 Welcome to my channel, I am Arvita Karwa and in this video I am going to talk about Mr. Sigmund Freud because just last night I realized the fact that I have made so many YouTube videos yet never did I talk about Mr. Sigmund Freud the great psychoanalytical thinker. I have been reading his book since a long time and I have been fascinated by the ideas by the theories given by him yet I find that these theories when applied in literature are going to make literature even more fun, even more engaging and even more entertaining. So let's talk about Sigmund Freud's theory of personality in this video lecture but before that I would like to talk about an important point. When I was going through the previous year papers I found that UGC net papers are set in a pattern and every time they are going to ask certain questions which are repeated year after year and the publication date of interpretations of dream is one such work. Interpretations of dream was published in 1900 and since it was a monumental work which changed the perception people thought about themselves, about human brain this is a book which you must remember. So always remember that interpretations of dream was published in the year 1900 and it's a monumental work written by Sigmund Freud. So now before wasting any more time let's dive into the topic and let's see what Mr. Freud has to say about personality. So Mr. Sigmund Freud believed in the idea that every person is different from the other because every person responds to the same situation differently. If I ask five people in a room to respond to a certain situation they all are going to react in a different way and this difference in their reaction is caused by their difference in personality. So if you remember the main concept of Sigmund Freud he believed in the idea that there's an internal conflict which is going inside us every time we face a situation. Remember Tom and Jerry in Tom and Jerry there were certain episodes in which Tom used to have these two figures on his shoulders on one side there was an angel and on the other side there was a devil and these angel and devil are going to have a debate over whether they should kill Jerry or leave him. This is exactly what Sigmund Freud meant by the three parts of human personality. According to Sigmund Freud everybody is having three parts in their personality id, ego and superego. Now the concentration of all these parts differ from person to person and therefore their reaction to the situation also differs. In order to understand this better I'm going to give you an Hindi equivalent to id, ego and superego. I'm pretty sure that if you are interested in Hindu mythology you must have come across the term Rajogon, Satogon and Tamogon. So these are the three things which everybody has in himself and this is going to decide how you are going to respond to a situation. So now let's understand what is id, ego and superego. The first component of our personality is id. What is id? Id is known as a pleasure principle. It works on pleasure principle that means the main concern of the id is to maximize pleasure. Id is that part of your personality which is very childish and very impulsive. Suppose my friend has baked a cake for herself and she had put that cake in the refrigerator. I know that the cake belongs to my friend yet I would never mind having a piece of that cake and very soon I might finish the entire cake. Why I do this action? I know that it's morally wrong yet that desire to have the cake, to have that delicious meal or to maximize my pleasure I cannot resist myself and I eat it. We all want to wake up early in the morning yet many of us put our alarm on snooze and go back to sleep again. Why does that happen? That happens because of id. Id is that part of your personality which is going to make you do actions that can give you maximum pleasure. It is not going to think about what is right, what is wrong, should you do it, should you not. It is just going to tell you that do this because you'll feel great after doing it. So if I get angry on a person I might want to kill that person. That instinct inside me which asked me to take a knife and kill that person is the id inside me. The next component of our personality is superego. Superego is also known as morality principle. It's that part of our personality which is going to check our behaviors and see whether we are behaving in a socially appropriate manner. Superego in us is like our parents. It is always going to tell us you do this because this is correct. If a person superego is very strong then that person will never have any issue in waking up at 4 a.m. Even though it's a winter night it's a extremely chilly morning that person can get up because the person knows what is right for him. Superego is always going to keep a check on your actions and it is going to ensure that you act in a morally appropriate manner. You act according to the rules of the society. That's why superego becomes very important for making us civilized. Because if I want to become civilized I need to have a sense of superego in my personality. Finally we come on to the third part of our personality which is ego. Now this ego that I am going to talk about next is very different from the ego which we understand in our day to day language. Because that ego is a hankar whereas this ego is reality principle. It's a part of your personality which is going to make a balance between id and superego. We all know that extreme behavior is always harmful. In Hindi we say ati sarvatra vajyati that means don't follow an extremist path. If you look at id and superego they both are extremes. It says do whatever gives you pleasure whereas superego says that you need to be morally upright. Now if a person is not able to balance these two things he is never going to survive in this world. So ego is that part of your personality which is going to fulfill your id in a socially appropriate manner. So for example if you feel like eating a piece of cake from your friend's cake the ego in you is going to give you a very socially acceptable way to fulfill your desire. He is going to tell you that why don't you bake a cake and then eat it. So this is how ego is going to strike a balance between morality principle and pleasure principle. Morality principle says never eat a cake because it has sugar. It is going to say eat the full cake. Ego is going to tell you that you can have a piece of cake that would be good and then you can exercise to burn the calories. So ego is that part of your personality which is going to postpone the enjoyment but it is going to fulfill it in a socially appropriate manner. So balance personality is the best personality and if you look at literature you are going to have a lot of characters which have imbalance in their behavior and because of that imbalance in the behavior they suffered severe consequences. So that's how you relate the psychoanalytical theory of personality in literature. A classic example is madame bovary. Now in that novel madame bovary is a personality who is dominated by id. She does a lot of actions which are morally wrong yet she only cares about pleasure. She only cares about fulfilling her desires. So you can see the consequence madame bovary had to face. There would be a lot of characters in literature you will come across while reading that are there situated on the superego mode that means they are extremely moralistic. They would never do anything to satisfy themselves they are extremist. So even those personalities have to suffer. So if you apply the theory of edgo superego in literature you will be able to analyze the characters way better and you are going to get new insights from the text you read. So with that note I end my discussion on the topic theory of personality by Sigmund Freud. There are a lot of other topics which you must cover if you are preparing for UGC net English. You can get the list of all the important topics and writers on my website arpidakarwa.com. There's an online course which we are running exclusively for UGC net English aspirants. If you like the way I teach you can even think about joining that online course. Don't forget to subscribe to this channel because it's free. Also click on the bell icon so that you are notified every time I post a video. That's it for this video lecture. We'll meet soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next. Happy learning, keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpidakarwa.com