 Today is Tuesday the 8th of November. It's the second day of the 22nd Conference of Parties. Things have started now. All the cleaners are over and we've gone into a negotiating mode. Nothing much has happened so I won't report on negotiations. What I will do today is talk about a group of vulnerable countries that I am closely associated with. I chair the expert advisory group to the group. The group is called the Climate Vulnerable Forum. It started in 2009 before a year before the Copenhagen Summit and it was started by the President of the Maldives. At that time President Nasheed brought together about 15 vulnerable countries from Asia, Africa, Latin America, Caribbean, Pacific and they formed the Climate Vulnerable Forum as a leaders forum. Since then it's continued. It was taken over from Maldives by the President of Kiribati and then after Kiribati it was taken over by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Asina and after that it was the President of Costa Rica. And then last year it was under the presidency of President Aquino of the Philippines who chaired it during the Paris Agreement. At which point it became a much larger group of about 40 vulnerable countries from around the world, mostly developing countries. And advocating for the one and a half degree long term temperature goal which was very successfully adopted in Paris in the last day of the Paris Agreement. Along with the negotiating groups, the least developed country group, the small island states, alliance of small island states, the OSES and the Africa group. Two characteristics of the Climate Vulnerable Forum, firstly it's not a new negotiating group. Its members all belong to separate negotiating groups like the LDC group or the Africa group and they negotiate in their negotiating groups. The CVF is a leadership forum. It's the presidents and ministers coming together at a high level to do one or two advocacy issues only and not negotiate. The other evolution that's taking place particularly under the Philippines leadership is that the ministers of finance of the Climate Vulnerable Forum have formed their own group. They call themselves the V20 in contrast to the G20, the G20 being the group of 20 richest countries, the V20 being the 20 group of the most vulnerable countries although the number is not just 20. And the finance ministers have developed their own program of action and it's particularly focusing on action at the national level. So one of the things that's happened with the Climate Vulnerable Forum is evolved from an advocacy group to an action group and they are doing a lot of South-South actions on renewable energy. Costa Rica is leading on that. Costa Rica is going to become absolutely 100% renewable by 2021 and it's sharing that knowledge with others. Bangladesh is sharing knowledge on adaptation technology. Philippines is sharing it on climate services and so on. The chairmanship of the group has very recently this year been passed on from Philippines to Ethiopia. Under Ethiopia's leadership there will be a number of side events at the leadership level with the ministers when they arrive in Marrakesh next week and I will be participating in those events and reporting on them later on during the COP22.