 My name is Kata Mayilma. I work for the IPMS project. I'm stationed in Southern Ethiopia in Dalai, Waredah. And this is the fruit value chain place. What we did in the fruit value chain is we did a diagnostic survey to identify major constraints in the production, processing, marketing of tropical fruits like avocado and mango. And what we identified was mainly the varieties that were available for the last 30, 40 years to farmers. A type of fruit that needs to grow 7 to 10 years to bear fruit and with large canopy and also a very big plant where people have to climb 10 meters, 15 meters to harvest their crop. And due to their canopy size, they were unable to go very well with other crops like coffee, insert and plants that could grow under different canopy. When we went to Dalai, the first thing we noticed was that farmers are cutting down old and big trees due to these disadvantages. And we also discovered that without including fruit as a form of diversification of crop, farmers' income will be constrained. So eventually what we did was we brought in the different actors, different stakeholders to discuss about the issue and eventually that we should introduce grafting in the introduction of new varieties to improve the size of the tree, also the variety of fruits that are produced. And to do that we need nurseries, the alternative approach we followed was to use farmers as producers of input to other farmers. So we trained 10 families of farmers, 10 couples to do the business. Now farmers are trained, equipped and very much connected in the market and they are doing the fruit seedling business very well. Currently we have farmers who are producing different varieties of avocado and mango as seedling businesses. In Dalai alone we have 31 households who produce and sell seedlings to other farmers even out of their districts, out of the region to different parts of the country. These farmers produce these seedlings at a very reasonable price and they are always available to other farmers who want to buy the seedlings. So the seedling business has now become self-sufficient because farmers have their own mother trees. In the last five years they have attained to grow their own mother trees and they use their own signs. That's why we have a success rate of something like 100% during grafting.