 The global research community is focusing on developing sustainable biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals through the use of polyhydroxyalkanotes, a promising biomaterial due to its physical chemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Efficient and economic bioprocesses are being designed with social and environmental benefits in mind, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of this venture. The current review presents challenges and opportunities regarding polyhydroxyalkanote production, covering key steps of their overall process through pure and mixed culture biotechnology, from raw bioprocess development to downstream processing. This article was authored by Konstantina Cormensa, Jerssen Placido, Nikolaos Venetsanias, and others.