 Translational research has become increasingly popular due to its ability to bridge the gap between theory and practice. However, this type of research requires collaboration among multiple disciplines, which can be challenging due to differences in language, culture, and values. To address this issue, it is important to develop strategies to improve team science effectiveness. This paper reviews the existing literature on barriers to team science effectiveness and provides recommendations for how to improve team science effectiveness through the application of best practices from the teams and groups literature. This article was authored by Sydney Arbekarowski, Allison M. Trailer, Marisa L. Shuffler, and others.