 Welcome to ITU telecom world 2018 here in Durban, South Africa, where I'm very pleased to be joining the studio today, Mr Francois Rassi, who is the director of the radio communication bureau for ITU. Mr Rassi, welcome to the studio. Thank you and good afternoon to you. I'd like to start off by talking about smart digital development. What does smart digital development mean to you and how is ITU, the radio communication bureau of ITU, working towards it? Smart digital development is about bringing to everybody on the planet the benefit of being connected to the internet, and not only everybody but also everything. And the main challenge for making this possible is actually to ensure that everywhere you are on the earth, whether you are a human or a thing, you can be connected. So this basically means the mobile networks, which are in most countries the main way of being connected to internet. Mobile networks need to be developed to the point where this is made possible. So that's what it means. From the ITU's radio communication bureau's perspective, which single innovation or innovative technology, product, strategy or policy is most transformative? The main challenge for the ITUR, which is in charge of developing the international regulations on the use of spectrum and the standards for the best use of spectrum, the role is essential in enabling this pervasive aspect of the mobile infrastructure to become real. So that's the challenge which relies on the radio sector. And actually it's very difficult to say that one single is essential. Many innovations are ongoing. They all tend to improve the efficient use of spectrum because given the exponential increase of traffic that we have seen in the last 20 years in mobile networks, the main improvements are the ones which ensure that within the same spectrum you can increase the traffic. Of course the role of the ITU is also to provide more spectrum, but more spectrum comes also with different aspects like if you want more spectrum you have to go to higher bands. If you have to go to higher bands then the service area of the network of the base station decreases very quickly. So basically you have both aspects to develop the networks of the future as one is to provide more spectrum, but the other and probably more importantly is to increase the spectrum efficiency and one key area of technological innovation in this perspective is the use of MIMO antennas, which means multi-meme antennas which actually concentrate the energy towards the particular user whether it's a person or an object. What about this event here? What will be the highlights of ITU's participation in ITU telecom world? Well I think the highlights are in the forum discussions on spectrum. We already have three in one and a half days on spectrum in particular for 5G and well during the communication conference preparations there will be another one tomorrow on the new approaches in managing and using spectrum. And of course if you go through the exhibition you will find a lot of products which are actually related to the use of spectrum for providing connectivity. Have you got a message here for participants here in Durban and also for those watching elsewhere? Yes of course the ITU telecom world offers a unique opportunity to exchange with the people to exchange experience but also have access to new technologies new ways of doing things and so my advice is please get together and connect to each other. Thank you very much indeed.