 Vocabulary Builder – The Olympics In today's lesson you're going to learn some general vocabulary for talking about the Olympics, as well as specific vocabulary for summer and winter sports. One tradition at the beginning of the Olympic Games is bringing the Olympic torch through the host city, the city where the games will be held, to light the flame at the arena. The general word for someone who does sports is an athlete. Olympic athletes learn from and train with some of the best coaches or trainers in the world. Some Olympic sports are team sports. The word for the other people on your team is teammates. Olympic athletes compete for the gold, silver, and bronze medals, and a person who wins is called a medalist. During the medal ceremony each medalist stands on a podium and the national anthem, official national song, of the gold medalist's country is played. When a particular athlete or team is expected to win they are called the favorite, and someone who is at a disadvantage or who is not expected to win is called the underdog. Sometimes the underdog manages to pull off a surprise victory. If an athlete performs an event better than anyone else in history he sets a new world record. The Olympics are a chance to demonstrate good sportsmanship. That's a person's behavior and attitude while participating in sports, especially fair play and courtesy. An example of good sportsmanship is an athlete who lost congratulating the winners. An example of poor sportsmanship is screaming and cursing after a defeat. Unfortunately some athletes resort to doping, using drugs to improve athletic performance, which is not allowed. If it's discovered the athlete is disqualified, declared to be removed from the competition. Olympic athletes should remember that they are role models, examples that many people, especially younger people, observe and imitate. In addition to the Olympics there are also the Paralympics for athletes with disabilities. Let's learn some vocabulary for specific sports in the summer and winter Olympics. For a full list you can visit www.olympic.org slash sports. Winter Olympics Two sports that involve snow are skiing and snowboarding. There are actually three types of skiing. Alpine skiing, more commonly called downhill skiing, is done on a slope, an incline, whereas Nordic skiing, commonly called cross-country skiing, is done on a flat surface. In freestyle skiing or ski jumping, the skier goes downhill to pick up speed, then goes off a ramp and flies through the air. In bobsled teams of two or four people race down an icy track in a sled. This is the general word for a vehicle that slides on snow or ice. Luge is similar, but it uses a different type of sled with one or two people. And in the sport called skeleton, the athlete lies face down on the sled and goes down the track head first. Three sports that are done on an ice rink are speed skating, figure skating and ice hockey. Speed skating is a race, a competition where the fastest athlete wins. In figure skating the skaters perform artistic jumps and spins and in ice hockey each team uses their sticks to get the puck into the goal. Summer Olympic sports Athletics or track and field is a general category that includes many different events, sprints, running short distances very fast, hurdles jumping over barriers, relays, races in which the runners hand off a baton to a teammate to continue the race, as well as jumping and throwing events such as the pole vault, the discus throw and more. Gymnastics is another general category. It involves acrobatic events such as the balance beam, the uneven bars, the vault and the rings. Gymnasts also do a floor routine in which they perform various flips, jumping and turning in the air. Three sports done in the swimming pool are diving, water polo and synchronized swimming and there are many outdoor water sports such as rowing and sailing. A few more interesting sports in the summer Olympics are archery shooting at a target with a bow and arrow, equestrian which is the art of horseback riding and fencing the sport of fighting with swords. For more vocabulary builder lessons register for the vocabulary builder course now available at espressoenglish.net