 Well, let's take this on further. We're joined in Washington, DC by Nancy Lindborg who's from the United States Institute for Peace Nancy Also has a long career in USAID International development Nancy welcome to the program good to see you there. We heard from my way away there Saying how the door to Europe is totally closed off. He said it was a big violation of human rights Is that how you see it? well, there are so many rights being violated by so many parts of this tragedy in In Syria as well as in Afghanistan, you know what we're seeing is a small piece of The refugee issue that's reaching Europe, but it's part of 60 million people who are displaced globally Because of violence and conflict and this is a greater number than we've seen since World War two. It's historic It's an epidemic of displacement because of violence and this epidemic this river of refugees So shows little sign of a of a baiting worse is yet to come. We've got the summer months ahead Can you see any of the diplomatic efforts that we've been seeing over these these migrants trying to get into Europe? making any difference Well, you know a lot of these people are fleeing Protracted conflicts whether it's the terrible five-year war of Syria That's now surpassed World War two and its duration or the continued conflict in a place like Afghanistan and Families are making terrible terrible choices. They simply have Very little hope they they have hopes and dreams for their families that they think can better be met Despite the terrible risks of a journey to Europe most of these conflicts absolutely must be solved by Political settlements by mediation. We're seeing some glimmers of hope in the Syria context There has been a ceasefire there with the possibility of talks getting underway next week. It will require concerted political will from across the various countries that have interests whether it's in Syria or in Afghanistan We need to understand that there is not the continued opportunity to let these conflicts fester But the thing is we've been saying with respect that we need concerted political will to get this resolved For five years and now as you say yourself this this war in Syria has lasted longer than the second world war It's easier said than done to resolve that political intransigence that we're seeing Absolutely it is and we need to keep pushing hard on the political settlement at the same time It's it's very important that we not let the humanitarian situation inside Syria continue to Deteriorate the the conditions are absolutely horrible. There are Reports of the conditions of people who are in the besieged areas There are about 400,000 people who have not been able to receive aid and this is despite repeated UN security Resolutions that says you must enable assistance to reach these people. They cannot be Hostage to the various wars on the ceasefire agreement. We're seeing that there is continued violation by the Russians in bombing Reports yesterday in Idlib. So there there is there is some progress with the current ceasefire There is some hope that the talks will resume next week in the meantime We absolutely have to look at all the ways to stop the blood to stop The terrible suffering of this of the civilians who are trapped in this in the Syria war No, it's a limbo. We very much appreciate your perspective on this important issue. Thanks very much Thank you