 the human gut microbiome plays a key role in the development of cancer and the efficacy of various treatments. Recent research suggests that manipulating the gut microbiome could potentially enhance the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments such as immunotherapies, chemotherapies, radiation therapies, and surgeries. Despite the promise of these findings, there are still many unanswered questions about the exact mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the interactions between the gut microbiome and cancer and to develop targeted approaches for optimizing the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article was authored by Lin Yong Zhao, Josh and Mai, Gan Yu, and others.