 Good day everybody, Dr. Sanjay Sanyal here. This time I'm going to demonstrate the flexor reticulum, the carpal tunnel, and a few quick words about the palmariponeurosis and the muscles. And then I'm going to slit open the flexor reticulum to show you the carpal tunnel and the space of her. So what we see in front of us, this facial structure here is the flexor reticulum. This flexor reticulum extends from the PC-formed bone to the scaphoid, then to the trapezium, to the hook of hermate. So it is a rectangular, very tough, facial structure. And this covers the carpal bones, both the proximal and the distal row, and converts the space into a tunnel, which is where my instrument has gone in, and that space is called the carpal tunnel. This is the palmaris longus tendon. The palmaris longus tendon gets inserted onto the flexor reticulum from the proximal end. From the distal end, this is the palmariponeurosis, and it's a V-shaped structure with an apex approximately and the base distal. The apex is also inserted onto the flexor reticulum. And the slips of the base, one, two, three, four slips are all extensions into the digits, which form the fibrous flexor sheets. Actually, we see this bunch of muscles here. These are the thinner muscles, and immediately we see these bunch of muscles here. These are the hypothenor muscles. Incidentally, I have preserved one small slip of a muscle just for your academic interest. This is a small muscle, which is not part of the hypothenor eminence. This is called the palmaris brevis. And you can see the palmaris brevis when you flex your finger like this. You can see a depression here. This is the palmaris brevis muscle, which is drained. Now, the most important structure, which is passing through the carpal tunnel into the palm are nine tendons. The four tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis. Here, deep to that, the four tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. Radially, the flexor policies longest. All of them are enclosed in the respective sine wave sheet, which are respectively referred to as the ulnar bursa and the radial bursa. And last but not the least, definitely not the least, we have this important structure which passes through the carpal tunnel. And this structure is the median nerve. The median nerve is the one which we can see between the flexor carpal radialis and the palmaris longus. And my instrument has gone through the carpal tunnel. So let's say a patient comes to us with carpal tunnel syndrome because of the compression of the median nerve. So what we need to do is we need to slit open the carpal tunnel. Previously, we used to do an open surgery, but nowadays we do it by means of an endoscope. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to slit open the carpal tunnel on camera. So I have put this instrument inside and I'm going to slit it open. I'm slitting open the carpal tunnel. It's quite a tough structure, as you will see when I cut it open. I'm slicing the flexor retinoculum and opening the carpal tunnel. This is the carpal tunnel. So you can see the cut end of one flex side of the flexor retinoculum and you can see the other side of the flexor retinoculum. And we can see that going through this is this median nerve here. This is the structure which gets compressed. So now let me lift up all the tendons here. These are the tendons which are going through the carpal tunnel here. And this, what you see here, is the pronator quadratus. So official to the pronator quadratus, but deep to the flexor digital profundus is the space of Perona has gone into the mid-palmer space. From the mid-palmer space, it communicates with the space of Perona. So this is the space of Perona. So thank you very much for watching, ladies and gentlemen. If you have any questions or comments, put them in the comment section below.