 All right, okay, so we move on from Galatians to Ephesians. And yeah, Ephesians, just like Galatians has six chapters. So let's just start right away. I've also uploaded the notes for Ephesians in our classwork section. So it's under course material, course notes. You can check it out. Notes for Ephesians is there. So let me share the notes with you, even as we go through the introduction of Ephesians, right? Okay, so that's coming up on the screen. So yeah, so as we start with Ephesians, we look at the territory, we look at the area. So we see that it's what today we call as Turkey. That country and that region was known as Ephesus. And it was an ancient Greek city. And today it is called Seljuk in the Izmir province in Turkey. So the same, it was this town which was called, or city, which was called Ephesus, ancient times, right? So what we see is that this particular, as you can see in the map, it's a port town or port city. And if you recall, Corinth was also a similar port. It was, it had access to the sea and there was a lot of trade that was happening. The ships would come in and it would harbor there and there's a lot of commerce and commercial activity that was happening in Corinth. So same here, we see that it is also a port city and therefore a very important city. And with regard to religion, it had the temple of Diana and which was probably, at that time, it was the largest building and it was beautiful and considered one of the seven wonders of the world. And apparently it was constructed of pure marble, marble paved street leading up to it and its construction took about 220 years, almost two centuries to finish the construction, right? And the statue of the deity Diana whom they worship, they believe that it actually fell down from the sky as referenced in Acts chapter 19. So this is a background about the city, about the beliefs, about the commerce and everything that was happening there. Okay, so let's look at Paul's ministry and Ephesus, how does Paul, what is the first time he goes there and what is the work that he did? So we look at the book of Acts, then we get some information about when you look at Paul's missionary journeys. So it's during his second missionary journey, which means that he was going along with Barnabas, sorry, going along with Silas and it is during that time that he goes to Ephesus, right? So we see in Acts chapter 18 and verse 18 onwards. So we see that Ephesus is mentioned there, right? Maybe we can read 18 to 28 and then we get to see what happened there, right? So Paul still remained a good while. Now, he is actually in, you know, he goes to Corinth, he was there and from there he's moving now, so Paul remained there. Then he took leave of the brethren and sailed for Syria and Priscilla, a killer, were with him. He had his hair cut off at Sancturia for he had taken a vow and he came to Ephesus and left them there, left all in, I'm sorry, Aquila and Priscilla there. And, but he himself entered the synagogue and resend with the Jews. When he asked them, when they asked him to stay a long a time with him, but did not consent because he was on the way to Jerusalem. He took leave of them saying, I must by all means keep this coming feast in Jerusalem, I will return to you again to you. I will return again to you God willing and he sailed from Ephesus. So that is when we, you know, read about it. Then after that, we see that Priscilla and Aquila are at Ephesus and they meet Apollos who comes there and he's ministering there. And when they meet with Apollos, we know about it, right? We, they actually taught him, explained to him the ways of the Lord a little more accurately. And then he moves on. Apollos actually is sent to Corinth and you see he's has a very powerful ministry, right? It says in verse 28, he vigorously refuted the Jews publicly showing them from the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ. Okay, so that is what happened. Then, so, so that is what we read on his second missionary journey, Paul going there and spending this time here. Then what we see is on his third missionary journey, right, Paul coming back to Ephesus and spending some time there, that is what we read in chapter 19 of the book of Acts, right, chapter 19 we see. And it happened while Apollos, what is it, Corinth that Paul having passed through the upper regions came to Ephesus. Now, this is the second time he's coming to Ephesus and finding some disciples, he said to them, did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believe? So they said to him, we have not so much as heard whether there is a Holy Spirit. So he said to them, into what then were you baptized? So they said into John's baptism, then Paul said, John indeed baptized with a baptism of repentance saying to the people that they should believe on him who would come after him, that is on Christ Jesus. When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them and they spoke with tongues and prophesied. Now the men were about 12 in all. And he went into the synagogue and he spoke boldly for three months, reasoning and persuading, concerning the things of the kingdom of God. Okay, so this is again what we read. So on his another trip, he comes there. And this is the second time he's coming to Ephesus. So he meets some disciples who knew only about the baptism of John, what a baptism. He taught them, he laid hands and prayed and they were filled with the Holy Spirit and they spoke in tongues and they prophesied. So all this happened in Ephesus. So they were about 12 of them, 12 of them. So he went into the synagogue and for three months he was boldly preaching the gospel there, persuading everyone. Now verse nine, but when some were hardened and did not believe but spoke evil of the way before the multitude, he departed from them and withdrew the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of tyrannous. And this continued for two years. So all who dwelt in Asia, heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks. Okay, so after some time of six months of teaching in the synagogue. So, I'm sorry, three months of teaching in the synagogue. Some of them did not believe and they spoke evil about the way and so he moved from there and he met in the school of tyrannous, daily reasoning in the school of tyrannous. Now, we don't have much information in the book of Acts about the school of tyrannous, but what we do know is that he spent some time there and he continued teaching for two years in that place. And so a lot of ministry happened. So verse 10 says that those who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord. Okay, so obviously the surrounding region of from Ephesus, people either came from there to the school of tyrannous and they heard the gospel, they were trained by Paul and probably they went out from Ephesus and they went back to their own hometowns or went back to that surrounding region and shared the gospel there. So it says that, and also maybe Paul also traveled, we don't know. So all who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks, right? So the surrounding church has also heard. And in Ephesus, of course, we see the work of the supernatural through the hands of Paul. God worked unusual miracles. Verse 11 says that, so this reference about how handkerchiefs and aprons were kept on Paul body and then, you know, he prayed over it and then they brought it to the bodies of sick people, then the diseases left them, okay? They were healed and even the evil spirits went out. So Paul, you know, God did unusual things like powerful unusual things happened, you know, around this time during his tenure there in Ephesus. And we also see some other thing happening there. You know, we read about the Jewish exorcists, right? The Jewish people who did not believe in Jesus, but they actually said, you know, we in the name of Jesus, whom Paul preaches, right? So they were having this, you know, this they were Jewish exorcists, which means they went about, you know, driving out demons as they knew best. But, and they were these sons of Skeva, right? We read about them, sons of Skeva, seven of them. And this is what they did. They cast out evil spirits in the name of Jesus whom Paul preaches, right? So they did not have a personal relationship with the Lord, but we read about that whole incident where the seven of them were overpowered by the evil spirit and they, you know, they ran away and they were wounded and they ran away. Their clothes were all torn and then we see in verse 17, this became known both to all Jews and Greeks dwelling in Ephesus, right? And fear fell on them all and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified. And many who had believed, I'm reading verse 18, chapter 19 of Book of Acts, and many who had believed came confessing and telling their deeds. Also many who had practiced magic, brought their books together and burned them in the sight of all and they counted up the value of them and a total 50,000 pieces of silver in all these books and everything that they burned up, it was, it was a great value, monetarily. And it says, verse 20, so the word of the Lord grew mightily and prevailed. So a lot of things happened, a powerful work happened in Ephesus, right? So in those two years, two and a half year or so, the word of the Lord grew mightily, which means that it was all, it was spreading, the gospel was spread, the people were being trained and the people were going and shared, right? The gospel. So we also read about the seven churches in Revelations two and Revelations three, right? Ephesus is one of the churches which is mentioned there. Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamus, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laudice, you know, all these churches were in that region, right? If you look at the map, we see that these are the surrounding churches, right? So all in Asia and these are in and around Ephesus, I mean, in and around the same region, right? And the Lord Jesus has a specific message of, for these churches, and we read about that also in Revelation, right? Then Acts chapter 19, verse 21 also, verse 21 onwards, then talks about what happened, the riot there and how Paul moves out of verse 20, from there he moved and went to Macedonia, right? So we read about all that. In Ephesus, there seems to be a great ministry which has happened starting by teaching at the synagogue, Ben in the school of Tyrannus, or even before the synagogue, you know, the disciples who were filled with the Spirit and they prayed in tongues and they encountered the work powerfully, the power of the Holy Spirit, they were filled in the Spirit, they prophesied, they prayed in tongues, right? So we read about that, that is how it started. Then it went on to synagogue, where he taught and then the school of Tyrannus, where he again trained people. Now we read about many of them who were trained. Chapter 20 verse four, you know, all these people who are listed here, so Peter of Barrier, Aristarchus, seconders, you know, all these people, apparently, you know, from the city of Colosse, which was again in that same region, about a hundred miles from Ephesus. So it is possible that they were trained by Paul in Ephesus and, you know, they moved on, right? So Titus also was part of one more company, was part of this team. And Titus was also ministering along with Ephesus, right? So we read about that. He also raised up many leaders in Ephesus and we read about that and how he met them and for the last time, you know, we read that in the book of Acts as well. When we read Acts 20 towards the end of Acts 20, this is what we, so, you know, he obviously had a close relationship with them. Verse 38 talks about, you know, the fact that they were sorrowful because they would see him no more. You know, that was the last time that they would see him and so we read about that. Okay, so in Ephesus, we see that Paul wrote the epistle to the Galatians and also first Corinthians, right? And Paul comes to Miletus, which is south of Ephesus and he ministered here. And Paul also, it seems like Paul worked and ministered and all this information we get when we read, you know, the book of Acts 18 onwards, right? And we see that almost like he seems to have spent almost three years in Ephesus. Okay, so from Ephesus, we see that he was, he journeys to Rome. Okay, this is, you know, Acts chapter 27 and 28. He's in Rome and from Rome, he was actually a prisoner there in Rome. And from Rome, he seems to have written these epistles, right, Colossians, Philemon, Ephesians, Philippians and like these are called the prison epistles of Paul. From prison, he writes this. So Ephesians was written by Paul when he was in prison, when he was imprisoned in Rome, right? Okay, and then Ephesus, much later, we see that Timothy is appointed as a leader there, as a pastor there. And Paul, when he writes to Timothy, instructions had to encourage him, et cetera. So we see that Timothy was taking care of the church in Ephesus, right? So he gives a lot of information and instruction to Timothy. So all this we see was happening at Ephesus and how Paul was associated with the believers at Ephesus and how he raised Timothy to and appointed him as a leader there in Ephesus, right? Okay, so let's move on to chapter one. And let's go chapter by chapter, okay? Let's read the chapter one and the first few verses. Okay, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God to the saints who are in Ephesus and faithful in Christ Jesus. Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus. Just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world that we should be holy and without blame before him in love, having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, to the praise of the glory of his grace by which he made us accepted in the beloved. In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins according to the riches of his grace which he made to abound towards us in all wisdom and prudence. Having made known to us the mystery of his will according to his good pleasure which he purposed in himself that in the dispensation of the fullness of the times he might gather together in one all things in Christ both which are in heaven and which are on earth in him. In him also we have obtained an inheritance being predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will that we who first trusted in Christ should be to the praise of his glory. In him you also trusted after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation in whom also having believed you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession to the praise of his glory. Okay, so quite some heavy stuff there, right? Right there in the first few verses itself, you know, theologically he's just laying down some very, very important revelations to the believer what has happened to the believer, right? In Christ, his identity of the believer, the position of the believer and all that he's just laying it down. Okay, so as usual, his, you know, his greetings and, you know, he's talking about the grace and peace. He's blessing the believers, saying grace and peace from God our Father and Lord Jesus Christ. And this is addressed to the saints in Ephesus and obviously they would have read this letter in the surrounding churches as well, right? So they would have done that as was the custom. So he says, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God. So again, and again, he reiterates, and I'm called to be an apostle and this call was not something that I took up. It was, it is something which is the will of God, right? It originated from the heart of God, this call and it's not something that I took up myself, okay? So grace and peace and to all the saints who is addressing this episode. Okay, so verse three, we see blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ. So this here is an important truth that we as believers have been blessed that we as believers have been blessed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, right? Which is quite an eye-opener that in Christ we have already been blessed and that word blessed there means, you know, it's a word that you for praise as well, right? We've been blessed, we've been given, we have, you know, with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, okay? Spiritual meaning something that is off the spirit of God which is not fleshly, which is non-carnal and it is which is quite opposite of the flesh, you know, like we studied in Galatians, we see that. It has nothing to do with the flesh but it's off the spirit. The source is the Holy Spirit. So every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places, okay? So every blessing, every blessing that is originating from God is a spiritual blessing and we have been blessed with each and every one of them which is a great truth, which is a great blessing and we have been blessed with this which is, you know, which is again something that takes us by surprise. You know, this is our inheritance. This is something that we have received simply because of our union with Christ, what happened to us at salvation. We received Christ, we are one spirit with Him and because we are in Christ. Now that also happened because of God's initiative. The Father's initiative, you know, He decided and He decided that those who put their trust in Him, those who receive this by faith and this is also something that is offered by grace. So we come to be in Christ. So in Christ we have been blessed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places. Just as He chose us, was for, just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, okay? So God chose us and it looks like, you know, it shows something about God, the fact that God is beyond time itself because it says that, you know, He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world. Like the thing is foundation of the world for us, the foundation of the world, okay, creation and everything. And then here we are somewhere in time where we are born and we are living our lives and we have spent whatever 20, 30, 40, 50 years. But here, scripture, the truth is that even though we were living here in time, we were actually chosen before the foundation of the world, okay? The foundation of the world and creation, everything happens here. So even before that we were chosen, which means that God is outside of time. God is outside of, you know, for us, time is linear, just happens one year after another. But God who's outside of time, you know, He's able to choose, He's able, because of His omniscience, He able to see into time what will happen in the future and He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, okay? And that, look at the objective of it, the, you know, what is the purpose, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, okay? That we should be holy and blameless before Him in love, okay? So in Christ, He accomplished that, you know, He justified us, He sanctified us, but we also know that it is a walk of sanctification and consecration, right? It is a daily walk. So God's will is this, that we should be holy. He has made us holy and righteous. If God's will is this, we continue on, you know, from that place of position of holiness that He's, you know, given us, right? So that we should be holy and blameless before Him in love. Look at verse five, having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself according to the good pleasure of His will, how? Now here's another, you know, a term that we see here which is predestined, okay? Now this word, predestined has thrown off a lot of people who said, okay, only some are predestined to be saved. And that is by God. God knows He predestined somebody to be saved. And the thing is, when we see, look at this verse, what is it that God predestines, okay? Like, which means that He foreknew and He also, He decided the forehand. You know, that's what it means, predestined, right? Now we need to understand this predestination is not predetermination, okay? What is it that He predestined? He predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself. So which means that the human beings who are free moral agents, who've been given free will, they can make the choice whether to accept or to reject Christ, whether to accept the work of salvation or to reject. But if they choose to accept, then they will be, you know, they will be adopted as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself. Now that is what has been predestined, right? Because He's not doing away with the choice. He's not done away with our choices. And He also knows what has happened. You know, it's like God knows the future, okay? This person has been given the choice. This person has made the choice. And this person because of the choice has been adopted as sons and daughters of the most I God. Now that He already foreknows, right? Because that is why He is God. So He has predestined us to adoption. So that's one of the things that we see. He's according to the good pleasure of His will. So it's something that is bringing delight to God. According to the good pleasure of His will, right? So that's a word that we see is a good pleasure, something that brings him delight, something that he's satisfied with, right? That when people would, it takes great pleasure when people come to the saving knowledge of Christ, right? So yeah, yeah, let's look at the next verse. To the praise of the glory of His grace by which He made us accepted in the beloved, okay? So He made us accepted in the beloved. We are accepted by Him and to the praise of the glory of His grace, it's a work of grace. And the grace of God is also something that expresses or shows the glory of God, right? The glory of God meaning who God is and what He does like the nature of God and the works of God, right? So this grace of God is something that indicates the glory of God which expresses the glory of God. And so to the praise of the glory of His grace by which He made us accepted in the beloved. So we've been accepted by Him because we accepted, we received the grace of God because we received what was offered to us because of the grace of God, right? So we are accepted by Him, we are received by Him, we are accepted by Him. So we are in the family of God. All these are in Christ's truths, right? Which we need to be really strong in. So we have been blessed, already blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ. We are accepted in the beloved. We are welcomed into the family of God. So as a people, it's a good pleasure according to His good pleasure He has adopted us into the family, right? And it's something that He did not do it like, oh, I have to do it. And it's not something out of hesitation. It's not something that He did it hesitantly, no, no. It's something that brings in great delight for us to be part of this family, for us to be adopted, for us to be able to call Him our Father and to, you know, He's received us, accepted us. And that's something, you know, He's pleased. It's according to the good pleasure of His will, right? In Christ we are accepted. We are blessed, we are, you know, it's according to the pleasure of His will, right? Okay. Verse seven, in Him we have redemption through His blood. The forgiveness of sins according to the riches of His grace. Okay, so that's verse seven. In Christ we have redemption. In Jesus Christ we who are believers, who we have redemption, right? So what is that word redemption? It means that, you know, in Christ, you know, first semester we have studied in Christ and the word that is used there is this, that something that was released by paying a ransom. Okay, a ransom was paid. No, let's say somebody's kept captive, then a ransom was paid, prize was paid and released that person from captivity. So that's that word here. You know, different words are used, right? For redemption and we see this word used there, which talks about ransom being paid so that the person can be released from captivity. So we have been redeemed. It talks about the blood of Jesus, which was a price that did sacrifice that was made. So we have been redeemed. We have received redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins according to the riches of his grace. Okay, according to the riches of his grace, which means that it's an abundance, it's extravagant and it was the grace of God. So the grace of God, meaning the carous, you know, it's something that is a free gift, right? The word carous is used there, which is a free gift and it's a gift of grace, right? And we've been redeemed. We've received forgiveness of sins according to the riches of his grace that he poured out upon us. Okay, Ephesians 1-8, which he made to abound towards us in all wisdom and prudence. Now this grace was, you know, it was not given in miserly in small amounts, but it was he poured out this grace upon us. He has poured out this grace, something that is unmerited, favor, something that is unearned, which can be only received gratefully, right? It's not because of our performance, it's not because of our good deeds, but he has given it to us free, okay? All that we can do is receive it gratefully. Now this grace, according to the riches of his grace, right? Something that is extravagant, he is given to us and it says that in all wisdom and prudence, that it is the wisdom of God and the prudence of God, by which he has made the grace, his grace available for us. Okay, verse nine, having made known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in himself. And again, you know, we're all continuing this, in Christ, in him, the theme, which we started in verse seven, right? In him, we have redemption. So here, in Christ, that we, that having made known to us the mystery of his will, according to the good pleasure, which he purposed in himself. Verse 10, that in the dispensation of the fullness of the times, you might gather together in one, all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are on earth in him, right? Okay, so his will is glorious plan and purpose that he wants to or he is already unfolded on the earth. This, you know, this was, when we say, when we say mystery, you see that something that was hidden for in the previous dispensation or something that was, you know, it was concealed, okay? But the thing is that this was concealed for us to discover to the purpose of, in the fullness of the time that it'll be, it'll be discovered, right? So it was hidden, it was concealed for a season, for a time that it might be revealed, okay? So it talks about and the word mystery, you know, the great Greek word, musterion, which means, you know, something that is secret, something that is hidden and something that is, and we know in context that is something that's hidden or it could be a revelation, hidden so that it can be revealed, okay? So we see that it was hidden in the times and the earlier dispensation, but it has been revealed, okay? For us and in this dispensation that in the dispensation of the fullness of the times that he might gather together in one all things in Christ, which are in heaven and which are on earth in him. So what does that mean that the God wants to redeem the whole earth, redeem everything back to himself, right? Again, is it an automatic thing? No, it depends on the choice of the created beings, right? He has a choice of man. So what is will, his desire is that everything be redeemed, okay? So that is what we, let's look at that verse again, that he might redeem, he might gather together in one all things in Christ. So which means that that is this, you know, that's a plan, that's a desire rather that in Christ everything might be gathered, which means that whoever's in Christ will be gathered to him, which are in heaven and which are on earth might be gathered to him. So that's the desire, right? So in the fullness of the time, we saw that in Galatians also, the appointed time or the Cairo's moment in the fullness of time, opportune time, right? So God did that. So he has a sense of, okay, he has a set time, like in the fullness of time, this is going to happen, right? So that's what we see in verse 10, okay? In verse 11, okay? In him, also we have obtained an inheritance, right? We having, sorry, being predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will, okay? So verse 11, in him also, we have obtained an inheritance and, you know, there's something, inheritance is something that is kept in family for a family member, right? And at the right time, so it's, we have received an inheritance and it is, you know, he's already spoken about something, he's already listed out the forgiveness and forgiveness of sins and all the spiritual blessings that we received and redemption through his blood and, you know, the mystery of his will, all that. So we have received this inheritance, okay, in him. So he's kind of reiterating that. We have obtained an inheritance and again, he uses the word, you know, the predestined, being predestined according to the purpose of him. So we obtaining this inheritance, as believers in Christ, is also something that is predestined, okay? So what is the pre thing that is pre, no, we need to be careful about or, you know, very, very sure and clear about this whole thing of predestination, okay? So it's not that he's controlling people's choices, then, you know, then it wouldn't be fair at all, right? It means that people do not have choice, do not have free will and it's like people are forced to do something or they are forced to be almost like robots without any, you know, sense of ability to make decisions on their own. Now that is not the thing, right? So he's given us free will. So what is the predestined, predestination here? You know, we are, what are we being predestined for? Being predestined to obtain this inheritance, to obtain this inheritance in him, to receive this inheritance. So he's already predestined that saying, okay, when so and so becomes a believer, when so and so is in Christ, then he or she will receive this inheritance. Now that's something that is predestined and it's predestined according to his purpose who works all things according to his will, according to the wisdom or the advice counsel of his will, right? So he's predestined according to his purpose, according to his plan, who works all things according to the counsel, the wisdom of his will, okay? So I just wanted to look at verse 11 and you know, look at that word counsel which talks about purpose again which talks about choice and advice. In the English, it would be advice. So it also has that added meaning of the purpose and choice, pollution, free will, according to his choice or the his purpose and according to his will, okay? That word will, which actually means again inclination or a desire, okay? According to the purpose of his desire or you know, something that gives him pleasure, something that is, gives him, the delights him, right? So according to that, he has purposed that we will receive this inheritance, obtain this inheritance and he works all things. You know, something we understand. This is a revelation about the way God functions, right? He has predestined certain things for the believers. Those who are in Christ, there are some things that are already just by virtue of the fact that we are in Christ. He has already predestined that this is what you will receive. Like this is what will be your identity. This is what will be your blessing. This is what you will receive into your life, okay? He has already decided that, okay? Now the choice is ours to accept him and to receive what he has decided, what he wants to know, richly make sure that this is coming into your life and my life, right? And we also see the heart of God. He wants to bless, right? And his purpose and his plan is to bless and he works all things according to his, the wisdom and the purpose of his will or desire, which is good, okay? So we understand something about the heart of God that he doesn't increase. It's not for us to, our life should be destroyed. It's not like our life should be corrupted and no, that is not his intention at all, right? So every time we have a doubt, we go back and say, okay, God, this is what it is. This is what you intend for us and this is what your plan is, your purpose is for me as a believer. And so I choose to receive this, right? What you choose to pour out richly, I choose to receive all out of me, right? Okay, so verse 12, and we'll finish with this. Verse 12, that we who first trusted in Christ should be to the praise of his glory. In him, you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, whom also having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, who was the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession to the praise of his glory, right? So verse 12 talks about that we who first trusted in Christ should be to the praise of his glory, right? That we have got this inheritance and we have trusted in him and it should be to the praise of his glory, praise of who God is and what he does. We are lives and everything, you know, just overflows with that, it just points to that. And we see a similar thing in first Peter 2, right? Verse nine, that we are here to declare the virtues of God through our words and through our lives and so on. So we should be to the praise of his glory. In him, you also trusted after you heard the word of truth. So he's talking to the believers and he's saying, you trusted after you heard the word of truth. So it's not something that's deception. It's not something that's a lie mixed with truth but it's a word of truth. So in him, you trusted, you heard the word of truth, the gospel, the good news of your salvation. So this is it, you trusted, you made a choice and you, you know, this is the good news of the salvation, the gospel of your salvation. And the word used there, salvation is soteria, okay? Which again, we, you know, that's a word which is derived from sozo, which means that everything's forgiveness, healing, deliverance, prosperity, peace, right? Everything is packed in that verse, that word. So we'll stop here, verse 13 and we'll continue in our next class, right? Okay. Thank you. I'll just stop the recording. So, Kiran, you want to...