 Picks, Scots, Romans, Vikings and more. What major events happened in Scotland between 1 and 1000 AD? The Land of Red Squirrels, Deer and Highland Cows. By the end of this video, you'll be a master of Scottish history. The initial period of a Scottish timeline was dominated by the Romans. In 79 AD, Julius Agricola began the formal Roman invasion of Northern Britannia, no mainly as Caledonia or Scotland today, although Roman legions had been venturing north in previous years. The Romans inflicted a major defeat on the Caledonians at the Battle of Mongropius in around 83 or 84 AD. In 122, the Romans started construction on Hadrian's Wall in Northern England, which was completed around 127 AD. Around 15 years later, Rome began construction on the northernmost frontier of a empire, Antonin's Wall, which stretched between the 4th of 4th and the River Clyde in the central belt of modern Scotland. Over the decades however, there was constant back and forth between the native people of ancient Scotland and the Romans. One instance occurred in 196 AD, when a confederation of tribes known as the Matei, which probably occupied a region centred on Stirlingshire, overran Hadrian's Wall and forced the Romans to retreat south. Just over a decade later, the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus rebuilt Hadrian's Wall and invaded Caledonia once again. A few years into this campaign, Severus gave a genocidal order to his son, Caracela, in an attempt to exterminate the Matei and the Caledonia. Severus declared that we are not going to leave a single one of them alive, down to the babies in their mothers' wombs. The whole people must be wiped out of existence. The Romans depopulated large parts of Scotland in a brutal fashion as a result of this order, but that ultimately proved unsuccessful, in part because Severus died during the campaign, with Caracela returning to Rome shortly afterward. In 258, some sources suggest that a significant number of Scots, or Gaels, settled in western Scotland under the leader, Rudei. The Kingdom of Dauriada would be founded in this region, centuries later. In 297, a Roman writer records that the Picts and Irish, meaning the Scots, attacked Hadrian's Wall. There was constant raids by the Picts and Scots, and responses by the Romans over the centuries of Roman presence in Caledonia. In the middle of the 4th century, St Nenium was born, who went on to be an early Christian missionary amongst the Picts. Around 410, Roman rule formally ended in Britain, although Roman troops had gradually been withdrawn for decades prior to this. In around 498, the Gaelic Kingdom of Dauriada is thought to have been founded, which encompassed the western seaborn of Scotland, centred on Argyll, and parts of County Antrim in the north of Ireland. In the middle of the 6th century, some sources suggest that Lothian came under control of the Angles. In 563, St Columba founded a monastery on the Hebridean island of Iona, and a few years later, he travelled on a Christian mission to Pictland. In 575, Scottish Dauriada appeared to gain independence from Irish Dauriada. Also during the 6th century, the Kingdom of Strathclyde arose, also known as the All Clue, with its capital being Dumbarton. In 580, Edomac Gabrain, the King of Dauriada, during its golden age, is recorded as fighting in Orkney. In 600, the Goododin people descendants of the Votadini, who occupied the region of the Hener Glave on Old North, which corresponded to parts of Southern Scotland and Northern England, were defeated at the Battle of Cat Wraith in North Yorkshire by the Angles. Three years later, in 603, Edomac Gabrain, the King of Dauriada, is defeated by King Ethelrith of Bernesia, the Northern Northumbrian Kingdom at the Battle of Degg-Sistan. In 638, the Northumbrians captured Edinburgh from the Goododin. In 657, Oswegg, King of Northumberland, became overlord of the Scots and other parts of Britain, after victory at the Battle of Winwade, two years earlier, over the Kingdom of Mercia. Then in 685, the Picts, under their King, Brydie III, won a decisive victory at the Battle of Dunn-Nectain, over the King of Northumbria, Egareth, a major blow to Northumbrian Northern expansion. In 736, the King of the Picts, Angus, ravaged and burned the capital of Dauriada, Dunad. Also in the middle of the 8th century, Angus established a monastery in St Andrews. In the 790s, Viking raids began. In 796, the Vikings attacked Iona and pillaged and killed many monks on the island. This became a theme in subsequent years. In 806, a notable Viking raid on Iona resulted in the massacre of around 70 monks. Many monks went on to relocate to the Abbey of Kells in Ireland. In 843, the Picts and the Scots were unified into the Kingdom of Alipa, the embryo of the modern nation of Scotland by Kenneth MacAlpin. This started the royal house of Alpin, which reigned until 1034, when the House of Dunkeld took the throne under Duncan I. In 870, Viking leaders launched a successful siege of Dumbarton Rock, the capital of the Kingdom of Strathclyde. In 875, Orkney became a Norse heirled him. 15 years later, Orkney, Shetland, parts of the Hebridean Islands, and Cathness became part of Harald Fairhares, Kingdom of Norway. In around 903, St Andrews became the religious capital of Alipa. In 918, the Battle of Corbridge took place in Northumberland, between the Norse scale leader Ragnall Imar and an alliance of the Kingdom of Alipa and the Kingdom of Northumbria. Although the battle was somewhat indecisive, the Scots managed to retreat north, while Ragnall went on to further establish his position in Northumbria in the following years. Then in 937, Ethelstan, the King of England, won victory at the Battle of Brunambar over an alliance of Olaf Guthrithson, King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scotland and Owen, King of Strathclyde. In 997, Constantine III dies after a brief reign as the King of Alipa. He is succeeded by Kenneth III. Did I leave anything out in this video that you would have included? What mistakes did I make? Please let me know in the comments below. the links in the description below. Please remember to subscribe and hit the bell and I'll speak to you soon.