deal sternly and expeditiously with the cases involving sexual assault on women. So let us talk about these two bills and also the important points mentioned by the author. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. First author briefly outlines the two bills. The first one is Andhra Pradesh Criminal Law Amendment Bill of 2019 which is also known as Disha Bill. So if you are following news in the last year a brutal and heinous rape occurred in the outskirts of Hyderabad city. Now victim name is Disha a medical practitioner. After the Nirbaya case this case got a very high public support and shook the entire country. In this regard AP assembly has passed Disha Bill 2019. So this bill seeks to amend the provisions of CRPC and IPC. So by amending these two the bill aims to strengthen the provisions relating to crimes against women and children. Coming to features of the bill the bill makes a way to ease the process of delivering justice. It envisages the completion of investigation within 7 days of report and trial within 14 days. So total is 7 plus 14 21 days. The bill also mandates establishment of women and children offenders registry in an electronic format which will be made public. Remember guys AP will be the first state in India with a public registry of women and child offenders. Even though central government is having a registry for this purpose it is not public. The bill also mandates exclusive punishment of death penalty in cases relating to rape and murder of a woman where there is adequate evidence. And as said before judgment will have to be pronounced in 21 working days from the date of offence. Further the bill also mandates stringent punishment for sexual offences against children which will be life imprisonment. The bill also mandates punishment for harassment of women through social media. For the first time the punishment will be of low nature. For the repeated offenders the punishment will be increased. Know that no such provision exists in the Indian penal code for sexual harassment on social media. Moreover the bill also mandates creation of exclusive special course, special police teams and appointment of special public prosecutors in special courts. Already the CM of AP has recently inaugurated a new police station called Disha police station which will be completely women led police station. But the bill has been withdrawn temporarily by AP government because central government has raised some issues with the bill before it could get the presidential assent. And in the recent months the modified bill has been passed by AP state assembly and may soon receive the assent of president. And the second bill has been introduced in the state of Maharashtra. The bill aims to deal sternly with the cases of sexual assault on women. It is named as Shakti Act 2020 and it is modeled on the lines of AP's Disha Act. The proposed Shakti law involves two bills. First one Maharashtra Shakti Criminal Law Act 2020 and special court and machinery for the implementation of Maharashtra Shakti Criminal Law 2020. The bill seeks to amend IPC, CRPC and even the POXO Act that is prevention of children from sexual offenses act to include new offenses, increased punishments and speedier investigation and trials. So the changes are proposed in existing sections of rape, harassment, acid attack, child sexual abuse, etc. Similar to AP, this bill also proposes death penalty in cases of rape, aggravated sexual assault on minors and in cases of acid attack when previous injuries caused. So in these circumstances, the offender or the accused may even get death penalty if proved guilty. The bill also proposes an additional law to deal with abuse of women on social media. So on a broad perspective, these two bills aim to strengthen the law mechanism to protect the women or to deter the men from assaulting women. So in this context, Arthur notes that the time of investigation depends on various factors like severity of crime, number of accused persons and agencies involved. It also includes lot of procedures like examination of scene of crime by the officers, forensic experts, recording the statement of victims, witnesses, medical examination, collecting other documents like DNA findings and many more such formalities need to be done and mainly the accused should be arrested. So the speed and quality of investigation also depends on whether a police station has separate units of investigation and law and order. It also depends on availability of police workforce to speed up the investigation process. So here, Arthur is of the opinion that investigation of sensitive offenses should be done expeditiously, but setting narrow timelines like 21 days for investigation creates scope for loop holes in the procedures which may be exploited during trial. In some cases, even innocent people will be held guilty. So the police should be given additional resources so that they can work more efficiently, more effectively in bringing offenders into the justice. So there should be a balance between speed of justice as well as speed of investigation. So many of us know this quote called justice delayed is justice denied. But we should also note that justice hurried is justice buried. So this is all about the discussion of this opiate column wherein we had a brief discussion on the women protection bills introduced by AP and Maharashtra and what are the issues with speedy investigation processes. With this, let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up these news articles. One is an editorial. These two news articles talk about the political situation in the neighboring country of Nepal. See what happened was the president of Nepal has dissolved the lower house of Nepal parliament on the recommendations of Prime Minister Oli. The president of Nepal has also called for a two-face election to be held in coming year. So in our today's news analysis, we will see the special facts about India-Nepal relations and we'll also focus on the deep in India-Nepal relations since the adoption of new Nepalese constitution in 2015. Before going further, the relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See in physical terms, India shares land boundary of around 1700 kilometers with Nepal. If you see in the order of decreasing order, first comes Bangladesh, next China, third Pakistan and fourth Nepal in terms of length of borders with India. As close neighbors, India and Nepal share unique ties of friendship and cooperation. This is characterized by an open border, deep-rooted people-to-people contacts of kinship and culture. There has been a long tradition of free movement of people across the border. If you see, there are a lot of Nepalist Gurkhas working in India. There is also a regiment called Gurkha Regiment in Indian Army. Further, Nepal citizens are even eligible for Indian government jobs. So, it shows that the relations between India and Nepal are so intimate and so close. So, Nepal shares border with five Indian states Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, UP and Uttarakhand. So, immediately after India's independence in 1947, a treaty of peace and friendship was signed between India and Nepal in the 1950. So, this treaty forms the bedrock of special relations between India and Nepal. As per the provisions of this treaty, Nepal citizens can avail facilities and opportunities in India on par with Indian citizens. Nearly 80 lakh Nepalese people live and work in India. And talking about political exchanges, there are very frequent exchanges of high-level visits and interactions between India and Nepal. And in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, after taking the charge, visited Nepal twice in the year. Even President of India went to Nepal in 2016. So, it shows that the high-level visits, say Prime Minister, President, are very frequent between India and Nepal. And talking about institutional dialogue mechanisms, India and Nepal have several bilateral bodies like India-Napal Joint Commission. And this commission is co-chaired by external affairs minister of India and foreign minister of Nepal. In terms of defence cooperation, India and Nepal are so close. Since 1950, India and Nepal have been awarding each other's army chief with the honorary rank of general in the recognition of mutual harmonious relationship between two armies. The Gorka Regiments of Indian Army are raised partly by recruitment from Hill Districts of Nepal. Currently, around 32,000 Gorka soldiers from Nepal are serving in Indian Army. Between the two countries, there is a joint military exercise called Suryakiran. However, particularly since 2015, there are many bilateral issues between the neighboring countries, India and Nepal. This is because in September 2015, Nepal adopted a new constitution. India was unhappy with the newly approved constitution, mainly because it did not provide adequate safeguards for Madesis. See, Madesis are people in Nepal who are living close to India's borders. And many of those people have very close family ties with Indians. Even though India raised objections with Nepal, Nepal went ahead with adoption of new constitution in 2015. So this became a very contentious issue between India and Nepal. India even put an unofficial blockade on Nepal for not listening to India's requests. And using this as an opportunity, China became much closer to Nepal by offering all the required things when India put an unofficial blockade. So the main point here is the unrest in Madesis in the borders of Nepal is a very potential aspect to destabilize the Indian side of border. And not just from security issue, Madesis farm around 30% of total population of Nepal. So they feel that they are being ignored and neglected by the majority in Nepal. So coming to the issue, India was not happy with Nepal's government as it did not address the concerns of Madesis. And in the same year that is 2015, Nepal was struck by a devastating earthquake which killed around 9,000 people. It was the deadliest earthquake in the seismically active region in the last 81 years. As said before, because of unofficial blockade by India, Nepal faced problems in procuring fuel, medicines and essential supplies. Nepal even accused India that it is causing another humanitarian crisis in Nepal. And as said before, China has effectively taken advantage of the misunderstandings between the two countries. And to make it even worse, Nepal played cartogenic aggression in the last year by publishing a map with Indian territories as its territories. Through the map, Nepal asserted that the three disputed territories of Limpyadura, Lipu Lake and Kalapani are parts of its territory. The issue of cartographic aggression by Nepal government affected the relations between the two countries. So the bottom line is, in the last five years, India and Nepal relations are not so great. And coming to present political turmoil, that is, as we said before, on the recommendations of Prime Minister, Nepal's president has dissolved the lower house of Nepal's parliament. So in this political turmoil, China has interfered in the crisis by sending a senior delegation of Communist Party of China to meet dividend factions in the ruling coalition. Actually, the current government in Nepal is a coalition government. So there are issues between the coalition partners. So China is trying to meddle into Nepal's political affairs and trying to bury out the disturbances between the coalition partners. But coming to India, so far India is playing a wait and watch attitude. As of now, India has not involved in the current political turmoil of Nepal. So let us wait and watch what role India will play in bringing stability in Nepal. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. We had very elaborate view on India-Napal relations, which will definitely help in your main answer writing, particularly in GST. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this data point. See, in this month, Reserve Bank of India released the results of November 2020 around of its consumer confidence survey. So because of COVID-19 pandemic, the survey was conducted through field interviews wherever possible and through telephonic interviews elsewhere. So the perceptions and expectations on eight parameters have been obtained from more than 5000 households across these cities. The eight parameters are given here. Economic situation, employment, price level, income spending, etc. So simply put, as the name suggests, the consumer confidence survey is about the market sentiment or the confidence of consumers in the economy. Let us see some of the important findings. See, this survey uses an index called Current Situation Index. As per this index, it is found that consumer confidence remained very low in November 2020 compared to last year. The weak confidence can be attributable to consumer sentiments on general economic situation, employment scenario, increased price levels, and fall in household incomes. There is also another index called Future Expectations Index, which is used by RBI for analyzing the responses in this survey. According to this index, households across the cities are optimistic about one year ahead situation. It means the people are seeing that the situation will improve by November 2021. As you can see in this graph, Future Expectations Index is over 100 while Current Index is somewhere around 50s. And the data point talks about the negative perception of salaried workers. It says that negative perception increased the most among salaried workers. Around 58% of workers have felt that their household income has worsened in July 2020 compared to last year. As said before, the increase in negative perception is highest among employed salary workers. This is because during lockdown, we have seen that there has been wage cut, salary losses, or loss of jobs mainly faced by salaried employees. And the survey shows that the conditions of salaried workers have not improved even until November 2020. As shown in this graph, small traders and laborers have seen major recovery from around minus 90 to minus 6.8. Even entrepreneurs have seen some amount of recovery. But if you see salaried employees, the job losses have increased from April 2020 to July 2020. And this graph shows about employment platoons. After a steep fall in the number of people employed post lockdown, the job market initially revived at a brisk pace. Here in the March 2020, the number of employed people has been very low. But by July and October, it has revived and declined marginally in November 2020. So if we take a broad perspective, people across the country are having low confidence in the current situation. And the most dissatisfaction is seen among salaried workers because the recovery in the salaried workers has been negative with the increase in job losses in the recent months. Even the employment platoon reflects the same figure with the decrease in number of employed people in November 2020. So this data point have a very brief idea and try to use those figures in your main answer writing. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this lead column from today's editorial page. In this column, the author discusses the current ongoing debate that is farm legislations and focuses on two important questions which needs more attention. First one, why have successive governments used the government's extreper that is government's treasury to provide farm subsidies? Second, how large is India spending on farm subsidies compared to other countries having substantial interest in agriculture? So we will be focusing more on these two questions and we will try to address how Indian agriculture can be made profitable. Yes, there have been a lot of news articles, lot of editorials in the recent days regarding farm legislations. But today's article tries to divert our attention to even more important aspect or we can say it as broader aspect of Indian agriculture. Before going further, the relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. So let us move on to first part that is the farm subsidies part. Here comes the problem of adverse terms of trade. Let us try to understand what it means. See, even today Indian agriculture sector supports a major part of rural workforce in the country. If you see in the year 1950-51, the agriculture sector contributed around 45% to GDP with 70% of workforce. And in the present day, the share of agriculture in the country's GDP is just 16% but even today 50% of workforce is still dependent on agriculture. If you see the shrink in agri sector is even more evident in terms of trade. Since 2000s, the farming communities are consistently facing a downfall in export prices than import prices. So in the current day, the imports are looking much attractive compared to our exports. According to author, this erosion in the farm income due to unattractive exports is triggered by growing failure of not achieving maximum productivity. And this lack of productivity is caused by a one more factor that is investment. So when we look back, the share of this sector in total investment undertaken in the country consistently fell from 18% in 1950s to 11% in 1980s. And the current figure is around 7.6%. It means the investment which is going to agriculture is just 7.6%. Next comes the problems with yield in Indian agriculture. If we compare the yield of major crops, that is rice and wheat, India is ranked at 59 for rice and 45 for wheat in the year 2019 in terms of productivity. Productivity means number of turns of production per each acre. So it means that the productivity in India is very low compared to other countries. And if you remove the states of Punjab and Haryana from this list, the productivity will be even more or less and our ranks will be very worse with respect to other countries. So this reflects the difficulty of survival of Indian farmers due to low investments and low yields. The next important issue which is resisting Indian agriculture is markets. In case of present market system, it is dominated by agriculture market committees that is APMCs. Government has recently brought in new act which is popularly called as APMC bypass act, which means farmers are no longer required to sell only in APMCs. So they can even sell outside the APMCs. So author opines that the government has introduced even larger middlemen by bypassing the APMCs. So these are the three major issues. In fact two major issues investment, low productivity and third issue is the new APMC bypass act discussed by the author. So let us see what are the possible areas which needs redressal. The first one comprehensive policy addressing the challenges in the agree sector. And according to author the demand for search policy has never been made by Indian forming communities. And this lack of a proper structural or coherent policy proves to be a remarkable failure on government's part since the independence. For example if you take US where only two percent of its workforce is engaged in agriculture. But US is enacting form lasalations every four years since 1933. So even though only two percent of Americans are depending on agriculture every four years American government is bringing a comprehensive form lasalation to boost the productivity and investments. Similarly the members of European common market adopted their common agricultural policy in 1962. So such policies show the proactive support from the government in addressing the needs of forming sector in a comprehensive manner. So generally when we talk about Indian agriculture we say input problems output problems or farm subsidy problems. We never take a comprehensive view of Indian agriculture. That is what author is saying here. And according to author the farm subsidies can be considered as a price that country pays for the failure of its policy makers in addressing the problems of farm sector. So author is saying that because government has not brought in policy it is paying penalty in terms of farm subsidies. So instead of engaging with the farming communities to bring a comprehensive policy the governments in the last 70 years have just chosen to give subsidies in order to ensure domestic food security and protecting rural livelihoods. So which means MSP again through MSP we are procuring food grains thereby ensuring food security and by giving MSP government is protecting rural livelihoods. And as we said in the recent days this MSP has led to undesirable outcome in terms of excessive stockpiling of food. Though media always says that India is giving a lot of subsidies to farmers if we compare with US and European Union the farm subsidies given by India are just marginal. As per agreement on agriculture members of WTO are expected to notify their agricultural subsidies. And as per 2018-19 data the subsidies in India were around 56 billion dollars. On the other hand in 2017 America provided 131 billion dollars while European Union it is around 93 billion dollars. So these absolute numbers do not provide a good scale to compare the farm subsidies. But if you see the ratios of subsidies to agricultural value addition for these three countries give a much better picture. Thus for 2017 if you take the ratio of farm subsidies to agriculture value addition it is just 12.4 percent for India. While for US it is 90 percent and for European Union it is 45 percent. So with respect to value addition the farm subsidies in India are just 12 percent. So this is the reality of farm subsidies that India provides. So farm subsidies provide a respite to farmers but they are not solution for the longer or broader problems of Indian agriculture. So what India needs is a comprehensive policy as being provided by US and European Union instead of laselations in bits and pieces. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article which talks about the extinction of AFSPA in Nagaland. See AFSPA empowers security forces to conduct operations anyway and arrest anyone without any prior warrant. In this regard let us see about AFSPA Act and also what are the powers given to armored forces under this act. See note that there are two AFSPAs in operation. One is exclusively for Jammu and Kashmir known as Armored Forces Jammu and Kashmir Special Powers Act of 1990. The other act is applicable to some of the north eastern states of India which is Armored Forces Special Powers Act of 1958. So this act is shortly called as AFSPA. So talking about AFSPA Act of 1958 it confers certain special powers to members of armed forces in disturbed areas in the north eastern states of India. We are aware that the north eastern states in India have been hit by violence and insurgency movements for decades. So this act was enacted to give additional powers to armed forces to maintain public order in the disturbed areas. So according to AFSPA Act of 1958 a disturbed area means an area which is for time being declared in an official gazette. So depending on the area either governor or state government or central government can declare whole or any part of a state or UT as a disturbed area by giving a notification in official gazette. So under this act the armed forces will have the authority to prohibit any assembly of five or more persons or prohibit carrying firearms ammunitions. If any person is acting in contravention to any law in force the armed forces can use force and can even fire upon which may even lead to death. So they can arrest without warrant any person who has committed a cognisable offense or against whom a reasonable suspicion exists. So even based on suspicion a person can be arrested that too without a warrant. The armed forces can even enter and search any premises in the disturbed areas to make such arrests. A significant provision is that the armed forces enjoys impunity or indemnity or complete exemption from punishment for their acts. The act says that no prosecution shall be instituted against any person in respect of anything done in exercise of the powers conferred by this act except with the previous sanction of central government. So only with the permission of central government a case can be filed on armed forces. So without that permission the armed forces get complete indemnity or impunity for the acts done under this act. At present AFSPA is operational in the states of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and few areas in Arunachal Pradesh. And coming to today's news article it says that AFSPA has been extended in Nagaland for six more months. This is mainly because Nagaland has a long history of insurgency. See Nagaland became a state in 1963. Even after that the armed insurgency and demand for greater Nagalim or independence has continued. Greater Nagalim means all the Naga areas in the bordering states should be joined to Nagaland. In 1975 the central government signed Shilling Accord with Nagarebels. But the accord was criticized by certain Nagarebel leaders and they continued their insurgency. The most important insurgent group among them is National Socialist Council of Nagaland Isaac Miwa group that is NSCNIM. In 2015 a historic agreement was reached between center and this group which paved the way for peace in the state. If you have watched Uri movie the first fight wherein the protagonist attacked the armed people in the northeast area is based on this Nagaland insurgent group. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this interesting news article which talks about facial recognition tracking systems in India. In this context we will see briefly what is facial recognition and what are the issues mentioned in the news article. See this facial recognition is a way of recognizing a human face through technology. Facial recognition system uses biometrics to map facial futures from a photograph or a video. It compares the information with a database of known faces to find a match. So it can help verify personal identity but it also rises privacy issues. See most of our phones are having face unlock technology wherein camera automatically detects our face and it unlocks. So that is one kind of facial recognition technology. Now how does this system work? First a picture of a person's face is captured from a photo or video. See the person's face might appear alone or even in a crowd. Then the facial recognition system reads the geometry of the person's face. So key factors include the distance between eyes and distance from forehead to chin. So the software identifies facial landmarks that are key to distinguish one person's face from other. From then a facial signature can be prepared from the data. So therefore the person facial signature which is nothing but a mathematical formula is compared to a database of known faces. And finally if match is found the system identifies who the person is or where this person is from. So this is how the facial recognition systems work. One example is our phones unlock feature. Now who use this technology? See this technology is being used by government at airports, mobile phone makers in cell phones, colleges in the classrooms, social media companies on websites etc. And today's news article says that currently there are around 16 different facial recognition systems in utilization by various central and state governments across India. So these governments are using FRT systems for surveillance, security or authentication of identity. Additionally 17 are in the process of being installed by different government departments. So what are the issues associated with facial recognition systems? Obviously the first one is security. Your facial data can be collected and stored often without your permission. Second these recognition technologies are becoming more widespread. That means your facial signature could end up in a lot of places. You probably won't even know who has access to it. Third is safety. This facial recognition could lead to online harassment and stalking. Like someone takes your picture in a public place and uses software to find out exactly who you are. Fourth one basic freedom. See government agencies and others could have the ability to track you. It means our privacy is being violated. So it could become impossible to remain anonymous. So now as mentioned in the article there are no specific laws or guidelines to regulate the use of this technology in India. So it can pose a huge threat to fundamental rights of privacy and freedom of speech and expression. It can also lead to mass surveillance and overpolicy. Moreover the article says that 100% accuracy in finding matches has not been achieved under this technology. This means that there are even chances of false positive or false negative results. For example when iPhone came up with this face unlock feature the phone unlocked even when the brother of phone's owner used to the phone. Though they look similar they are not twins and they do not look much identical. Even in that case the algorithm failed to distinguish between owner and owner's brother. So this is what we call false positive or false negative. And with respect to India facial recognition has been used when protests were happening against Citizenship Amendment Act and even during Republic Day celebrations last year the police have supported the move by saying that surveillance and security of the state is important. But there should be a proper balance between security of the state and privacy of the individual as outlined in Putta Swami judgment of Supreme Court. Let us take up practice questions from today's news articles. Say this question the consumer confidence survey is released by four options are given here. First one IRDAI that is Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India. Option B SEBI, Option C, RBI, Option D, Neethi Ayub. The correct answer is Option C, Reserve Bank of India. See this question with reference to CRPC that is Criminal Procedure Code consider the following statements. Three statements are given here and we are supposed to identify incorrect statements. Statement 1 The Criminal Procedure Code is the primary criminal code of the country. This statement looks like correct but be careful this statement is incorrect because IPC is the primary criminal code of the country that is Indian Penal Code. The code was drafted during British Raj in the year 1850 and came into force in 1862. Coming to CRPC it was enacted by Indian Parliament in 1974 to consolidate and amend the law relating to criminal procedure. So statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 it provides a detailed procedure for punishments under penal laws of the country. Yes the statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 The code provides that investigation relating to all cases of rape must be completed in 90 days of detaining the accused. This statement is incorrect because CRPC provides that investigation relating to offenses punishable with imprisonment up to 10 years must be completed in 60 days and for offenses with higher punishment within 90 days of detaining the accused. To speed up the process the CRPC was amended in 2018 and the period of investigation was reduced from 90 to 60 days for all cases of rape. So statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct. So correct answer is option B 1 and 3 only. Next question. Consider the following statements. Two statements are given here and we are supposed to identify incorrect statements. Statement 1 under the AFSPA Act of 1958 only the central government can declare an area as disturbed area. The statement 1 is incorrect because we have seen that either governor of the state or the administrator of UT or the central government any of the three can declare an area as disturbed area. Statement 2 at present AFSPA is operational only in the states of Assam and Nagaland. This statement is also incorrect because as of now AFSPA is operational in Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and few areas of Arunachal Pradesh. So the correct answer is option C both 1 and 2 since both the statements are incorrect. See this question. The concerns of Madesi population are discussed in relation to the affairs of so which of the country is related to Madesi population. As we all know the correct answer is option D Nepal. Next see this question with reference to facial recognition technology consider the following statements. Two statements are given here and we are supposed to identify correct statements. Statement 1 a facial recognition software match faces with 100% accuracy without any chances of false positive or false negative cases. This statement is definitely incorrect because we don't have 100% accurate technologies yet. Statement 2 as of now neither central government nor any state government in India use this technology. This statement is also incorrect. As we have discussed many state governments and central government have been using this technology for surveillance and security. So both statements are incorrect. So the correct answer is option D neither one nor two. Let us take up one main question. The panacea for all the ill plaguing Indian agriculture sector is bringing out a comprehensive policy on agriculture elaborate. Write the answer in 150 words and submit your answers in the comment section. Before we conclude one important announcement guys tomorrow there will not be Hindu news analysis because tomorrow is New Year. We wish you a very happy and prosperous New Year. See you all on Jan 2nd. With this we conclude today's news analysis. If you find this session resourceful click on the like button show your appreciation in the comment section and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel.