 As you can see, today's session, basically, to give you an outlook and approach on how you can plan your next 100 days. If you haven't spent the last 100 days properly, the next 100 days actually doesn't matter at all. But still, with the assumption that you have spent the last 100 days properly, let me give you an idea of what you can do for the next 100 days, right? So, as I can see here, we also have students who are not enrolled with us as well. So, may I know if there are people here who already have prior experience with problems? Prior problems? Yes. All right. Okay. And online as well. So, good evening to online students. You can, for online students, if you have any doubts, you can text to my ID, okay? I've logged in as Atheer Krishnan. Please don't send it to the administrator. So you can send it to me. So we have different groups of students here, the group. We have people who have already given problems, who would have already cleared problems because people clear two problems and fail in the third problems as well. Are you aware of that? It happens. People clear this exam and fail in the next problem as well. It happens as well because of CSAT, right? So, we do have a mixed group of audience here. So, what I'll do is, I'll first address something that's common, a common priority for everybody, which is actually the CSAT paper, right? And then I'll go into the general studies paper, okay? Because year after year in CSAT, I do find students who actually cross 120 in GS, but failing to make it through problems only because of CSAT. And they all, and it also includes students from really good engineering colleges as well who are good at mathematics. And they fail to cross 66.6 marks. Okay? At the same time, we have also students from complete humanities background who actually make it through CSAT. Okay? So it's becoming more paradoxical. So, let me try to attempt to explain why this problem happens and what you can actually do to avoid this problem and you can comfortably sail through CSAT paper. Okay? So, I believe you have already started giving CSAT tests, right? And you would be judging yourself, you would be knowing where you stand strong and which are the areas which are constantly pulling you down. By now, you would start having got, getting an exposure to, exposure to that, right? So, do you actually have a strategy? Without a strategy, most of all, you might even fail in CSAT paper. Okay? That's the truth. You will soon realize it if you don't have a strategy. So better you have a strategy. So can I get some plan of action? What is that you have in your mind for the upcoming CSAT paper? How do you plan to take it forward? Do you have your identified areas where you actually have a tendency to score more? Do you have such a plan as such? It's very low. Or for others, what about others? Is my voice loud and clear or is it very feeble? For those who are joined online, voice is loud and clear. Okay. All right. So I guess it's all fine at my end. If something is an issue, please check at your side as well. Okay. So, yeah, yourself, tell me, what is your plan? Okay. Okay. What else is left out? We have said everything. Reading comprehension. Go on. Logical reasoning. Okay. Have you analyzed previous CSAT paper? Started to analyze. Okay. All right. Yeah. That's not your thought. Forget about reading comprehension. If you want to go on Macs, you will clear this exam. Then what if the puzzle go away? Keep solving it, solving it. You'll get stuck. Keep on getting stuck. One of the process is gone. Now you approach reading comprehension. Okay. 10 questions you'll attend. Eight will go wrong because you're working in the crunch of time. Okay. That's where you don't have a strategy. First solve Macs and then come to reading comprehension. You should not do that. Okay. Let me tell you, UPSC wants people who can actually read the bill because the nature of the job that you're going to do involves a lot of reading. So it will make sure it will eliminate people who try shortcuts to avoid reading comprehension. Okay. So never try to outsmart UPSC with such kind of strategies. Yes, it may work. I'm not saying it will not work. It will work for somebody who's super good in mathematics. Okay. But if you are not so good, if you have not been a 99 percentile guy in CAT exams, no, then you better forget about all those strategies. Okay. Most probably UPSC can just make a small twist in a math question and it can make it tremendously tough for you to deconstruct the problem. Okay. So don't have such a kind of a template approaches because somebody has told you the reason why people tell you that focus on Macs and forget about reading comprehension is because that is something that cannot be taught in a class. So they have to justify their existence and so they naturally tend to say that focus on Macs reading comprehension and leave it because you cannot get it exactly right. Who said so? No, you can actually get it exactly right. You read it properly. How to read editorials properly? You will actually get the tone of the passage correct. Okay. So the first advice that I would give you with C-SATS never tend to have some kind of a indoctrinated shortcut approach thinking that that will help you clear this examination. It's not going to work. Number one, be an all rounder. Be well rounded in both reading comprehension as well as in every other area. Okay. You need to be, you need to be aware of every area. Some areas we can be very strong. Some areas we can be less strong. Okay. For example, permutation and combination, you can, if I always feel that I'm not so good in that permutation and combination, you know, but for somebody that could be a strong area. Whereas you may be weak in probability. Right. So everybody has a differential areas where we are comfortable, but don't tend to ignore an area completely and think that without being proficient in that, I can still make it through. No, it's not going to happen. Okay. And I'll tell you, Matt's question, last year's CSAT paper, actually reading comprehension was not that difficult. Okay. The year before that, RC was actually quite tough. Passages were very abstract, arriving at the right inference from a very abstract philosophical idea becomes difficult. But last year's CSAT papers, every question is every passage is quite straightforward. These are not abstract ideas. Okay. You may focus on mathematics completely because you have trained yourself and all your test series that you'll keep on focusing on Matt's question, Matt's question and all the test series, we're able to get 85, 90 same practice. You take it to UPSC hall, you will end up failing. Okay. So don't have such approaches. You experiment and find it out what actually works. Okay. So let me give you an approach first with CSAT and CSAT for those with humanities background. If you're really scared of mathematics and all, let me bust the fear by showing to you there are 20 questions in mathematics which are very simple. You don't really need to work out extensively and all because I've seen some CSAT classes and CSAT questions and all, which involves a lot of factorial and all those problem solving skills, which actually are not needed to clear UPSC CSAT paper. Okay. Here, without knowledge of any formula, you can still clear it comfortably to safe margin. I'll show you how it is done out of 80 questions in CSAT. I have found out from the last year's papers analysis, I'll show you what those questions are as well. At least there are 20 map questions, which are so simple. You only need to have that spark in you to break down. Okay. If you can do that, you get the answer right. You don't really have to have complex mathematical formula, summation, n factorial series, converging series, diverging series and all those things don't need that at all. Okay. Provided, if you can get those 20 questions right, you already have 50 marks in CSAT paper and from 24 passages, passage questions, you only need to get 16 more marks. So even if you attend 10 passage, you get six or seven right. Right. You get six or seven right. You get four wrong. You can still clear it and with 20 easy math questions. Okay. So CSAT is actually not a difficult paper at all. Let's see how it is. So this is my breakup. So yesterday night, I was just working through last year's paper, finding out what kind of questions they are, what kind of skills it involves to solve them. 44 questions are, I mean, okay, 24 is from reading comprehension, which I feel all 24 are easy only even leaving aside the 24 questions coming to the least 20 questions from all these different areas. So this is the breakup. We'll see those questions where you don't actually need great mathematical skills as such. You just need to be cool at that moment. Okay. You have to apply logic or at least you draw a diagram and you work out. You will get the answer right. Okay. These are as simple questions as the remaining questions. Let's leave it. It of course involves some good mathematical skills and all that. Okay. So when we already have questions, so the point in the exam, you're going to write this year is you should be able to differentiate between questions which are difficult and easy. Not knowing that this is an easy, this is a difficult question. You end up thinking, thinking, thinking three, four minutes goes away. You should be cautious that this should not happen in the exam and that's why you have to practice through tests. The skill of identifying which are the difficult ones which you're not supposed to even touch in the exams to hone up those skills. That's why you need to write a lot of tests. It's not to finish a test, learn that formula, thinking that the same kind of problem if it is given, you'll be able to use that formula. No, the problem may be differently worded. You will not even realize that it is this formula which will have to be used in this particular problem. UPSC is capable of doing such wording of the questions. Okay. So it's not through memorizing formulae, you're going to crack this paper. Okay. But it is through identifying that there are so many simple questions. So let's say total 80 questions, 24, 44, you still have another 36 questions, right? 36 questions may be of the difficulty, moderate to difficult. Reminding 20 questions are simple questions. So basically, if you every third question you come across, you should be able to solve it or what I'm trying to say is even if you leave two questions continuously, you should not feel threatened. You should not feel scared that, oh my God, I'm leaving two questions. No, the third question is all that you need to solve. Approximately. So you should actually be in a position where you maintain your cool even after leaving out two questions, not even knowing how to break that. It's okay. There is a third question where you'll be able to get the answer, right? You only need 20 questions altogether to really score well in mathematics. 20 to 2.5s, 50 months, right? Another 15 more marks is after all that is needed. Can you not get it from reading comprehension? You can. So don't worry about the remaining 36 questions. Okay. But if you go with the mindset that I have been told that Max is everything, RC is something that I have been trained to leave it. So let me focus on Max. Let me focus on Max. When you go with that mindset, what you do with you even start focusing on these questions also unnecessarily. Right? So that's why my first idea that I will give you was the examination hall. It's okay to start with mathematics first, but make sure after one hour, immediately you start doing reading comprehension. Don't keep on doing till the last mathematic problem and then think that you will come to the reading comprehension part. Not more than one hour. And I'm very sure after seeing these questions within one hour easily you can finish these 20 months, 20 questions. 50 months you can guarantee the first one. If you know which questions as soon as you see, you better leave it and go away. All right. For example, in the same sequence based questions, there are these three types of questions which are asked. Okay. Last year's questions. I used to actually feel very good about myself when it comes to solving these sequence and puzzles. But last year's question when I saw that, I'm actually still not able to find out what is the logic of this. Okay. Not able to figure out. Maybe you may be able to figure it out. But what I would do is I would forget this question instead of only focus on this question. So what I will do is this question says arrange alphabets in the reverse order. Okay. So write a b c d e f g h till Z. Write it reverse again. Now you'll see where which alphabet corresponds to and when you do like that, you get the answer, right? It will actually take you not more than two minutes to do. Then you have this. Why worry about. Right. So you should be smart enough to pick up this question instead of focusing on this. Even I would have, I think I would have really spent around 40, 50 seconds with this question before I arrived at a conclusion that, okay, let me leave it and move on. That is the difference. Whether you spend 40 seconds on it or whether you're spending four minutes on it. Because in all through your tests, you have been trained that all sequence questions, you have been getting it right. So your mind automatically, your conscience, your subconscious believes that it is this area, which is your scoring area. Okay. So be flexible. Right. Don't be rigid that this is what you are. No. Right. You will get more opportunities. So be open to that. Similarly here in the series a b a b c. Just look at that. Which letter appears at the hundredth place? Anybody can you tell me this? Okay. One of you has answered it as H. I don't know. But okay. Can you please type the logic? How did you figure it out as H? Is there any sequence here? Okay. a a b a b c a a b c a b c d a b c d e. Okay. This is the logic. Somebody has figured it out. Right. Okay. So. Okay. Then how does it happen to be? H happens to be the 100th position. Maybe there could be some kind of a mathematical reasoning here. Right. Some kind of series or some some principle should be there. Okay. But can I can you understand what I'm trying to point out? Yes. Somebody is able to do that. But not everybody might be able to do that. But even if you're not able to do that. Don't even have slightest worry about it because this is not among the 20 questions. Okay. This is among the 20 questions. We have 20 questions which are just so simple as this. So you should just be cautious that you don't end up wasting these kind of questions. If you are good at it. Fine. You can. Yes. One plus two plus three plus four plus five. Okay. So there is somebody who some kind of a mathematical principle. Right. So did it? Did you know that? No. The principle of that series summation and all that. No. It's okay. No problem. So this is there are two questions like this which are among the 20 questions. Easy questions. Not so difficult. Okay. Similarly statements efficiency. This is the area which you actually have to be strong. Okay. Because this is an area where you don't really need so many mathematical skills and all, but you only need to find out if the data that is given alone is sufficient enough to arrive at a conclusion or not. Okay. This is actually a very good scoring area. All questions with the same mindset approach. For example, you consider this question. Consider the question and two statements given below the statements are these. X is a brother of Y. Y is a brother of Z. Statement to X, Y, Z are siblings. Is Z the brother of X? Okay. And first statement alone is sufficient to answer. Second statement alone is sufficient to answer. Both are sufficient. It's not, it's insufficient. What is the answer? Answer is D. Why so? Sister also. Right. So simple, no? Right. So this is how these questions happen to be. All data sufficiency questions, if you can figure it out for this, you'll be able to figure it out for other ones. Right. So data sufficiency, you can actually bank upon it heavily. It will come to your help in the day of the exam. Right. So this is, this could be a strong area like that. You have all these areas where you have simple questions. Okay. So, and when you see such kind of big questions, no, don't get scared. Actually, this is a scary question. Because everything is clearly given here. You just need to write down things. And when you start doing it, you'll actually get the answer easy. Right. With each and every full stop with every, each and every sentence, you will get one, one hint by the time you go through all the six sentences, six or seven sentences, you actually end up getting the answer. So you should not immediately get, look at the size of the question and feel scared. And you feel that, okay, let me leave it. I'll move to simple ones. Simple ones are more tricky. Okay. You should actually, this is easy. It's not so difficult because it says that it has a number A, B, C, D, F, G not necessarily in the order where each letter represents a distinct digit. Okay. Number is divisible by nine. So it means G should be either nine or one. Right. Like that you use each of the number properties. Okay. You take out this one number. The resulting number is divisible by six. If it is to be divided by six, it should be either a multiple of two or eight. Correct. Like that, when you start using the property of number, one of the number, you will find that it is divisible by five, which means that that number is only fine. Nothing else. Right. Like that you can actually get this answer. Right. It will take you one, one and a half minutes to get this answer. Okay. So I don't, I don't want to discuss too much about CSAT as such, but what I just want to point out is for the next hundred days when it comes to CSAT, take all the previous problems questions and make sure for the first one hour, okay, time at one hour, are you able to get 20 mathematics questions? Right. Do this practice first. Right. It will give you the confidence. Oh, yes. For UPSC standard question table within the one hour, I'm actually able to get 20 questions. Right. Once you get that confidence, that itself will help you in the day of the examination. Okay. So let it be UPSC paper or any coaching center paper, whatever it is, you just make sure that one hour, so to get the 20 questions, you should actually be able to move fast over the difficult questions. Right. So all that when you do it, you will be very, very feeling much confident then. So that can be the exercise. So similarly for every area, for every topic, if you see, there would be a difficult question at the same time they're always, so this is a difficult question. Whereas these are very, very simple questions. It's so simple. X and Y start running. Then they go, X turns, right, goes for 60 meters. Y turns left goes for 40. Then both of them turn, go for 50. What is the distance between the two points? 100 meters. X turns, 7 turns are lower questions. Right. You have such kind of questions also. Just make sure you don't end up leaving out these questions because last year's top students experience was after the exam they came and told me, sir, there were so many simple questions, which I did not even attend because I was only focusing on, you know, I was going in an order. Okay. I was going in order thinking I have to solve one and then only have to go next. Your mind will start pressurizing you to not go to the next question without solving it because you have already left some seven, eight questions before. Now you will start feeling the pressure because you left seven questions, the eighth question, whatever happens, you have to solve whatever happens. 10 minutes also you will stand for just two months. But your mind will take you to doing that. Okay. So that's why develop the ability where you feel that after, after the first time, you have to move to reading comprehension. So by the time you finish the first half, you already have 50 marks in your hand. Right. So train yourself like that. Maybe at least weekly one. You solve one full CSAT paper for that in the next 10 weeks or 12 weeks. Okay. You have so you have solved so many tests where in the first one hour you have solved 50 months. You have got assuredly 50 months. Right. Next one or patiently think about reading comprehension. You will definitely get many questions. Right. Once you're done with reading comprehension, then once you're going to match and now take all the difficult questions and start solving. Okay. Because reading comprehension is not something that you should do when your mind is in under pressure. Okay. You will not be able to see things clearly. Okay. And then what happens is you make the wrong choices there. You will not even realize you're making wrong choice. Whereas in mathematics question, you will not make wrong choice because you're not even getting the answer right. So even when you work under pressure, you will not in mathematics question and you're working under pressure. But reading comprehension, there is a great possibility to always go for the wrong, wrong option when your mind is not thinking. Clear. Make sure after the first hour you have to switch over to reading comprehension. Right. So train yourself in the next 100 days. Weekly one full test. Right. Like that ratio is everywhere. Everywhere you have easy questions. Spot them. Spot them. Ask them. Other questions. Forget. Don't even worry a little bit also. Okay. Very, very simple. ABC by three is equal to 40. Average weight of B plus D plus E by three is 42. Now what is the rate of A plus B plus C plus D plus F? Whereas F is equal to B. So instead of F, you have to put it as B. Whereas B plus D plus E is 42. A plus B plus E is 40. So you actually get the answer. Right. You don't even have to use a pen for these kind of questions. Okay. You only need to think. Right. So. All these are simple. Very, very simple. P and Q. Okay. It might appear as if it's a difficult question. What is the P, Q and all that. You know the number property. Okay. P and Q are two digit numbers. Okay. And Q be the number consisting of same digits written in reverse. Okay. And when you multiply those because you end up getting zero. Right. You have to multiply any number by five only then you get zero. Right. So it means that one number should be five. There is only one option which has five on it. You don't even have to do any maths. Right. So it's easy. That's what I'm trying to point out to you. Okay. You see sad is easy. At least getting 50 marks in mathematics is actually very, very easy. You should not be self defeating and push yourself out of these 50 questions on this. All right. Yeah. So with respect to difficult questions, then what can you do? So does it mean that you can simply only focus on the strong areas again and again? Instead of trying to strengthen yourself, you can strengthen yourself. Okay. For example, when you keep doing seesat solving the first one, are you get 20, 25 questions, right? Whatever is left out after the test is over. Now you take those areas. You find out which way the questions that you almost came close and you still were not able to just break it. And that could be some questions which you did not even, you could not even imagine how to break it and simplify it further. Okay. So there are some areas which you will never be able to develop that thinking, even if you start returning now also. So don't worry about those areas. But those areas where you had a slight spark and you just did not know one property because of which the problem suddenly came and got stuck in the middle. You know, those areas try to strengthen them. Okay. Selectively focus areas so that another five questions in the exam might turn out to be right. Okay. Because don't just throw. Don't just fire everywhere now. Okay. That's the time is done for that. Now be more selectively focused. Choose some 56 areas. Only strengthen those areas again and again and again. Hope that two or three or four questions will be helpful for you in the exam from those areas. Okay. So easy areas go for it. Difficult areas try to focus only one type of area focus, sit, work for one week, maybe in 10 weeks you can get your strength into 10 different areas at the maximum and hope for the best in the exam. Okay. But I want you to have the confidence that even without strengthening yourself in those difficult areas, still you will be able to clear the set to build that confidence. That is more important and to build that confidence. Only I say one hour 20 questions. Are you able to get that right? Get into that mode of practice. Yeah. So when you give C status, make sure the discipline is built in. Do not spend more than two or three minutes to a question. Even though it may, you may feel that you are almost near the solution. Still just stop it and go to the next question. That's how you slowly build the discipline. Okay. And yes, focus on both RC and quantitative. So divide one hour, one hour equally and then see how it works. It will, you will be doing it much better. Okay. All right. Coming to general studies. So predominantly the analysis is based on previous year's Questions, but I also taken the year before that 2021 and 2020 problems. Analysis of that will give us a direction on how to Prepare for every subject with upcoming 100 days. Okay. So from the last two years continuously, I find it is History from where the bulk of the questions are asked. The majority questions in both the years are from history. Last year it was 16. The previous year it was 17. Okay. Right. 17 and so 16 and 17 highest. Then comes economy last year 15. But the previous year it was polity with 15 questions. So you find, obviously, so it's the, these four subjects. Okay. Which from where bulk of the questions, most of the Questions are asked out of which history has some really Good weightage around 17 questions. Have you seen the questions of history last year? Are they there in your NCRTs? They're not there. Right. They're all there in optional syllabus books. Okay. So the expectation is even those who end up scoring Clearing problems. Those students who I have seen last year clear Problems and all even their performance in history is Only to score maximum 50 percentage of marks in history Rated questions. So of total of 16 mark questions, even if you can get 15 marks. Okay. 15 to 17 marks. If you're able to get you're actually on the safer side. You're among those who are going to clear this exception. Okay. So you prepare, you have a look at the question paper and Find out what are those areas which actually I can Actually solve and get 15 marks. Okay. So we'll see what, why, why do I say so? In fact, I would say among all these subjects. My option was history. Despite that, when I look at these questions, I don't Think I could have got more than 15% of the. Right. Because the kind of facts that are asked are very, very, Very, very, what do I say? Unheard of facts. You normally do not come across them in your normal Cause of preparation. Because there are so many names that are asked. Okay. And history is such a vast, you only have certain Books which we study, which is after all the tip Of the iceberg of history, right. There are so much, which we do not even come Across. That's why, whenever there are extremely factual questions And history in your examination, better you leave it. Most probably you'll go wrong in those questions, especially It is from ancient and medieval India. At least modern, there's a possibility that you somewhere Or the other you may have heard about it. Because you read two, three books for modern India, NCRTs, instead, you also read spectrum also. Some of you'd also had Bipin Chandra struggle for Independence also. So from a wide reading, at least from three, Four books, definitely the factual base of modern India Everybody would be better off compared to ancient and medieval. Right. So be cognizant that there is a weakness that everybody Will have with ancient medieval. You'll also have it. So for example, yeah, the different types of questions That history, from history are. Questions are asked based on map as well. Okay. Names and personality based. Have you understood the society of that particular period? Events, causes and consequences. It's these which primarily are focused here after you. Right. So these are all the names. Yoga, Vashishta. Okay, Aryadeva, Nannuka. Right. You would not even have heard about it. Okay. Not possible. Okay. So don't worry about it. And the more challenging is when this is asked, How many pairs are correctly matched? One pair, two pair. That's where the difficult part lies. Okay. Even at least if they would have given one, two, three, One and two, maybe we can play around with the option Eliminate two, then take, go for it. But here, most knowledge is going to go wrong. So be aware. This is not the area which you should actually attend. Okay. So you should actually practice this in your test itself. In your test itself, when you take random blind items And if it goes right, if you feel happy about it, You will not learn about it. You'll not learn about your weakness. You will not learn from the mistakes. So that's why don't think that you should maximum get As much marks as possible in these tests that you're at. These tests are learning about your own personality. Right. So try avoiding these kinds of questions, Even starting from your test series. Okay. Don't simply take a blind that I'm thinking that, Okay, everything seems good. All pairs. All four pairs. You can see it will not work. Okay. So resist. This is those urge. You see, this is a map-based question that I asked. Right. We all know about Ajanta, Elora, paintings, which era the Paintings are, what is the imagery that is depicted, What colors are used, pigmentation, themes depicted, All that is fine. But look at UPSC's way of asking. What is that valley that is located? You see, that's how geography is linked with history. Similarly, in 2021, there was a question asked. Five different empires were given. And the question that was asked was, Which of these empires are empires of North India? Right. Guptas of Magadh. Yadavas of Devgiri. Okay. Pushyabhuti is of Tanesher. Right. And many options were given. You can actually, when you, Prime office, when you look at the question, it appears to be, Oh my God, I have not even heard of these dynasties. Who are they? Okay. I only know about Maurias. I know Guptas, not Guptas of Magadh. Suddenly you hear about Pushyabhuti's of Tanesher. A common non-history option student might find it to be a bit challenging. But the question is actually not so challenging. If only you knew that Magadh, it's in North India. If only you know Devgiri, it's not in North India. When you look at other options, from the options, you'll be able to eliminate. But you need to actually know this fact that Devgiri is somewhere in central India. It's not in North India. But for that, when you came across Devgiri in your history books, immediately you should actually look at the NCRT maps. Okay, where is Devgiri? You know that curiosity should actually take you to that map. Right. So from now onwards, when you start revising your history, make sure you simply don't read the text alone. Also, that's what the places map. At least get a glimpse. Spatial orientation must be there. Okay. UPSC has asked such... It's focusing on these kind of questions only. Last year, I mean, in 2021, there was another question. Which of the following are ports of British? Okay. Surat was one. Next was Trichinopoli. Third was Chikakul. Okay. It was given. Okay. Do you know what is Trichinopoli? North Indians. Do you know? What is it? You will not know. South Indians. What is it? Trichy. Is it a port? It's not a port. It's interior. Right. So we will be able to eliminate it. But what about Chikakul? Chikakul is the old name of Sri Kakulam. Okay. In British records, it is written as Chikakul. Okay. And UPSC asks you like that. Right. So. But I think that question can be solved only with the knowledge of Trichinopoli. The options are given like that. Okay. So that's why I say focus on map. Okay. Tomorrow it may not be Trichinopoli. It could be Baranpur. Okay. Then South Indians might not know where is Baranpur. Okay. So that's why make this so that you can learn from the way of UPSC's questions. Like, you see, Dauli. We read about Ashoka's inscriptions and all. But how many of us would have taken the care to immediately look at the map and find out in which state it is located? Right. Of course, history obstacles wouldn't do that. But what about general studies groups? Why don't you do it as well? Because UPSC is expecting you to have an idea about it. Right. You don't need to have knowledge about all the inscriptions and where they are located. But at least the major ones, you should. Okay. UPSC is testing you for that. Don't simply be conventional. Okay. Don't go on in the conventional mindset that only NCRT's I revise, revise, revise tests. I'll give as many number of tests. I'll go and learn from this. This gives you more indication, better indication of how to proceed. So these type of questions, I would say I would not even attend these questions at all. Because of this, which is the problem. Okay. There's a high probability of going. I better leave it. Very factual. Most probably I would not even have heard about it. Leave it. No idea. Okay. But you can think about it. This probably I would have got it right. Okay. Among this, this is the more manageable one, which is actually possible at your end. You have your Ashoka's inscriptions. But these and all, you would not even have heard who these people are. In NCRTs, I don't think these names are even given. Okay. All dynasties might not be given. Okay. So that's why I say in history, even if you get 40% questions right, 40% of the marks of history, if you get it right, you're actually on the safe side because you still have quality. Economy where you'll be able to get 80, 90 percentage questions. Right. Okay. So. Start focusing build, build in the skill, build in the skill of knowing what I should actually study from now onwards. Okay. Don't simply take the book and read it again. Don't take your class notes and read all the class notes again. It's all not going to work at all. When I come to geography, you'll understand. From all your NCRPs, they were only, I think two questions were asked. Nothing more than it. Okay. All other questions in geography and all it is all based upon map. Most questions are only based upon reverse reservoirs which are located in and around the reverse. Okay. Very, very physical map based questions have been asked. Then it makes the entire reading of NCRTs redundant. Of course, reading NCRTs is necessary to gain the basic idea of what is a river and all, but with the basic ideas alone, you will not be able to go any further in the upcoming years. That's the direction UPS is hinting to aspirants. Right. You will get to know more when I discuss about geography. So these are all easy questions. Okay. From modern India, I find pretty much the questions are easy. Okay. They are not so difficult as it is. Okay. These are all directly there in your, the penchandra. Okay. The other party when you read the chapter, you have all the names which is, which is there. These are all very simple. Modern India pretty much becomes simple. The problem is only in ancient and medieval. Okay. So try to leave it if, if you, if you think that it's risky. Right. So the plan is focus on places, personalities, events, map location in modern India alone because you cannot actually focus on personalities, names, events in ancient and medieval. There is just so many, so many writers have been there in history. You cannot go and read each about each of them, but modern India is more possible. Okay. You know, settlements of various colonizers, where have they settled? What were the primary trading outposts, primary factory locations? Important wars, where have they happened? Correct. So like that, it's much more easier to read about personalities, places, events for modern India, but not so possible for ancient medieval. Right. So complete and revise NCRTs and standard books of modern India be really good. Yes. For ancient and medieval, what you can do is just keep facing questions. Keep facing questions so that you understand there is a particular type of poetry which actually exists. At least have some hearsay knowledge of what that is actually about because from now onwards, it is not possible for you to directly go to NCRTs and then start getting to the depth of each and everything. Right. For the purpose of getting the broadest exposure in the shortest span of time, focus for ancient and medieval from whatever tests you give, keep giving many tests, find out answers for those questions. At least with that, learning now go to the examination because it doesn't make economical sense to master ancient and medieval or NCRTs from now onwards. Okay. If you have already mastered it, fine. Go and revise it. But even then there will be a lot of questions that will be asked outside these standard books. That's why face questions that will be much more worthwhile in preparing for ancient and medieval. It's always keep, I'm not saying a different map as such. Even in the NCRTs, whatever map is there. Right. There will be hundreds of maps in NCRTs. History NCRTs. Look at the map. Okay. Look at the map. Look at, look into the boxes, the small, small boxes that are given in your NCRTs, new NCRTs. Right. Those are interesting areas from where UPSC spawned the asking questions. Okay. Even Batuta when he had come to India, what was his accounts that will be given in a small box. But that's where the primary source of history lies. So no wonder UPSC is interested to ask questions from those boxes. Right. Boxes at the end of the chapter, there are activities. Right. So do all that. That law will sharpen your understanding and skills for problems. This is more very, very important. Don't be tempted to attend unnecessary factual questions. You will most probably not know about it. So if you don't know it, then still you're attending. It's a wrong mindset, isn't it? Just that temptation there. Why? Because after choosing all the questions, now you find that, oh my God, I have only attended 45 questions. So this, how will I clear? So now let me take a random attempt. No. Even if you fail in this exam, you should learn something out of the failure. Okay. So don't do things which will not teach you anything. You, because you already know that you should not choose random things. Okay. So at least when it comes to history, okay, I'll, maybe I'll be a little bit different in science and tech. I'll be slightly different in saying opinion when it comes to environment because environment just from the name that is given, you'll be able to make a lot of guesswork. Okay. Bio rock. You may not have heard about it, but still when you look at the options, there will be only one option which is actually close to biology and rock. Okay. From that, still you can make something out of it, but history. Okay. Who's Nanooka Chandila? Can you make a guess? You cannot make a guess. You either know it or you don't know it. It's a fact. So try to do this. Get at least 50% marks in history. Nothing more is expected. Okay. Even when you give your tests, aim for this. Am I able to cross this 50% threshold? All right. Quality. I can divide the 12 questions asked this year in quality. Last year it was 15. This year it was 12. For online students who have doubt, I'll address your queries at the end. Okay. Please raise your hands. Keep note down your doubts and then we can have discussion on your queries. So. Quality. 12 questions asked this year. 15 asked last year. Last year's question paper was a bit tricky than this year's paper. This year's paper quality question is much simple. Okay. Out of 12 questions, I would say 10 questions are easily manageable only from NCRTN. Let's move on. Okay. One question I can say it is outside your standard framework itself. We cannot do anything about it. One, maybe from outside your standard textbooks, but still you can do something and manage. Right. So I'll leave it all. The NCRTN, Lakshmikanth questions, 10 questions. Very simple. So I don't need to say anything more on that. I would say it is actually possible to get all these questions. Right. So questions that are outside your standard textbook. This is from rules of procedure. Okay. This is a question from rules of procedure. This is about with reference to deputy speaker of Lok Sabha consider the following statements. What is the difference between this? I have marked some questions that's outside standard textbook. This is outside standard framework. Outside standard textbook. This you can still get it right. Standard framework itself is you cannot get it right at all. So better you leave it. Right. So this is just outside your standard textbook. But you know who's a speaker, you know deputy speaker, you know whether deputy speakers post his mandatory or not, you know parliamentary procedures regarding everything. With all that you can actually get this answer. Right. You don't really need to know the exact provision regarding deputy speaker as how it is given in rules of procedure. You don't need to know that. But with a mixture of all the ideas surrounding parliament, you can get this answer. Right. You have to just get it right by knowing that speaker will not move any motion in the Lok Sabha. Speaker is a person who will accept a motion that is being. There is no way why speaker should move a motion. If you can know that logic, who moves a motion and the process of how emotion is admitted, how it is discussed, how it is adopted. You will understand speaker has no role in introducing any motions. With that you can actually eliminate this option and you end up getting the right answer. Okay. That mandatory provision, you will be able to eliminate it. Who is not there? So it should be one and three as the answer. Okay. Like that. So this is an answer which you can get right, but it is also okay to not even attempt this. But it is definitely not. Okay. If you did not get all these questions right because this is where almost everybody is going to clear problems will get all these kind of questions. Right. So you should not fall behind where everybody is able to. March ahead. But this is an area where maybe out of two questions. Some people may get one and one right. So you can even afford to not attempt this at all. Okay. If you want to play very safe, you are not going to be in any of these areas. Even leave it unadapted. But questions outside standard framework, you cannot actually do anything about it. Right. Because you would not even have heard about all these things. It's okay. Nobody would know. Right. Even this is the last year's questions that is outside standard framework. The previous year there was a question on Gopal Swami Ayyongar committee had recommended for a separate ministry for personnel, you know, such kind of questions were asked. We would not even have heard what is that committee, but it's okay. You can leave it and go away. There are other questions that are outside standard framework. So your priority in the upcoming days when it comes to quality. Right. Make sure whatever tests you give. Okay. See from now onwards, you're going to give 50 questions every day. Okay. Whether you join a test series or you take free question papers, keep solving it, whatever you do, you must have 50 question practice every single. So that in the next 100 days, you will solve at least 5000 questions. Right. So when you do all that, make sure whenever you solve quality questions, you should gradually progress and one day, the day before your exam, you should come to a point where all quality questions from ncrt and Lakshmikanth, you get everything correct. Okay. That is your only goal. Your goal is not to strengthen here. This will automatically come up. When this happens, there is a skill that will build slowly, which will help you in this area. But this is not in our hands and should not be in our concern. Okay. So focus on solving questions, make a lot of mistakes because quality is a subject where it's completely memory oriented, memory in the sense recollection based. Okay. It's very easy to understand it. If I teach you how president is removed, you will understand it, but will you be able to remember it two days later? That's the query question. So make sure remembrance happens. Okay. You're able to bring it. You're able to fetch your stored memory and get the options right. So revision, constant revisions. Lakshmikanth is the book which should become soiled. Okay. We should make it brownish in color before you give your problems. What I mean is so many revisions have happened. Okay. So if you do that, you will automatically get all the standard questions. Right. Improve accuracy. So when it comes to quality, accuracy has to be improved. Which are the taxes that are not a part of divisible pool of resources? Four options can be given. You should be very, very specific about knowing everything. Okay. What are the four different definitions of money bill? UPSC has asked it. In 2019, the question was, which is the correct definition of money bill? Exactly article 110, the four clauses were put in there. Do you know it correctly or not? Slide difference was made. So precision matters a lot when it comes to quality and the precision comes when you make a lot of mistakes. So start making a lot of mistakes, which means start attending at least 50 questions every day. Okay. When you attend 50 questions, no. When you make a mistake, please don't stop it with the answer key alone. Don't think that I make a mistake. I look at the answer key. Oh, this is the answer for it. That's not preparation. When you make a mistake, go to that part in the textbook and read the entire part. Okay. At least two, three pages in and around that you should be reading it. Not simply knowing the one word answer for this. That's the waste of time. But in and around surrounding that, what all is there from there? Some question will come in problems because you have made a mistake and now you went and started learning it. You had a search a reason why you now learn because in classroom, you don't make a mistake. It's just delivery. There is no reason for you to learn. But when you make a mistake, now you are in speaking mode. You search. Search. You are searching for an answer. That answer will permanently remain. Okay. So build that need that need comes only by solving questions and making mistakes. All right. Forget about this. Don't waste your time reading government schemes, government bodies. Not a single question is asked in the last three years. Okay. Because UPS is reserving it for means, not for problems. Okay. New bodies, any law, what is amendment that has happened? Not at all. Last UPS is instead more focused on do you actually understand the concept of equality even better or not? Okay. Do you understand what is the best safeguard for citizens liberty? Committed judiciary will be an option given, which is actually a wrong option. So UPS has very wonderful ways of testing. So that's why build your conceptual base with quality intent. Build it strong. And quality is one area which is very confined from article one to article property. There is a boundary. So it means that you can be more certain about and more predictable about the questions that will be asked unlike history. That's why you have to compensate for the loss that you're going to have in history by having a stellar performance in quality. Okay. And that is very easy because from the past track record, you can see 90% questions are only from these areas. Right. You get good score here. So focus do this. I'm sure you will do well in quality. Okay. Moving on science and what should you be doing for science and tick? Different kinds of questions are asked. Some are merely awareness based. Some get into the depths of your science knowledge. Okay. And some with some deduction common sense, you can actually get it right. Okay. So these are core science concepts. Why water water is universal solvent and all such questions. What should be done to face all science based questions perfectly right start focusing on your six standard. This is the only subject for which I would suggest to you. You start from six standard and work your way up to 10. There are so much in six and seven things which you may actually not know about when it comes to science. Right. For history, geography. No, I would say that you can only stick to the higher class textbooks. But when it comes to science start from six, there is so much about fractional distillation that you will find in seven standard textbook, which you may not actually have an idea. Right. Basic properties of liquids in six standard book. You will have it. What is capillarity? You will have it. Okay. So it's a very good time to take your lower books. Study them and take NCRT tests for science. Solve it fast so that your NCRT knowledge for sciences really built. At least 30% of the questions every year in science and tech will belong to this fundamental science category. Okay. This is all regarding awareness. Recent days. Are you hearing anything in the recent days in and around you regarding science? This should have been taken care by now with your newspaper reading habit. Even otherwise, it is for this area your compilations of any academy will be useful. Okay. The compilations will not will not be able to teach you these. They cannot teach you basic science, but they can teach you awareness. Okay. A missile testing has happened. The missile can go and strike a extra stellar object. Right. So what is that everything described and UPSC will only ask you what is fractional orbital bombardment system and the four options are so different that you will be able to get the answer. Right. Even if you have just been exposed to that word. So the point is for facing the questions in science and tech, which tests your awareness about how you heard of this term. See, UPSC is not going to go too deep into quantum computing. But UPSC is only aware. Have you heard of this term somewhere? Yes. Anybody could have heard about quantum computing would have known about that this is a term that we have come across in the context of quantum computing. Right. So it's such a superficial level awareness parts which gets tested. So the expectation ideal expectation is your strength with current affairs as you have learned from Hindu paper and a lot of browsing. But now it's time. So you cannot actually go and read the Hindu paper again. Take the compilations. Okay. Just take the signs and tech parts. Read them. This part you can manage with compilations. Okay. And these are questions which I don't think you will you will not read about these definitely in your NCRTs. And these are not something you would have heard about LED bulbs. Everybody sees LED bulbs. But you would not have known whether it produces 360 degree light or not. Right. These are the questions where and please in signs and tech know don't just simply go for an option that has all the above. Okay. That's a very wrong way of going for it because you feel that everything looks nice. Okay. But it need not mean that it will be the right answer for that question. Okay. There is no link between solar flares and forest fires. Okay. But if you go for it thinking that everything seems to be. Heat solar and all that. Right. You may trick you into doing all that. And here also. One two three is wrong answer because LED lamp produce not 360 degrees only 180 degrees one. This should either it is three or two. Okay. And as street lights sodium lamps have longer lifespan than LED. No way. Yes. So when you look at this question, you may not know this option first. You only know this option perfectly right. Right. In our homes. We change the mercury vapor lamp in candles and bulbs often vapor lamps are changed off. But LED long life. Right. So this is definitely something that is wrong. Eliminate two. We have three only. And one and three. Now there is a difficulty here. Okay. So use some logic. Even if you're able to eliminate this. Immediately you should know that one two three is not the correct answer. Okay. But without even thinking like that students tend to feel. Okay. Science and tech. I am a history student. So I've been told that if science and tech go for a all options. Most probably they're all correct. Otherwise why would you be a secret. No. If you also. Right. It has so many reasons why you would give all you all this questions. So. Science and tech. What should be your approach. Your approaches. Build awareness. From compilations in the next hundred days. Revise. Fundamentals of science from NCRT by solving NCRT question question papers. With that. 60% questions you will become familiar with in science. There will always be 30 to 40% questions which will be of this. Nature where independent individual skill will come into play in getting these questions. Right. Because this is not all to do with your browsing ability. Your curiosity. Right. These are curiosity based. So I cannot give us solution to tackle these questions as such. If you are interested normally you would automatically be searching for answers for these things already in your mind. Okay. But still. For science. If this is the ratio of questions you can get it. You are actually on the very, very safer side. But even if not 70 to 80% I'm very sure. By awareness. By good fundamentals of science. You can get 60% of the patience. Right. Okay. And make sure you are careful and handling these type of questions where you are not aware of. In science and all don't think you can make a guesswork in a sense. How can telephone wires lead to emission of magnetite particles? No way. Okay. You cannot think like that. There could be a research paper which would have been done. Scientists would have found that telephone cables are emitting small ion devices. And you can do that. You can do that. You can do that. You can do that. And you can do that. Okay. But the problems are emitting small ion particles. Magnetite dust is being emitted. This was a question asked in 2021. Which of the following results and emission of magnetite dust? Okay. Car break shoes. Engine cylinder piston. Third is telephone cables. Fourth is microwave oven. Okay. You cannot think magnetite is ion dust. How does it come? Break shoe. Possibly. Yes, it can happen. Engine cylinder friction is there. It can happen. Telephone cable. No way. No way it is not going to happen. But actually it happens. Okay, so scientists have found it out, right? So that's why don't make Guesses understand you only have a very limited knowledge about The world, right? People are delving so Deep into understanding nature. Correct? So you're not learning your understanding about the nature is very Limited, right? So be very careful when you make Guests work in science, especially with respect to applications You may not actually have an idea about it. You may think that a particular chemical is poisonous. Okay, it may have the word cyanide in it. You may immediately assume that it is poisonous, but one of the Applications could be lipsticks. Okay, you never know, right? So never assume when it comes to science. Understand that learning is limited. It is better to leave It unattemptive than making complete blunder and don't Think that, okay, I have eliminated two options here. It is either three only or one in three. Sodium lamps produce light at 360 degrees, but it is not so In the case of LED lamps. No, no, no, when I switch on LED Lamps in every room, light is all in it. That should not be Don't attribute false assumptions about things that You don't know. So yeah, awareness based questions Awareness based areas focus on the compilations. Usually I always suggest who not to read compilations That is the formula in the initial days of your preparation Not in the final days of your preparation. If I would have told in the first Day itself to start reading compilations, you would not Read Hindu paper at all. Reading comprehension will not develop SRIT skills will not develop, answer writing will not develop But now I would not ask you to go and read Hindu paper from the beginning Okay, now is the time to consolidate things. For consolidation, compilations are good They bring into your hand every information that has Some significance in the past. So it saves a lot of time. So by science and tech, especially for those awareness based questions You can go for compilations and this is very important When it comes to science and tech. Do not leave a single ncrt Unprepared. Okay, start from class 6 till class 10 At least 11th, leave it for time being at least 11th is where you have properties of light and all that Concave, convex, which can also be asked in ups Which of the lenses is a virtual image found Concave or convex, such kind of questions are also a possibility You can never say it might not be asked Develop this. All you need to do is just browse So do not go blindly for all the above options. Try to get At least 60, not lower than that. Check You use these benchmarks and check yourself in your tests Are you able to get 60% in your tests that you give in science Are you able to get 80-90% in quality questions in your tests Keep that as a benchmark and keep testing yourself Currently has location and map based Then there are current affairs that are based on organizations and bodies A lot of such kind of questions are asked So my expectation is, it is a very interesting area to prepare If you have been preparing sincerely, if you are interested to read the world news page If you are generally interested to know about the world Then it is an interesting area, you can score good marks But if you have been, see for those who are not reading Hindi web properly There is a slim chance in problems But try to compensate for that from compilations if it is possible The assumption is, the assumption why this discussion happens is Assuming that you are all serious Who has been reading Hindi paper for the last one year At least since you started your preparation So with that assumption only I am saying All these places which were asked These are asked from news that have happened in the last year None of these places are strange places that UPSC has From whatever has happened somewhere in the news UPSC has taken that and asked as a question So you look at this question BDBD is a large refugee settlement in North-Western Kenya Some people who fled from South Sudan Civil War live in BDBD Some people who fled from Civil War in Somalia live in Dada refugee complex in Kenya You cannot learn it anywhere The only way you could have come across it is when it happened And you have spotted it Otherwise there is no way you will learn it And do you think a compilation even if these details are given You will remember BDBD Okay, Kenya, Dada, Kenya Will you be able to remember all that? You will not even focus on it So that is why only if you were reading paper This part becomes comfortable for you So world news side and again Even if you read world, this is actually very easy My days of preparation These are islands between China and Japan Where there is always a maritime dispute Such a simple question is there So you can actually get it right You can get this right Catalonia is not in Italy Anatolia is in Turkey I am not sure about other areas But I think if I was preparing I would have come across these areas in the newspaper Possible I believe So it should definitely not be all four pairs It should definitely be one pair Okay, so whether it is Maybe I am not sure Cabo delgado looks like an Italian name Okay, but Catalonia I am sure it is in Spain It is not in Italy Okay, so you can Even that is also a skill, right? Reductions based on the sounds that you know How do you know those sounds? It is kind of places somewhere in the internet Italian places have these sounding names You know, such kind of some awareness Must be here to work This is very very easy Everybody knew this is a question that is predictable Why because USA withdrew from Afghanistan So everybody would have prepared Afghanistan Where is it? What are all the neighboring countries? Such a predictable question Okay, so I believe Definitely three questions are possible To get it right out of the five questions that are asked from World map based areas Right, and if you are even more serious If you have been reading newspaper I believe even You could have got this question also I think four or leave four We will be even more conservative We will get three questions right Even with that kind of a performance Okay, and this is all regarding international organizations Okay, from international organizations The climate groups international on-profit organizations That drives climate change by bringing large networks I would say this is a Not so easy question to attend You need to be very specifically aware of this Only then you will be able to attend But most people would be aware of these two Right, I am sure international organization Class would have addressed India Which is a member of Which of these bodies Right, so SEO we are a member Missile technology control regime Yes, we have been admitted I am not sure about Asian infrastructure Are we Sure Okay then probably one, two, three will be the answer So if I am sincerely preparing for this exam I am sure I will get these two questions Right, but these two are quite Only if you would have read it in the newspaper And if you remember it or what you have read From the compilation if you are able to remember These two you can get it right Still from various bodies and organizations I believe at least 50% strike rate Is a possibility Okay, actually if you see If I believe 50% is a strike rate here Basically we end up getting 50% As a minimum mark in your prelims, isn't it Right, and then there are quality Economy which is going to pull your marks even more So why should anybody fail in prelims then It should not happen then Correct, it is easy only You have to just Be aware of Areas where you have to focus and get them right Okay So international affairs Is the IEO International organizations, world map And even for mains For GS paper too, you have international relations And bilateral For all that, compilations are really A very useful tool for your preparation Okay, even for your mains also This is one area where compilations Will be useful for you So for Current affairs Compilations regarding World map, international organizations Bodies will be very useful in Preparing Because I'm sure in the compilations They'll give you maps and all Colorful map, water bodies next to them Everything will be given Background of that place So everything that is Required about a place in news You will find it in compilations So this is a go to place for Current affairs part Especially with respect to world news part Spatial orientation of different countries See the When something comes in the news You should immediately see the google map Okay, how does it look like Do you know where Kenya is located Which part of Africa Western Eastern Northern, southern, where is it located Mid-east Correct, that is where it is located Okay, so south Sudan And Kenya might be close to each other With that kind of logic also You can go and get the answer You can try to find it out So that's why whenever There is a world news related article That you come across, immediately search for the map And find out the spatial orientation Your mind should actually have Where is Bolivia, where is Colombia Where is Argentina Orientation must be there Which is A coastal country out of these It's easy only You just have to keep on looking at the map every day It will be etched in your memory So this is important So, yeah Even, and I would say World news is something that you can even start from now also Because If something was in news 3-4 months back It will also be in news now when it comes to world news So even from today in the Hindu paper They come across the world news page Whatever place comes, start, browse Look at the map, study the history What are the important places Just think from A very interested perspective One day you plan to visit those places So what are the important places here Something like that, something that motivates you To know something more about the place From then, by searching like that You'll come to understand what are the Italian sounding names What are the Spanish sounding names Which might not actually be the correct options All those are broad skills Which you develop And for international organization I would say, see these are all questions Which even simple Wikipedia search Whatever you learn is more than sufficient to handle Whether India is a member of these organizations So any international organization I feel the questions that are asked From international organizations Either they are very difficult That you would not even have come across them Last year, in the 2021 paper There was a question asked about right to city Right to city is under what convention Of even some kind of question Which is a very difficult question I don't think anybody would have got that question But with respect to India's membership In multiple forums and all Most probably people will get it There was a question on organization for Turkey states, which of the following countries Are part of organization for Turkey states That was a question asked why because last year Turkey was trying to become the champion Of the Islamic nations It was asserting itself So it isn't that context that question Would have probably been asked So world map Rated areas is something that is actually More predictable, you can predict the type Of questions itself which can actually be asked So don't leave it go wasted That's a strong area for everybody Now geography and environment Okay So these are the different areas From where questions have been asked But that doesn't mean that from Climatology Human geography questions will not Be asked at all, no it will be asked But these are becoming more predictable these days UPSC also knows that If you give four characteristics and ask A dramatic type, students are all getting it right UPSC has found it out Maybe that's why last year There was not a single question on Climatology Last year I would say the only core Questions from geography which can be Spotted from your textbooks Only these two questions, nothing else And what are the other type of Geography questions that are asked That have been asked All map based questions Namcha, Barwa, Nanda Devi What are these wetlands Okay, Gandhikotta Canyon is formed by which of the Following rivers Four questions are asked simply from Physical features, map based Physical features, so your understanding Of physical geography of India should be Very good, leave the world Map and world geography ideas One question we will leave it But India at least All rivers, plateaus Hills, peaks, passes Okay, ranges Across different parts of India Forests Dams and reservoirs Wildlife sanctuaries located Tributaries, distributaries of Major river systems Physically you should be knowing Everything about all these That is what UPSC has been hinting in the last Two years, even the previous year there was a question on Which of the following are east flowing rivers They did not give simple options Ganga, Yamuna, Kaveri They asked you, Brahmani, Baitrani And all those minor Tributaries of Godavari, that was actually asked Right, so Physical relief features Topography is something that UPSC is Focusing with Indian geography UPSC is not so interested in testing you About equatorial climate Doldrums Okay, UPSC knows that students Are nicely trained by coaching centers these days They are very much aware of that But whatever you How much can coaching centers teach you about physical features There are always things that are left beyond that That is why UPSC wants to get into those areas Right, so take your physical map Okay, keep studying Studying that, you can even use your India yearbook also For this purpose I think that would be a good way of studying India yearbook Just for this physical relief and geographical features Right, take plateaus Read all the plateaus Now look at map, browse where is this plateau What is the famous natural reserve that is located In our own area, any important species Is endemic to that region or not You know, such kind of Search, I believe now India yearbook once again becomes relevant For a long time, I was suggesting Students don't read India yearbook, it's a waste of time But for the last two years, since more Focus is now coming on Geography, physical features of India I would suggest you to At least go through it from the geographical point Okay, so these are I would say these are environment questions No What is the right way to prepare Last year's questions Clearly prove UPSC only has asked questions From current affairs regarding environment There was no question on Food web, food chain Primary producers, secondary producers I'm not saying you should not read that You read that, that is your basic foundation Of reading, but UPSC is hinting us a direction that It will ask you strange questions But they are not actually so strange Gushi is mentioned in news See, that's why it's asked It's mentioned in news, why is it mentioned Okay Yeah, it is actually the most expensive mushroom 20,000 rupees per kg Okay, so Very expensive, so that's why it figured in News, it is providing livelihood to a lot of tribal Groups, it's naturally grown It's not artificially cultivated So it was in news Similarly Which of the following is not a bird Yeah, now we know this Okay But on the day of exam, if people would have Followed newspaper, or even from Compilations also, okay Because compilations takes care of that This is a breed of fish, golden musky Which was actually brought out of IUCN list Okay, it's thread Perception has now decreased, so it was brought out Of it, okay How could you have known this I don't think this and all will be there It's a static textbook, right Because the most recommended environment book To read is Shankar Academy When you read that book, it teaches you the foundations But it will not give you what is the recent updates But look at all these questions Okay, almost current affairs oriented Okay, these are all This is all current affairs only I don't know about this Maybe this could be somewhat static also Miyawaki everybody knows They would have all heard about it Okay, method of conservation What is this Many forests in urban areas This everybody knows But these are all because it was in news Just go and search Gushi, Hindu It will be a date January 2022 No wonder it was also in June 2022 Indian market It should have been October 2021 Something that was recently in the last one year So I pretty much believe that Almost all your compilations Would have had news on all these Okay, because it would have come in the news Naturally it would have found its place in compilations Right, so take your environment compilations All the species, fauna, flora Whatever is given in the compilations For the last 12 months Read those details Get aware of what it is Okay, and if you are interested Go and browse more about it Maybe simply the awareness of Golden Mahaseer would have Get this answer right But knowing something More about Gushi Could have helped to differentiate easily Between these two areas Compilation might have given this I am not saying they would not have given Even if they would have missed on something If you would have done your own browsing for 10 minutes Something you would have gathered from the 10 minutes of browsing Which remains in your mind, best to get the answer So for environment is one subject I would ask you to go and refer Compilations, okay So science and tech Yes, you can refer compilations For latest awareness on science and tech Developers Environment for latest species Birds Recent initiatives taken by the Government for regarding wildlife Conservation For such kind of aspects you can read Compilations And this is an area related to Agriculture crops So just take and make a Plan Make sure you know about 10 major crops Not more than that Right, agriculture students will know all this But non-agriculture students we generally don't think about all this Okay, so take 10 crops, rice, wheat Sugarcane, cotton Know everything about that crop Okay, some 10 Major food crops 10 major cash crops UPSC doesn't ask random crops It asks about the major crops The two questions are asked And this is something that I think everybody can answer it Right, methane Which cultivation is known for its methane emissions Rice So two questions were asked only about rice You see, next was about the system of rice intensification What are the problems associated with it Options with it That's why, no more If not, you get both right questions Right, at least if you get one right Unattempted You still can manage a decent 50-70% marks in geography and Engrondment See, if only there were more questions asked from physical geography More questions asked from Geological phenomenon More questions from climatology I would say It was better to get 60-80% Questions, right But now that the questions are more map oriented All these features Geography, optional students alone will be able to do it Decently, they'll be able to handle it better But others, if you're really interested in knowing about All these peaks and if you're aware of it, you can get it right But otherwise it is slightly tricky That is why I'm reducing the expectation to Even if you get 50-70% of This question paper, correct You're still in a very, very safe position Because Normally UPSC aspirants, we'll all prepare well For basic NCRTs GC Leon But not a question that has been asked from Those areas, only two questions were asked So that is why Try to go and prepare beyond that Prepare from, be map oriented Physical features oriented Focus more on physical geography Don't keep on reading the same areas Which you're already strong Now go for newer areas This is something that all of us might not be so strong Read all this But don't forget to revise and become Strong in climatology, basics Volcanism, earthquakes All the basics you should be Strong in This year, there will definitely be a question on Volcanism, plate tectonics There is definitely going to be a question It could be any type of a question They may ask you about which are Even a match the following question could be asked Different zones Volcanic zones will be given and which are the Plates that are responsible for this Volcanic, plate tectonics For Paris may be given, they may ask you Are they correctly matched So you should actually be more watchful About, more factually correct about Seize me city So learn about that even better Yes, compilations for environmental Related current affairs Focus on this You will at least get five questions in your exam Correct if you are good at species and Animals and all that Okay And try Not sure to what extent this can be successful Because this year there was a question asked on Pet Pet models Which we normally use in our life But do we know these facts Probably ethylene teraftalate with reference to that We use in our daily life Consider the following statements and four options are given Okay Difficult to tell That's why this slide you can actually Avoid attempting any of these two questions Okay So How No, it can be stored Can be I thought it will not be stored But it does get stored So basically See When you have such kind of options I think it's indication of some caution If it was one, two, three, one and three But here you see It's all two pairs of options And We are not very sure We may think why It's all glass bottles, beer bottles, liquor bottles We assume Also there Yes So That's why Even I don't know what is the exact answer for this question Okay, so I'm saying that There will be these kind of questions Where you will unattempt No problem But We can now be more cautious Last year UPSE asked you about A chemical called triclosan Is something that we find in our daily lives Where is it Found in our daily lives Toiletries I think So I don't know Until the question was asked So I'm pointing out to you If there is any way you can learn About the common chemicals, carcinogens That find way into our body In our daily lives Even automobile fumes, they may have Some kind of carcinogens Some cyclic compounds, benzene Might be there and automobile exhaust Which can be carcinogenic So like that Get to understand food preservatives Take it as a category How food preservatives affect human lives Learn about them, you may come across chemicals Which can be used in food preservatives Cosmetics, like that Try to take some 5-6 areas And find specific chemicals And their properties And their problems in our daily life Who knows, one among that might even be Asked in your exam Because every year UPSE is asking at least one question From common compounds Chemicals that we experience in our daily lives Fine, we will move on Last area is Economy So last year pretty much Good number of questions were asked Around 15 questions from Economy, current affairs also mixed Along with that So these are the different types of questions That I find asked in last year's Question paper You see, these are just current Affairs Whatever was there in current affairs, it was asked Okay, so If you are, so Last year's current affairs has nothing to do with This year, but I am saying In the last 8-10 months, something would have happened In paper on a daily basis We are following properly, you can handle such kind of questions Then these are questions which are Concept-based, okay What happens if the inflation is too high RBI is likely to buy government Securities If government buys government securities It is actually pumping in more money into the system Which is not going to happen Correct? So This should be eliminated If rupee is depreciating, RBI Is likely to sell dollars, yes By selling dollars, it is sucking in rupees Making it more valuable Yes If interest rates in USA, Europe Is likely to introduce, induce RBI to buy Dollars Yes, if interest rates fall, people Will take away their money and go abroad So that will lead to a flight of capital Right? If that is the case RBI would like to stabilize it by Buying dollars Is it correct? If interest rates in USA or Europe Where to fall It means, sorry, where to fall Okay, okay, okay, where to fall Not high, if it is to fall down Means there is no better business there They will bring dollars here Okay, if dollars are brought in here Dollars are becoming more cheap Dollars are already here So likely to induce RBI to buy Dollars, I don't think this is going to happen No, is it going to happen? Okay, I am not very sure about it This is wrong, isn't it? Ilmet one Okay, you get the answer right Okay Maybe I have to brush up my basics on Economy So I am just saying, these are Concept-based questions Simply from your fundamental understanding Of concepts, you can still get these Kind of questions right there Economy, you have questions which are Current affairs-based And then you have questions which are Concept-based Then you have Questions which are bodies basically Bodies and news Such kind of questions These are bodies, organizations Bank, Board, Bureau Which are the following statements are correct Okay, you have some three options These are all prominently news Okay, Governor of RBI is the chairman Of Bank, Bureau, is it correct? No, we have separate chairman We know that I was the chairman Of Bank, Bureau, so first statement Should not be them You automatically get the answer So I have seen all through the years The questions that are asked from organizations And bodies which are in use, UPSC's questions Are pretty much simple They are not very difficult as such You will be able to manage just by Reading paper properly So I am just saying that Okay The last two years UPSC is also focusing on capital markets Where is it? These kind of questions, convertible bonds And then there are also some other questions They are focusing on capital markets Okay, so the business news page that you come across These are instruments that are used by corporates To tap finance Convertible bonds Okay, so they borrow money Instead of repaying it back They borrow it in the form of issuing bonds So these are not things that we normally Read not Economy books So when you Next time you read Business news page Focus on the stock market Related jargons, terminologies That would also be useful for you And I think this You can actually get it from Compilations Compilations will give you a fair idea about All latest financial instruments like Optionally convertible bonds, debentures Whatever has been introduced recently Okay, all that Some basic awareness you will be able to get from Compilations, so read that And these are with respect to trends Last year Indian trends were not asked It was something about A foreign country, Vietnam How are things going in Vietnam Which sector is improving Okay, like that UPSC does focus on trends It usually focuses on Indian trends In the sense it gives you questions on manufacturing sector In the last three years GDP growth rate Has been constantly on decline Imports have been surpassing exports In the last two quarters of the last financial year So such kind of trend based questions are also Asked So when you understand these type of questions What can you do to prepare for this First is to get These type of questions right Okay Acquiring new technology is a capital expenditure Correct Technology is a capital expenditure Debt financing is considered capital expenditure While equity financing is considered Revenue expenditure Both are actually considered as capital expenditure Not revenue So first statement is right These are basic concepts only These are not very difficult questions Get these basic concepts right Class notes Revise them Plus NCRPs Understand Understand RBI buying government securities What is the consequence of that Right so it's very simple So The basic concepts of economics has to be strengthened By from your class notes As well as from your NCRPs I'm sure one third of the questions in economy you can handle With comfort Can you do this These are all simply last years Into paper articles nothing else So in the newspaper reading If you have been doing it and Periodically you have been giving economics tests also in the academy Which should have also revised you Plus compilations Compilations of last 10 months Just the economy page You take it and you read it I'm sure within 2 days the entire 10 months for economy will be covered There is nothing more to cover beyond 2 days Right So do this So basically what it means is You have to make a Plan like this On a daily basis what should you be doing On a weekly basis what you should do In the next 1 to 3rd month What all you should have done by then If you have this plan then you will start Ensuring On a particular day Economy of 5 months has to be Completed so am I completing it or not That milestone should be there Or otherwise randomly just In a very unorganized manner if you keep on Reading and revising You would not feel that you have consolidated things Right so that's why I have a plan So how do you prepare for economy What should be the plan Even now Start reading More on the terms that come in the business page That is a good way of revising it You would have learnt about Open market operations You would have learnt about liquidity adjustment facility But tomorrow when RBI monetary policy Recently only it has concluded I think about 25 basis points Or 20 basis points what was the hike 25 basis points So I am sure in that article There will be much more information about inflation control And everything there was one question asked Last year there was a direct question asked Which of the I think The question is not here Last year's question was Which of the following body is responsible For controlling inflation in India Finance ministry One of the options is RBI Don't you think such an easy question You have easy questions after So in economy the plan is to get 80% questions If 15 questions are asked Try to get at least 10 to 11 questions Correct Two questions let's assume you leave it Another two questions let's assume You even go wrong with that Ultimately you should come to around 60 to 80% at least To be on the safe side So how do you do it Focus more on the terms Because the terms that you come across Will be one more round of revision And if not revision If you are going to hear about it for the first time That's a good round of study That's going to happen Basic connect Basic class notes, concepts And compilations to know about current affairs Yes, if time permits Economic survey Because right now you may be short of time Economic survey Is only to remember these trends There have been years where Something from economic survey has been Directly asked in problems as well But even if you don't read Economic survey for problems It is a must when it comes to Means But now that you only have 100 days And you have so many areas to now cover That's why I say if time permits Otherwise just Forget it Even with these things you can still get Good score in Indian economy Solve a lot of questions Question solving will build you this Interlinkage which is necessary to solve These kind of questions That link between RBI, money supply Money supply increasing What happens to rupee value What happens to investment cycle I have to sit and patiently think But that connect is important Because when you read your books You only learn it in a standalone manner You learn about banking, RBI's functions Then you learn about foreign sector But how does RBI also involve When foreign sector activities influence The value of your currency That kind of connect Across the different topics That happens when you read the business page RBI has purchased Dollars from the market Okay Why has it done it Maybe to Not to reduce inflation It has to influence currency value Value of Indian rupee That connect is very important To get that connect right Keep solving a lot of questions Keep reading compilations to know Recent bodies, organizations And any new These kind of facilities That are introduced That is the way to go about with economics So What is the plan, what can you do Now that you have understood What should be the expected score In different subjects For your best focus in getting Almost all your quality questions right Economy as well Try to get maximized Science and tech as well History don't stress too much Over it Make sure you are good in modern India Make sure you get to know wide areas From ancient medieval from your tests Environment Compilations have to be mastered With respect to environment And Compilations This is all going to happen Now what you can have from now on Is a 100 day time table For all 100 days You should have 50 questions You take random 50 questions and solve it Randomness should be introduced Take random 50 questions Just solve it Now find out the answers for that Maybe solving it will take 1 hour Feedback correction it And learning more about it will take another 2 to 3 hours Right 3 to 4 hours is gone only on this Test question preparation You still have another 10 hours with you Right 10 hours Make sure you study You have to have 10 hours Because your competitors are studying for 10 hours So The remaining 10 hours Make sure you take one chapter parliament Try to finish it as much as possible Like that You should have at the end of the day You should feel that there was something tangible Which I have completed today Because when you attend classes and simply go and read You would not get that feeling of completion At all You would have only learnt about one small area Parliamentary privileges that would have taken 2 to 3 hours From now onwards You should make a plan and ensure that Everyday one important chapter It could be revolt of 1857 industry Or it could be Banking in economics Or it could be volcanism in geography One chapter per day must be completed Right 50 questions per day plus one chapter per day Okay And in a week you should ensure that Finish a theme Ancient India itself should have been finished Or complete a book One book should be completed in a week Okay so you prepare a daily plan Accordingly if you are planning to finish Your ancient India in the upcoming week Make sure in the first day you finish Indus valley civilization Second day you finish the full Vedic period Third day you finish Mahajanapadas Like that in 7 days you will be able to finish them 7 or 8 different years So one ancient India is now over So at the end of one week you feel that Okay one part of history is actually over So by the end of a month You feel history itself is actually over You know the minute you get That confidence that you have done You will get your answers right People fail in problems because they keep on Feeling that there is so much I have not covered Cover it itself Covering itself will give you some 60-70 marks In your problems So make this weekly plan Similarly have monthly plan So that 3 subjects You are the strongest at 3 subjects You choose what are those 3 subjects 3 areas strong More than 70% strike rate You must have you find out what those areas Are You must have 3 months make a plan One month I should become the one on such The plan is flexible you can make your own plans According to it But if I were you I would do this for sure I would ensure Book completion will be done every week Okay so that in 10 weeks 10 books at least Are completed Okay And full test When you write full tests Observe Observe Watch yourself What kind of mistakes you are making Are you making mistakes because of unawareness Or are you making mistakes because of bias Because you assume things to be right You know unawareness is an excusable mistake But making mistakes on bias again and again And again is not usable So find it out study yourself To study yourself you give tests And I told you Initially itself Break it into one hour and one hour Okay one hour for max Make sure you solve 20 questions 50 mark you are insured Reminding one hour you only need to get another 20 more Marks it is actually easy to do it Right so do it And you will see the difference This is how we can make a plan For upcoming days Alright Fine I think we will stop here So any queries online Online student test Should be your Main test Just 10 minutes okay we will finish it off Should you give the main test and Shankar Yes it is good to give the main test I would say Okay at least be in some touch With writing practice right now Main test does not mean that they are completely Off your prelim syllabus What is being given to you as prelims test It is from those same areas Questions are asked So if you feel What do I say If you have already analysed previous main questions Then give the main test But without having any idea About how main questions are asked in previous UPSC It is waste of time to giving Main test because you will be simply writing Points and facts without knowing To address the demand of the question I would leave it to you If you would want some writing practice To remain intact you can give main test But otherwise I would say In fact I always advise students Before you give your prelims you should have Actually had an idea about mains areas Of those prelims questions Because UPSC asks very related areas In last years mains will be asked As an next years prelims questions Because syllabus also overlaps Somebody who prepares well for mains Will have more knowledge than somebody Who is preparing only for prelims Okay so that way the ideal expectation Is mains preparation is done before you Even attend your prelims But I understand for the freshness Of your experience You might not have the time to do that So I would only leave it to you If you feel motivated enough you give mains list Or otherwise you already have A 100 day plan to follow So just focus on that because Writing a test for 2 on that pass might exhaust you Completely then one day is gone Next day is also gone on last day's hangover Right so Studying for 10 hours itself is a problem Okay I would leave it to you then Okay you have only covered Modern India part and not covered ancient And medieval India that much what should I do Then just focus on tests Okay in tests whatever ancient and medieval Questions are asked only focus on strengthening About those areas because you cannot Go and start reading ancient and medieval From now onwards even if you read Hardly few questions are asked from Direct textbooks You will not be able to get them right So just focus on tests and hope for the best But understand you should actually Prepare it after your prelims is over At least for the next prelims Okay Okay Whenever I gave my prelims I cannot throw My syllabus as well as monthly current affairs Compilation Okay You cannot you can see I know the test schedule will tell you 60 questions polity 40 questions From June current affairs Okay I don't believe In preparing Current affairs month wise and then coming for Test it should be prepared subject wise Only when your mind set is fixed In a particular subject mindset like You are reading economy so entire search is Around economy now you read a compilation For six months whatever has happened in economy It will go into your mind better You simply take one month's compilation Starting from polity economy science Everything you read it will not retain In your memory so don't worry if you are Not able to finish your compilation of That a month and if you are not able To come to the test it doesn't matter much Okay Can you suggest some lists, schemes, organizations Ministries Don't worry about it Okay even if I give a list it will be useless Okay you cannot Prepare like that You cannot prepare this particular ministry I will prepare every scheme in that Not going to work Okay so I even told you when I discuss About polity UPSC is not asking Those questions anymore it is not Last three years not a single law The newly introduced bill in the parliament Not asked So maybe the benefit That accrues out of spending time On that might not be worth it so just Forget it there are so much other Static areas in polity to strengthen Okay focus on that instead When to stop optional preparation Need not stop It can go till the day of your Problems If it is optional That is common to your problems History, geography, political science Then don't stop keep doing it If it is mathematics Maybe stop it by next month Okay so it is up to you Okay there are no solutions Answers for all this Is reading Hindu newspaper enough for current affairs If you have been reading for the last Ten months properly That is more than sufficient Okay how to rest it in note making When we refer to monthly compilations eventually Please don't make any notes for problems Waste of time how many notes will you make Just take a compilation If you are reading a digital copy just Highlight the important ones just move on You cannot take and make further notes out of it Those themselves are notes What are you making notes out of notes Okay so if you read newspaper And if you make notes that is different Can you skip a class to cover 10 hours Well If you yeah You can do that if you already know a subject Then why simply attend it again Okay so it is up to you You can do it but 10 hours of preparation every day Must go on from now onwards Is it fine to stop reading newspaper Before 15 days of exam Not fine not fine You should read newspaper the day before your exam As well Inexcusable Maybe after your problems one or two days You can take a break Okay that is the only break you can give For newspaper reading Okay You should be an aspirant who Even if i ask you to take a break you should not take a break Okay that is the essence here All right So i think other questions are repetitions I have already addressed So i wish you all the best So have a good preparation for the upcoming 100 days All right and keep solving tests Keep giving tests properly here Those are your ways to test Find out your strengths and weaknesses Okay All right Thank you good evening