 My name is Guiping Yan, a nematologist at North Dakota State University. I work on nematode disease on different crops. Today I will talk about nematode, religion nematode detection and reproduction in potato. Plain parasitic nematodes are very tiny worms. So most of them cannot be seen with naked eye. They only can be observed under a microscope. This tiny worm can cause significant crop loss and considered as one threat to crop production in the world. There are many types of plant parasitic nematode. Religion nematode today I'm going to talk is one type of nematode. So this nematode unlike soybean seeds nematode, they are never from a seed stage. They are moving all the time during their life cycle for root penetration, infection and feeding. So this nematode you know you won't see on these potato leaves. Most of them you know are underground. So we can't go to field you know see this disease caused by religion nematode. But you need to dig the plant out and take the sample from soil around the root zone. We can do nematode assay, very specific nematode detection assay. Then we can detect the nematode problem. Several religion nematode like pretty lankas any choice probably you know this nematode. And also other nematodes pretty lankas discriminatory neglect is and creonitis are harmful to potato. But this nematode are very similar in morphology. You can identify them particular amount species with microscope right away. So that's why we developed you know molecular method, DAA based method to help us identify this type of nematode. This is the funding support from North Dakota specialty crop block grant program. We developed a new real-time PCR assay for detecting and quantifying this nematode directly from field soil after DAA attraction. And also for direct detection and quantification this nematode from plant roots. In this way we can avoid time consuming steps of nematode attraction identification and counting steps and improve detection efficiency. Another important project I want to talk about is religion nematodes species pretty lankas discriminatory. You know for field trial to determine you know the nematode reproduction in different potato cultivars. You know this trial is very big we tested total of 60 cultivars just like this. You know but not here in a different location in southern county North Dakota. So there are 60 cultivars each of them in four replications. So totally we have 240 field plots. So a pretty big trial. You know we conduct for two years in 2018 and 19. You know from the first year of experiment we found the nematode had very good reproduction overall. Almost every cultivar along the nematode to reproduce. But in the second year the reproduction rate was pretty low. And most cultivars did not support nematode reproduction. While there is a big difference I think the reason might be the late sampling in 2019. You may know in 2019 pretty wide we planted late and we harvest late. So we have to take sample you know in October pretty late. So I like time you know it's pretty cold. So and also you know potato plant are yellowed and nematodes move out from soil. You know move out from root you know move back to soil. So that's kind of situation and the difference you know because of the environment. I think the environment play a big role in nematode reproduction evaluation. And I think a third year of experiment is necessary to confirm nematode reproduction in those cultivars. So and I think for religion nematodes you know as a grower you may want to know the management tool. I think soil fumigation, crop rotation with non-host crops and also keeping your plant healthy with good culture practice will be helpful. And should be able to you know managing this nematode. But as I said this is a new species a lot of things are unknown. So more information definitely is needed. In addition to work on religion nematode we also work on cis nematode, Cedabi rule nematode and other plant parasitic nematode. So if you have any question about nematodes or you suspect your field has a nematode problem. So just you know call us you know contact NDSU nematology lab. So we'll be there you know for you. Thank you.