 Extromer radiation and surgery are not the only options for the treatment of prostate cancer. My name is Jason Molotoras and I'm an assistant professor in the University of Maryland School of Medicine and I work in the Green and Bomb Comprehensive Cancer Center. Today we're going to be drawing outside of the line talking about high-dose radiation brachytherapy as well as hyperthermia treatments. We know that surgery is a very good option for a lot of men with prostate cancer. We also know that extrobeam radiation is an option and in some cases brachytherapy commonly referred to as seeds is an additional option for men with prostate cancer where we introduce radioactive seeds into the prostate itself. Now while this is a good option for some men and we know that increasing the radiation dose through the use of internal treatments is beneficial for a lot of men with prostate cancer, some men have prostate cancer that doesn't work well for the use of seeds. If prostate cancer has grown outside of the prostate it can be challenging to get seeds to remain in place and deliver radiation dose to this prostate cancer. Additionally, surgery can be challenging in these situations because it can be difficult to remove the entirety of the prostate cancer. So at the University of Maryland we have initiated a high-dose rate brachytherapy program. Similar to seeds we insert catheters or needles into the prostate. However, in this situation we give high-dose radiation over the course of five to ten minutes through these catheters while the men are asleep. Because we're doing this with the catheters in place and all radiation is delivered we are able to deliver significant amounts of radiation to the entire area where the tumor exists. In addition to doing high-dose rate brachytherapy, in cases where prostate cancer has come back we have an additional treatment of hyperthermia in which we can use to improve outcomes for men with prostate cancer. Hyperthermia is gentle heating of the prostate which we know synergizes with the effectiveness of the radiation. This is commonly done in many malignancies to improve outcomes, especially in patients who have recurrent cancers. So in summary, high-dose rate brachytherapy allows us to treat outside of the lines and hyperthermia allows us to improve treatment outcomes in the hardest to treat patients.