 What do you wish to join the civil service? Sir, among the services, the Indian Foreign Service is my first presence. And I really wish to visit India on the board stage. During my student exchange semester, I got a chance to present, make a presentation on India's culture and soft power in front of a classroom consisting of people of many different nationalities. And I really enjoyed it. And so what qualities do you possess? I have a high in degree of adaptability to diverse circumstances. Adaptability, what else? Sir, I am very dedicated and focused on my goal. Dedicated and focused, what else? Sir, I am open to learning, you think I am very inquisitive. What else? Sir, I persevere through adverse situations and remain calm and stressed. I see, you can handle stress. But you know these jobs are top jobs in the country. In some ways, leadership is a leadership position. You are representing your country, you will be a district magistrate. You will be a police officer, senior police officer. If you know that it is not your choice, it seems. But you have not mentioned any of those qualities which are required in a leader. Adaptability, dedication, etc. are very qualities of good qualities. Those qualities are completely required. So you keep in mind how you will handle this situation. Since you say foreign service is your first choice, what are the main objectives which India through its foreign policies try to achieve? Main objectives, give 3-4 main objectives. And there is a difference between the path which India is taking and the goal which it is reaching. I am talking of the goals, what we are trying to achieve. Sir, the first one I would like to mention is diplomacy for development for economic growth. Because as the economic survey points out, exports is one of the sustainable engines of economic growth. And we are trying to increase the exports in international trade. So the improving trade is one of our goals? Yes. All right. Improving trade is our goal, improving exports. Yes. What else? Sir, the second I would put is a solution to problems which are transnational in nature, such as climate change, terrorism. Climate change, terrorism? Anything else? Sir, the third one I would like to mention is that we have one of the highest diaspora in the world, among all countries. It is around 30 million strong. No, protection of diaspora. Yes, for the safety and security. Are you missing something here? And these objectives, some very vital objectives. Sir, if ever to talk about specifics, probably a permanent seat in the Security Council is a permanent seat. But you are missing something. Sir, a membership of the NSG? Don't you think, what is your most serious problem in the period of foreign influence? Sir, our neighbour. Your China and Pakistan are your perpetual enemies? Yes. So, don't you think that is the future? You will see the first priority. You will do everything. You will go for a seat in NSG everywhere, while your own home becomes destroyed. No? Yes. Isn't that your first priority? Definitely. So, think of it. You are not able to do the articulate properly. First thing first, first thing is security and safety and sovereignty of our nation. Protect that. Second is economic development. Third is military, our strong military. We must collaborate like a pile, etc. Those are the basic objectives. Other things are very federal like objectives, Security Council. Even if you don't get a seat in Security Council, so what? Mr. Tanair. Yes. Tanair, right? Yes, sir. Now, you are interested in the Foreign Service. Yes. Let's look at our relations with China. There is a concept of string of perks. What is that? Sir, it can be defined as a policy of encirclement of India through Chinese ports and naval bases starting from Djibouti in Africa, then Maldives, Hamban Dota in Sri Lanka. Where do they have a port in Maldives? Sir, they don't have a port as yet, but they have a quiet land. Then Hamban Dota in Sri Lanka, Chittagong in Bangladesh, and Kwak Pew in Myanmar. Now, who was the person who propounded this theory of string of perks? Was it the Chinese, the Indian, or what? Sir, I am not to show the name of the person, but he was neither Chinese nor Indian. I think it was an American. Booz Hamilton. Booz Hamilton. Right. They are the ones who were there. Now, our relationship with China. There are a large number of relatives in our relationship. Border issue, of course, is a very, very major one. Now, China is spending a lot of money on this CPAC. Yes. How much money are they spending on that? About 60 billion. It's a billion. Billion. Dollars. Yes. Why are they spending so much money on this corridor? Sir, one of the reasons I think is because China's state-owned enterprises have excess capacity and they want to utilize it in infrastructure projects. That is the primary purpose of spending all this money because they have excess capacity. That is one of the reasons. And the other one would be most strategic. Coming to the strategic first. So, what is the strategic advantage of this CPAC for China? Sir, I think it would be, it's one of the major stepping stones to improve its cooperation. It's cooperation with Pakistan. Why? They don't need to have any steps to improve. For improving your relationship with Pakistan, they are spending this money. I am asking you, is there any strategic advantage for China or China by building this CPAC? Sir, they have a port at Wadar in Pakistan. And so what does it do for them? For the Chinese? What is the importance of Wadar? Sir, I think it's also a part of the string of policy. There are two. Yes, sir. And look at it this way. China imports a large huge amount of crude oil for its refineries. Yes, I get you. Where does it go through? How does it go now? Sir, it goes to the state of Malacca, which is a choke point for this. A choke point? The distance is huge. Yes, sir. It's 10,000 kilometers. And what is the distance from Wadar to Xinjiang province? Around 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers. That is the most strategic advantage. That is all they are doing it. The rest of course is there. Pakistan becomes dependent on them. But as they have been supporting Pakistan on many issues. What are the issues on which they have been supporting Pakistan against India? Sir, one of them is to block India's membership in NSG. Second one, I would say that India wanted a resolution to be passed that Azhar Mahmood should be declared as an international terrorist. And that was blocked by China. Who is Masood Azhar? He is in Jai Shem of the world. And what has he been responsible for? Has he been responsible for any attacks in India? I think 26-11. That was Jai Shem of. That was not Jai Shem of. That was L-E-T. L-E-T. Something else. What is the theory of separation of powers? Okay. It was first given by Montesquieu. Correct? French quality programs like this. And it refers to the separation between the functions and responsibilities of the three branches of government legislative, the executive and the petition. Is the U.S. an example of separation of powers? Yes, definitely. What is this problem that we are facing this federal shutdown which is happening in the U.S.? What is the background to this? President Trump, as a part of his campaign promise, he wanted a wall to be built between USA and Mexico. And for that, he requires $5.7 billion. And the budget for that needs to be voted by the House of Representatives. But since the majority is of the other party, the Democratic party, they are not allowing it to be passed. As a result, there has been a standoff. How much money does he need? $5.7 billion. One last question. Yesterday, a very major sporting event has ended in Pune. Hello, India. Are you following tennis? I don't follow tennis. Thank you. You have done NB? Yes. NB in what? That was a major subject. Sir, in IMF, you don't have any specialization as such, but it took many electives of economics and finance. So, anyway, management reaches you to be a good manager. You are aspiring for civil service. They are leadership positions. What is the difference between manager and a leader? I would say that a manager is one who is comfortable with the status quo and tries to manage it better, whereas a leader is one who is a change agent who wants to change the status quo and he or she also inspires... Change the status quo? Yes. That is, he or she wants to bring about better status in the organization or the place where they are. What? Should I give you an example? I think if we talk about the world of business... No, because leaders are not in business. Government positions mostly not. Government positions, they are not to do business. Think out. This is a very important question. Because you have done management. Okay. Political science is your subject. Yes, sir. Can you tell me what are the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments? Sure, sir. The 73rd constitutional amendment relates to the Panchayati Raj. The local self-government in rural areas and the 74th constitutional amendment relates to urban local self-government. So can you tell me some of the important features of these two amendments? Okay, sir. So before this, there were many states which had local bodies but the structure was not uniform. Some of them had two tires, some of them had three tires. So it was a uniform three-tire structure, subject to an exception of a population of 20 lakhs. What are the three tires? The first one is village panchayat. Yes, yes. Then after that it is third is Dilla Parishat and in between it is... Panchayat Samiti. Panchayat Samiti. We are very sure because these are very important. What are the characteristics of political science in the course of this? Then what are the features? That is, these are three tires. Then what are the other features? Sir, it has introduced the 11th and 12th schedule into the constitution which has a list of functions which can be transferred by the state government to these bodies. How many functions have been transferred so far? I mean at least 11 schedule which you have read. Any idea? The 11th schedule for rural areas has 18 functions and for the urban areas it has 29 functions. Correct. So then go ahead. And apart from that, it also has provisions related to the reservation for the underrepresented classes and castes and as well as for women at least 33% reservation should be there for women in these bodies. Then it also has a list of taxes or revenue sources for these local self-government bodies. You are missing two important points that is periodic elections. Yes. That means 5 years. Actually the state election commission. Yes. State finance commission. Okay. Now you have talked of 63% reservation for women. Yes. So now there are many women's functions. Yes. So how the women inform at all the kind of these functions are they really taking the leadership positions or what is the position? What are the decisions about that? Sir, there are two sides to this. On the positive side it has been seen so if my home state is Bihar there it is 50% reservation. Okay. And it has been seen that women leaders take decisions more related to the health and education which are more priority areas. Okay. But the downside of this is that there has been this proxy leadership kind of thing where the actual power lies with the main members of the household which does not fulfill the purpose for which this reservation was put in place. Okay. One more question. Since independence, you named three or four major achievements in India. We have achieved three or four major achievements in different fields. Yes. Since independence. Okay sir. Sir, first one I would like to put the advancements in space technology. Space technology. Yes. So has done very well and okay. The second one I would like to put is that at the time of independence across the world there were many doubts that we would be able to sustain a democracy in a newly independent country. Strong and vibrant democracy. Okay. Yes. Go ahead. The third that economic growth has been very good in these years. We have now the six largest economy in the world in terms of nominal terms. What are the achievements I am asking? No, self-sufficiency in food. Yes. Nuclear energy became a nuclear power. Yes. Then of course the 1991 economic growth. Okay. Thank you sir. You have presented a bit of a possibility of a common currency. Yes sir. How practical would this be for the arson companies? Based on my studies I found out that the level of economic development among the 10 members of ASEAN is too varying and as of now a single uniform currency for these countries is not suitable. Having said that there are two different blocks among them. CLMB countries, the lesser developed one and the other countries and among them Brunei and Singapore already have a common currency arrangement. Whereas Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia have a science framework for financial arrangements. So probably based on my studies I can say that a single currency is not practical. So taking from the European Union, would you say there are certain bitcoins? Yes sir. What would this be? The first one would be the role of an anchor country. So in the EU, Germany has been playing this role. The problem is that is in the terms of fiscal district. So Germany has always been very fiscally prudent and has restricted spending. But countries like Greece used to have a lot of spending areas like salaries, pensions. So this has created some conflicts. And the point to find out is. Yes sir. You have taken part in a lot of quiz competitions. Yes sir. How do you view the quiz competitions which they show on an Indian TV? Have you seen any of them? I was part of one. You were? Okay. What do you think about them? I was in Tata principal campus which? I saw. Yes sir. So it is supposed to be a business quiz in the campus edition. But there are many questions from the general areas as well. I think the primary reason for that is to keep the interest of the viewers. But it has tried to work out a solution that in the corporate edition. They only ask business questions. So they have tried to balance it. Okay. Now you also visited a large number of countries and you appreciate financial and historical studies. Yes sir. So if I ask you to compare the temples of Angkorback with the Egyptian temples, let's say of Axel, what should you say? Have you visited them? No, I haven't visited them. I haven't visited them. I know of them. But you visited lots of places in Cambodia and Egypt? No, in Southeast Asia. I have been to four countries in South Asia. All right. So tell me something about your visit to South Asia? I used to live in Singapore for two years. During that time I visited Bali in Indonesia and Kuala Lumpur and Genting in Malaysia. And recently during my MBA internship I was in Thailand for two months. So this is a recent experience. So Thailand you visited any of the other places around Thailand? I mean in Narang Bangkok? I did. You did? Yes sir. Anything you would like to say about that? Yes sir. I visited this place for Kanchanaburi in North Thailand near Myanmar water. And it is the site of the bridge on the river Kuala. Not the one shown in the movie. That is actually shot in Sri Lanka. But it was built by the prisoner of war during the Second World War. And I visited the site. I traveled on the death railway as it is known. And there were many Indian prisoners of war there who also contributed to the war. Okay. You also visited movies since you talked about bridge on the river Kuala. There is a movie called Back and the Ugly. It is supposed to be one of the classics of Black and White films. Why is it so relevant in the movie? Why is viewership so high for this movie? I do not remember the specifics. Okay. You have good time. All right. I will come into the pharmaceutical industry because you work there. What is the health of the pharmaceutical industry in India? How is it doing? In terms of generics, we are doing pretty well. But there have been some issues related to FDA inspections. Some of the sites have not met the standards. And they have faced certain sanctions. And the second aspect is from my own experience, I was working at doctorate. And a large share of our business was in Venezuela. But then a currency crisis happened there. And doctorate has lost a lot of its revenues because of it. We have come across a drug that is a very new drug. What does that mean? So when a new drug is developed by an innovator company, it has a patent protection for 20 years. But what happens is some of the multinational corporations, they make minor modifications to the drugs. And then they try to again apply for a patent. But India does not allow that. And recently there was a controversy about the patent of prices for drugs. What was that about? So in India, the price of drugs are controlled by drug, DGPO. And although it's a very good step in terms of increasing affordability, but there is a supply demand problem there. It creates situations of scarcity. That is the problem. Corporal governance issues are a bit weak in this country. Of late, some attempt has been made to strengthen the corporate governance norms. Can you throw some light on that? What kind of women is coming from corporate governance? Sir, I know two things about this. One there was a panel led by Mr. Uday Kota, which, a committee led by him, which went into this issue. And then... Company law, I mean... Company law, I mean... Yes. Okay. But I don't have to familiarize specifics of this. But from a layman's perspective, what kind of... What comes next? Sir, I think there is an issue related to complaints of interest, which must be removed from corporate governance. A comptability of the directives? Yes. And shareholders are also not given the kind of importance, which probably... Okay. I will change the subject. Insolvency and bankruptcy... How significant is that? Sir, it is very significant. It's a major... It's a step in the right direction as far as reforms are concerned. Because India has this virgining NPA problem. And apart from that, in the economic subjects, 2016 talked about Chakravju challenge, where firms are able to enter, but they face problems in exit. And this... What is it made a difference? There is one case that has been resolved. That was of push and steal, I believe. Other cases are going on. Some criticism is also coming. The way... It's been implemented. What kind of criticism? Occasionally... I don't know. The process of resolution is very slow. And I think... Anyway, since I think it's in the beaming phase, we can give them some degree of liberty. Okay. Universal basic income. What is this concept? This was, again, the economic survey. And it talks about transferring an amount to the general accounts of every person. And it... In the context of a country like India, I think it's a particularly... We have a huge population. And apart from that, the digital infrastructure in all... Every dual is not that developed. Okay, last question. How do you look at the fiscal situation in India? Sir, in the last three, we enacted FRBM. And we have been striving to reach the 3.3% fiscal deficit mark. And currently, we are around 3.3% to 3.5%. So, yes, we are going in the right direction. However, in terms of subsidies, we still have... And as to what are the vulnerabilities, we still face... We are threat of overshooting the target in India. So, as far as I recall, the newspaper reports, by November itself, we had surpassed 118% of the budget fiscal deficit. And there are still a couple of months more. So, there is a possibility. And what happens if we... If we overshoot the fiscal deficit target? What would be the consequence? Just wanna... If the two of them are there, first is the following leak leads, either from internal or external sources. And secondly, if there is a deficit financing by printing your currency, then inflation will... How do you do that? You have done management, right? And so, what is the best way of managing your resources, which includes manpower? What are the best ways of doing it, according to whatever you learnt, your reasons? There are... What are the resources? Resources are physical resources. Money, etc. And when you look at the manpower. So, what are the best ways of doing it? You would suggest... From what I've learnt, if there is a resource in a company, it should not be kept idle for a long time. There should be optimum utilization. And as far as human resources are considered, so for any company, I think empathy with the employer's employees is very important. Now, which theory of management would be most practicable for application to, let's say, IS, a job which a collector holds, or a police, in a government organization like these, which theory can be adopted or best management of resources? Sir, I'm not able to understand which domain... You know the broadly the job which a collector does and the job which a police officer does. Both have, number one, both have to control many wrong things, right? Controlling. That is administration. And then collector has a wider brief that is welfare and development. So, which are the theories now which you think will be most applicable? Or is there no theory which you can think of? Sir, I'm not able to recall any theory. Come on. Any theory of Peter Drucker, which you can use? No, sir. You have read those theories? I know Peter Drucker's me, but you wouldn't read these. Who are the great management groups which you have read about? I have read about Michael Porter. Michael Porter? Yes. What is his story? Sir, he talks about five forces in any industry, and can I list? Quickly. It's a state of new entrance, bargain power of customers, bargain power of suppliers, and the price of the vehicle. All right. Yes, you know it. Now, what is the growth rate of data? From the last figures, around 12%. And human development index, where does it stand among these days? It stands for 34. The states and utilities. Absolutely. You have a very excellent pair of data. Thank you, sir. And very rich CV. Your practical experience is also quite good from 2017 to 2015. All that will help you in answering a number of questions. We feel that most of the questioning is going to be based on your bio-data. So, political science and international relations are your subjects. And then you are from foreign services your first choice. So, we have, accordingly, focused a large number of questions on these areas. On political science, I think you should also keep in mind things like constitutional principles like basic structure, or quantities, federal or unitary. It is federal with unitary bias, and you have to give reasons why, if they ask you. Then important issues which have come up before the Supreme Court in, let's say, last one year, like Aadhaar, Privacy, Triple Talag, Euthanasia, Livingville, etc. And now issues like surveillance over computers. So, these are some of the important issues. Local bill. What is Supreme Court said about local bill? Then also, appointment of CBIG and appointment of DGPs. These issues have also come up. So, these are important areas. Next is your chemical engineering. Now, since you have worked in ready-level retrieves, and chemical engineering, this is some area where you should expect questions. One question which occurs to me, I mean, you should prepare among other questions is, like, you were asked about the evergreening of patents, right? Now, you know the famous Vilek case in India? Yes, Bayer. Even Novartis. Novartis, yes. So, that is a very important case in the Supreme Court laid down what is, what entitles a company to brand that it is good as a company. So, read of that. And in that connection also, we have in India's patent law. But this is a very famous case which you should keep in mind and refresh your memory. They say that incremental improvement is not, it must be a substantial, you know, significant improvement in efficacy. Then your hobbies, these are important things. We have asked you questions on management, leadership. I asked you about management theories. We asked you about 73% improvement, 33% reservation. These are all questions relating to our constitution. In India's trade achievement, these are important. We asked you also about RCM and CPAC. Now, CPAC, there is something to tell you, finally. You are very well involved. It is clear you are well involved. But you are not able to distinguish between what is important and what is less important. So, in your answers, you are going about peripheral issues more. For instance, humorous selection of CPAC. What is strategic? Strategic is, it is not that China is helping Pakistan for any interesting reasons. It is getting a strategic benefit out of it. Same way, what are the objectives of India's foreign policy? You are going for minor things like, you know, energy and security policy. What is our most important pursuits? What do we want out of this security policy? So, it is still a question of the region. Separation of powers also you have a constitution, whether in India we have separation of powers. That question can be answered. So, finally, we would say that you are a very strong candidate. But you need to verify your practice. In the sense, when you are giving a presentation, focus on the important, cut out the important. Good luck. Thank you. Thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update.