 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls really college, University of Allahabad. And nowadays I am discussing issues and topics of educational philosophy in which this time I am going to discuss a very relevant and oldest philosophy that is Idealism. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for your various competitive teaching examinations as well as for your general B.A.M.A. and professional B.A.M.A. courses. So let's start. Idealism. In Hindi it is called Aadarshwad. The students who don't go to school and want to write in English will be asked about Aadarshwad so they will fill the entire Aadarshwad. Nowadays Aadarshwad has a sense of Aadarsh, it used to be very good before. Aadarshwad was there, Aadarshwad is going on and so on. They don't know that Idealism is Aadarshwad but its main concept is Idea. So obviously it should be Idealism but there must be a problem in speaking or whatever its name is Idealism, it is Idealism in a way. So Aadarshwad has also been discussed, no doubt Aadarshwad has been discussed in this but this is a very important topic in a way. Idealism is the oldest system of philosophy known to man. That is to say if the oldest view in a person's life is Aadarshwad. Its origin goes back to ancient India in the East and to Plato in the West. That is to say in ancient India you can understand its origin or if you see it in western countries then it is considered as its origin from Plato. Generally Idealists believe that Ideas are the full reality. Look whenever you read a philosophy then compare it with the philosophy you read before. So what was the concept of Idealism? Idealism was everything, beyond the concept of Idealism and behind the concept of Idealism they didn't believe in anything, similarly Aadarshwad is only thinking according to them. According to them the human spirit is the most important element in life. Look here the spirit and mind are the same. So the meaning of the spirit is completely from the mind itself. So they are saying that somewhere here it will be reducible to mind or spirit. So you can consider it as mind. They are saying that the mind is the most important element in your life. All of reality is reducible to one fundamental substance spirit. Sometimes you can call it soul but you can call it mind. They are saying that whatever state it is, you can reduce it to a fundamental substance. That is you can bring it to your mind. The Universe is viewed as essentially non-material in its ultimate nature. They are saying that Brahmahand is made in two ways, from spiritual material and spiritual material. They are not believing in material, that there is something. Universe is viewed as essentially non-material in its ultimate nature. i.e. they are saying that Brahmaan is not only about thoughts, it is also about abstract things. Matter is not real, they are saying that the product is not real. Rather it is a notion, it is just a notion, it is not your imagination, it is an abstraction of the mind. i.e. the mind is an abstraction, an immortal form of matter. Look, I was telling you that philosophy is not so easy that you just read it again and again i.e. by remembering it, you can get the answer and get the number in the examination, but to understand it, you have to read it again and again. Then you will understand, matter is not real. For us, matter is real, but idealists say matter is not real. Rather it is a notion, an abstraction of the mind. It is only the mind that is real. They are saying that it is only the mind that is real, the reality that is real. Therefore, all material things that seems to be real are reducible to mind or spirit. They are saying that all the material things that we see, that we find true, they can be reduced to mind or soul. The philosophical doctrine that stems from the category of thought associated with ideas is ideaism. i.e. the main root of it is thought. It asserts that the reality of everything lies in ideas, thought and mind, not in material things. They are saying that everything was not in your thoughts and thoughts, it was not in your mind, it was not in the material thing. Idealists are understood to represent the world as it might or should be, unlike pragmatists, to focus on the world as it presently is. We have not studied pragmatism after the pre-yogand. They are saying that the idealists look at the world in that form, they try to understand it in that form, which should be in that form. They try to focus on the world in that state, as it is. They also tell us that we should do it, that it is good, that it is bad. Then, Idealism is any philosophy which argues that the only things knowable are consciousness or the contents of consciousness, not anything in the outside world. If such a place actually exists. See what they are saying. They are saying that if something exists in the outside world, then it is not worth knowing. What is worth knowing is our consciousness, our consciousness and our contents of consciousness. Indeed, Idealism often takes the forms of arguing that the only real things are mental entities, not physical things and are used. That reality is somehow dependent upon the mind rather than independent of it. They are saying that the idealism which is your idealism means that only the mental entities are the real ones and not physical things. And it says that reality is somehow dependent upon the mind, rather than independent of it. That is, whatever reality is, it is filled with our mind. There is no reality beyond the mind. In short, the main chain of Idealism is that ideas and knowledge are the quest reality. So what is the quest reality? That only the thoughts and knowledge are the real ones. Many things in the world change, but ideas and knowledge are enduring. They are saying that many things can change in the world, but your thoughts do not change. Enduring means always being in the state. According to them, values are eternal. They say that the principles are in the state. They believe in three spiritual values, which are always in the state. And they believe in the three half-human principles, which are both beauty and goodness. This is written somewhere in Shri Kam Sunder Ammi. Okay, this is an intellectual value, which is true. It is our body, which is beautiful, which is beautiful, and which is good, which is natinical. Okay, then what is it? Look at its theoretical rationale, look at its rational, look at its metaphysics, epistemology and exeology. What is the idealism beyond idealism? So what is the truth and faith for it? They are saying that the person with an idealistic worldview believes that reality is basically a spirit rather than matter. That is to say, what is the main reality for them? It is a spirit. It is not a matter, it is not a matter. For the idealist, the idea is more real than the thing. They are saying that the thought is more than just you. Since the thing only reflects or represents the idea. The world of spirit or idea, that is the immaterial world, is static and absolute. They are saying that the material thing is useless. The material thing is the same truth, the same truth, the same static, the same absolute. Okay, so this is the truth and faith. Who do they believe in? They say that reality is a spirit. Because the mind and the soul believe in the truth. That is why they are saying that idealists believe that knowledge results from the mind grasping reality. That is to say, the knowledge that comes out of the mind comes out of the mind. Since the mind and the ideas that it knows are immaterial, the process of knowing is entirely abstract. That is why they believe in the right way to gain knowledge. And according to the exeology, according to Mooli and Sondari, they are saying that for the idealist, goodness is found in the ideal that is in perfection. They are saying that the idealism is not good in the idealist. It is found on the immaterial level. This immaterial level is found on the perfect concept, notion, idea. They are saying that perfect goodness is never to be found. It should be found in the material world. That is to say, there is no good in the idealist. Will for the idealist consists of the absence of the ideal. The bad case is found in the idealist. There is no good in the idealist. There is no bad in the idealist. And what is aesthetics? When an idealist wants to visually or audibly represent an idea, his or her approach will be to get that idea across to the viewer or listener. They are saying that when an idealist wants to show or show something to someone, then the main emphasis of it is not in specific and concrete instances. It is only in reality that he or she can present the general idea. That is it. This is its beauty. And education. In education, what Adarshwad said, the purpose of education, according to idealism, is the development of the mind and self of the people. Because everything is mind. That is why they are saying that the development of the mind should be the purpose of education. They like to educate the child for mainly two reasons. They want to teach the child for two reasons. Why? Firstly, education is a spiritual necessity. And secondly, education is also a social necessity. They are saying that the education... Sorry. It is required from the spiritual group and it is required from the social group. That is why it is important for the child to be educated. So the school should emphasize intellectual activities. So what should the student do? He should emphasize bodily activities. Moral judgment means aesthetic judgment. Moral judgment means... Sorry. He should be able to take the aesthetic judgment. He should be able to take the spiritual judgment. He should be able to recognize the firm. He should be able to take the individual responsibility. He should be able to self-control. So that his development can be right. In essence, idealists advocate that. So we can say in all forms that for education, what Adarshwad says, he says that education is a process of unfolding and developing. That which is a potential in the human person. It is unfolding of what is already unfolded. Look. Vivekananda Ji's definition of education also says that what is already not in us, is the unfolding of education. Learning is a discovery process in which the learner is stimulated to recall the truth present within the mind. He is saying that what is Adhigam? Adhigam is a type of search process in which you can stimulate the learner to take out the truth in the mind. He is saying that he is also saying that you don't have to teach, you just have to take it out. The teacher should be a moral and cultural exemplar or model of values that represent the highest and best expression of personal and human development. He is saying that no ordinary layman can become a teacher. He should have a great natik and sanskritic principle. For example, he should be able to follow the umbrella of good, personal and human development. What should be the curriculum? According to Adarshwat, he has done spiritual side of man with the emphasis of naturalism. Plato, who had great exponent idealism, said that the highest idea of life is the attainment of the highest good. He is saying that if we take care of God, we will take care of the best things. Hence, the curriculum ought to impart an order to enable the educant to attain his highest good. That is, we have to do the work of taking out the inherent values. So, what should be taught to us? Language, literature, science, mathematics, history, geography, aesthetic activities, art, poetry, moral activities, religion, ethics and metaphysics should be taught in accordance to idealists. The role of teacher or naturalism should not be interfered by the teacher. The teacher should do everything. Idealism leaves, their pupils catch fire from a teacher who is himself a flame. He is saying that the child can learn something from the teacher who has the power to live. Idealists have high expectations from the teacher. They have high expectations from the teachers. Ideal in order to serve as an example for the student, both intellectually and morally. The teacher should be able to present his ideas in front of the child in a very specific way. The teacher should not only understand the stages of learning but also maintain constant concern about the ultimate purpose of learning. The idealist emphasizes the importance of emulation in learning for which they feel the teacher should be the kind of person we want our children to become. We want them to be the kind of person we want our children to become because we imitate them and imitate them. The type of education which we may give to our youth depends on the fact that what type of features we get. This is the same as the way we get the education of our teachers. What are the principles? Which principles are based on the two forms of the whole world? What are the emphasis on? Ideas are more important than objects. They are more important than objects. They are more important than nature. Why? Because mind is important. Faith in spiritual values is their belief in spiritual values. They talk about the importance of personality development and full support to the principle of unity and diversity. The principle of unity is also strong. What will be the aims of education and self-realization? Why? Because mind needs spiritual development. Education cultivates beauty and goodness. Conservation, promotion and transmission of cultural heritage. The cultural heritage is related to conservation and is transmitted to the second generation. It is also talked about intelligence and rationality. If we look at the merits and demerits, there are many such as the highest values of truth, beauty and goodness. It is also talked about the moral character. The teacher is given an important role. The development of self is about creative energy, stimulation, social organization. After this, the school was a social organization. What are the demerits? We talk about the ultimate end of life. But the life that is going on does not talk about the solutions of real problems. More emphasis on thinking and mental activities, this increases the importance of un-necessarily. It is very difficult, but it is extremely powerful. It gives more importance to the teacher in relation to the child. If we look at child-centered education, it does not fit at all. It gives more importance to the teacher and gives more importance to spiritual development and attention to other developments. This is your idealism. This is idealism from the next form. Do not write un-necessarily. Idealism is important. Development is the truth. There is nothing beyond development. It is the truth, it is the truth, it is the truth. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. I have done it.