 So good evening everyone. So we'll see quickly. So we'll see the international organizations. We in the institute, we call it as international organizations, but I can tell you that's for practical reasons. But I can tell you the questions are comprehensively coming from the whole international affairs, international relations and international institutions. Okay, but practical reasons, we mentioned the name organizations, but don't restrict yourself. We are not going to restrict ourselves to the organizations alone. So including the events we are going to see. So we are going to take up some current affairs questions, practical possible current affairs questions, and we are going to see answers for them before we see them. What I wanted to tell you is that suppose I don't know how many of you guys, you sitting here and those who are sitting in online also have attended the pre-storming orientations for international organizations that I've given. Anyone of you sitting in this classroom have attended that? The orientation that I've given? No. Okay then. So those who are sitting in online, those who have already attended the orientation which for pre-storming that I gave, the first 10 minutes of this session is going to be a repetition from that session. Okay for the new listeners, that's okay. It's going to be a very important information. Okay. If you look at the previous year international relations questions, how many questions has come up from the international relations as a whole in the past seven years? If you see it means I've taken only from 2016 to 2022 so that the most recent aspect of the international relations, we can get a pulse of it. If we go little backward 2015-14 means it will be little older. So the IR region is highly dynamic. The questions trends also change us a lot. That is why I fixed the last six, seven years. Okay for analysis, I went through all the seven years previous year questions of international relations in the prelims starting from 2016 to 2022. If you see the number of questions that has come up is 13 questions in 2022. Imagine out of 100 questions, 13 questions from international relations, seven in 2021. There is a huge fluctuation. Yeah. And then there were there was five questions in 20, six in six, 18, seven in eight in 17 and 15 questions in 2016. So this is a huge numbers. These numbers are which means it will determine your success of the entire problem. So this is a subject that you cannot skip. And this is a subject where you can make all the questions right also with smart preparation. And any question that comes up every single question will be answerable questions only doesn't require that much big conceptual understanding. Most of the questions are factual questions only test your memory. You do the reading proper reading from the proper material from the proper areas and then do the proper revision. Any question you can answer. And this is a subject that can determine your success in your problems also. That's the thing you have to keep it in your mind. Every question are answerable. Okay, next important point what I have put up in this bracket is nothing but questions from international related international affairs, international events, international organizations related to environment. Okay, since environment is a separate subject where you will be reading for example, you and any climate change related events you and related or any biodiversity related anything related to that international relations current affair. I've skipped them here. Okay, since you will be reading them for your environment subject, I've consciously avoided environment related questions. But if environment related international relations international organizations also taken into account means actually just 15 questions for 2022. Two questions from environment, three questions from environment, zero questions and one question, three questions, four questions, 12 questions from environment. Look at this year, this is a very strange year. International environment related matters alone 12 questions has come from here. And then 15 questions from non environment related international affairs. So this is the weightage of the subject in your problems. Okay, after going through every single question, seven years less, 60 questions, which means approximately eight to nine questions per year, eight questions for sure, in a year, definitely you will get for international relations, we can make a possible statistical assumption average, we can do it. And where the questions are coming up. After seeing all the 60 questions of the past seven years, I was able to recognize that every single question could be put into any of the 10 baskets, there are only 10 baskets, 10 broad topics, every single international relations question will fit into any of the 10 baskets, there is no 11th basket, I mean, I cannot put any other basket. In fact, the 10th basket itself is miscellaneous. That's a very small number of questions has come miscellaneous, which I cannot put into any of the former nine categories. So I put broadly into 10 categories. And looking at the questions from each of this 11 basket, I prioritize them also into three broad priorities, priority areas one, priority areas two, and priority areas three. So in three, I put up four topics. And then in priority areas two, I put up two topics. And then in priority areas one, I put up five topics. So if you see the international organizations, problems, questions, the questions this area tops this one and the next one tops. So the questions coming from regional, multilateral and global groupings, which may be a formal grouping, or which may be an informal grouping, formal grouping or organization or secretariat, leadership, manual summit, something like that. Informal grouping means there is no formal structure, but the members meet with an agenda, something like that. So either formal or informal, either regional or multilateral or global, whatever it is, such groupings, questions are coming up and this area tops in problems. So much of questions comes up from this area. So what are all the nature of the questions that comes up? Look at this one. Though I have put the word et cetera here, you can give less attention to the et cetera. The remaining words you can pay more attention to, member countries, questions are asking questions, UPSC questions, if you look into original grouping, they'll give which of the following is not a member, whether India's a member, India's a member, the statement is correct or wrong. So the kind of membership of the forums is always becoming a favorite area for UPSC. And then agreements, if suppose any agreements they have made in the recent past, these countries comes together, signs and agreement or does the dialogue or do a conference, go for a meeting, they sign a treaty, they bring a new program, how they make any significant measures, et cetera, everything is becoming questions. But what I've done is that I have et cetera, this is the et cetera that I wanted to tell you. But here I have excluded UN related because UN is a separate basket we can keep that into. So I excluded UN. So except United Nations related, these groupings is becoming a very important area. 11 questions has come up in the seven years between 2016 and 17. And if you want to know, I can tell you every year, minimum one question coming from this area, which is exception is 2020 and 2017, no single question came in these two years. But however, every single year, one question is coming up. And 2022, the three questions came from this area last year. Okay, so but anyway, I can tell you this is a very important area, 11 questions. And this is the top priority area in international relations. So what we are going to do is that in the last one year, what are all the questions and one more information I have to tell you. I went through all the 60 questions of the past seven years. And if you go through, you will come to recognize that 90% of the questions are coming from current affairs related international events only. If they are not asking from any kind of static area, something like that, I can tell you about it. So 10 questions has come up means nine questions are having a clear, strong, perfect, precise current affair rational for it. Current affair in the last one year, starting from the previous June to this coming May. So up to this period in the span of one year, 90% of the questions are coming, reminding that 1% of the questions, it was very strange for me to identify a reason. But even then I can tell you, they have some sort of distant current affair relation, though it is not directly connected to what I can tell you is that last one year, the nine topics, the 10 topics related current events are in the same priority. If you have read now, you can answer. That's the idea. What we are going to do is that in the seven 10 topics, we are going to see some three, four sample questions, current affair questions, okay, possible questions. And we'll do the session in that way. So this is area number one and area number two, international and regional trade and finance related matters. So here I have skipped except finance related matters and except UN related matters, excluding them. The remaining I have mentioned here. And if you go for a trade related matters, that is another priority area. Nine questions has come up in the seven years. And trade or regional trade, finance related matters, what are the questions coming up? If you see it means there I have included WTO IM of a World Bank or economy related, trade related, everything coming up under this area. And they're asking questions about the organizations, their structure, their functions related and the agreements, anything they've made in the recent past, any treaties they've concluded in the past, the programs initiated by them, other initiatives done by them, all these areas, these are the precise areas. So once again, I put up, et cetera, but don't bother about this, et cetera. The remaining words are very crucial questions has come up from this small, small areas, okay, focusing this area. So nine questions in the past seven years. And if you want to know the trend, I can tell you. So one question each year, except 2021 and 2018, except these two years where no questions came, one question coming up every year, 2016, four questions came and 2017, two questions came. So you can understand this is also fluctuating area, but minimum one question in a year, you can get it. And then key terms, you'd have heard. And they'll tell the term and say that this term is recently in news, it is related to what? One, two, three, four, they'll give an option. That's such kind of questions. Once again, this is also a priority area. Nine questions has come up in the past seven years, international organizations, evens, et cetera. And then United Nations, Oregon specialized agencies, programs funds, et cetera. And once again, these questions are not from the static area, don't go and read the UN, all the agencies, everything not needed. Current-of-year related, last one year, current-of-year, what are all the United Nations related things are in news? Only from them questions come. And seven questions in the past seven years. And almost every single year, one question except 2020 and 2017, every remaining years in the past six years, except two, all the four years questions has come. Some years, even two questions, three questions coming up like that. It has come up like that. So these are the first priority areas. Last one year, from this five broad baskets, whatever has happened in the one year, IAS parliament, you are referring to, prepare them. I can tell you that minimum. It's supposed 10 questions. Let's assume eight questions are coming up. I can tell you four to five questions from this five baskets alone you can answer. Okay, we'll see the sample questions also. And then going for the second priority topic, looking at the previous year trend, major event area, country, ethnic group, anything. So ABI region is in news, right? The earthquake in Turkey or flood in Pakistan, that is, that's everybody knows it. The southeast to Fiji lower, volcano has erupted underwater volcano. So these regions in news, events in news, ethnic groups in news, such areas, any ethnic group, any country. So these areas also seems to be a prominent area. Those seven questions in the past seven years, I can tell you one thing. Four questions came in 2022. One year, four questions came in 2022 in this year. But still I put up in second priority areas, not in first priority, because question came in 2018, 16 and 2022 only three years ago, the question has come from this topic, remaining years, no four years, no questions, three years less, seven questions, 2022, four questions. So you can understand this is a highly fluctuating area, because in 2022, they asked four questions from this one single topic alone. So maybe this is a trend of UPSC, maybe not, this is a random odd year, or this is a trend, the beginning of a trend coming year also they may ask. So this is a doubtful thing only. And then, but still I've put up in second priority only. Next one is reports, indexes, including various reports. And the reports are various indexes. If anything is there, what is India's ranking and how the indexes are calculated. These questions are also a favorite area of UPSC. And this seven question has come up, but here I can tell you about this particular area, because last two, three years no single question has come from this, this reports indexes and all those things. But before that last three years, which means up to 2020, 2021, 2022 no question has come. But if you see from 2016 to 2019, every single year one question minimum came from this area. And even I can tell you 2019 two questions and 2016 three questions came from reports indexes. But this is a very dry area, you know, because it's huge number of reports published by different bodies and indexes, indexes ranking and where India stands, how this index is calculated. The sub elements of the indexes, all those things are becoming questions, means it's a high factual area. We get often we get this kind of confusion also this area, but still, but last three years no question has come. So I had a choice whether to keep it as a priority area or least priority area. So I was in a doubt so better, I kept it as a second priority areas. And then if you go for the third priority areas, the nuclear related, military related, security related, collective security related items in the news. No security related events are happening a lot. Azerbaijan, Armenia is fighting, Israel is fighting with Syria and then Russia is fighting with Ukraine. So world over conflicts are going on, NATO is in news, CSTO is in news. And then Warsaw Pact is also though it is defunct, it is also being discussed the security related events a lot is happening world over. And that area is also another area. But it is a, as I said, it's a third priority, least priority area. I kept it. But this year, this may be more comes up and then bilateral and global trade by India, India's trade with a country with European Union, what is India's? But though it is a very rare area, that's also one of the area questions has come up, but only three questions in the past seven years. That's a strange area I can tell you. So 2021 question, 2017 two questions, only two years questions has come from this area. 2017 to 2020, the one remaining areas, remaining years no single question has come. So this is important, not important, we cannot say, but this is one area where questions has come up in international relations. And then sports, strangely, I can tell you 10 years before, very regularly, every single year, UPSC will ask questions from sports almost 12, 13 years back. Every year they'll ask questions, but they have skipped the trend. There is no sports question at all coming up and nobody was reading to, but strangely, one year 2020, so I've said three questions in the past seven years. But to be precise, I can tell you three questions came only in one year 2021, only one year in the past seven years, I can even tell you go for past 10 years. Only one year sports related question has come, that was unusual. Three questions in one year, yeah, determining. It is very interesting because 2021, the three questions, for instance, they said Laura's World Sports Award, they mentioned that award, who received the award and what is the nature of that award, something like that statements came. And then 30 seconds, some summer Olympics was conducted before that exam. So on the summer Olympics, who won, what was the performance, something like that, who what, what, what medal they got, something like that. And then ICC World Test Championship learned one question has come. So cricket lovers would have find it an interesting question. Anyway, so, so this is a highly fluctuating area once again, and reminding I've kept it under miscellaneous four questions in the span of six years, seven years, four questions, I cannot put up in any of the above nine baskets. Okay, that completely strange, odd questions that stood out. For example, question one year 2022, and I have to tell you one thing, on the four miscellaneous questions came only in 2022. Okay, you know how the question was, Vietnam's economic growth, Vietnam's political system, and Vietnam, why it is growing fastly. The statements were given related to that, Vietnam country related to that. And then right to city by some United Nations efforts of right to city, about that one question came. And then Global Ocean Commission, it is related to seabed exploration by India, something related to that one question came. And there is one water credit, no one international event related to one thing came. These four questions I cannot fix into any of the above nine. Okay, but all these four, I can put it as least priority areas. So this is a question has come, we are going to take up each one single area. And even if you're preparing, I would suggest you first to finish up the first priority areas, all the one year current affairs like we have already done means the revision process I'm saying, because already would have studied internationalations, a lot of internationalations in the recent period. If you have already done it means regarding the revision, regarding the areas incomplete and all those things go for first priority, first finish them and then go for second priority, finish them and then you can come for the third priority, first and second priority do a lot of revisions as much revisions as possible. So this is the thing which I said it in orientation. I've repeated again here. Now let's get into the purpose of the present session. Okay. So let's take up each of this area and we'll see current affairs related questions that I have framed based on UPSC standards. I've framed some questions and we'll go through them. So regional, multilateral and global groupings, both formal and informal, these are all the areas where I'm excluding two things. One is UN and its agencies plus trade related, trade and finance related. So except these two areas, UN and these two, the remaining all regional, multilateral, whatever in yours, I went through them and I've handpicked some three to four questions. Okay. Okay. So let's go through the questions. So the questions which has been already asked from these areas in the pre-storming, I've skipped them. Okay. Though one or two questions, overlapping questions came, which is not covered in pre-storming but still which is relevant for this UPSC coming problems. I have chosen some three photo questions. Okay. Read this first question. Consider the following statements and try to find an answer. I think you guys can answer also. Okay. Consider the following statements in connection with the Indian Ocean region in the recent news. Under the China Indian Ocean region forum meeting held recently, which was held in December 2022. Okay. China proposes to establish a marine disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation mechanism between China and countries in the Indian Ocean region. Is the statement true? The Indian Ocean Rim Association with its 23 members from the region has disaster reduction as one of the six priority areas. Is it true? Both the statements are true actually because in December 2022, China called up and nearly as many as 19 different countries from the region went and participated in this meeting. And this is very sensitive because India reacted with a lot of, India reacted with concerns regarding that because China said that we are meeting all of these member countries. Our purpose is to respond quickly to the disaster management. If you look at it, means recent period in the Indian Ocean region or the areas closer to the proximate to the Indian Ocean region, any natural disaster happens, which is the first country to respond quickly. Now India is one of the first country. Indian Navy is very quickly responding. So that is a legacy that we have established. And China wants to kind of, they want to break this kind of the India's ability. So recent period, China said that disasters and all happens, we need to respond to it quickly. So the more number of member countries from the Indian Ocean region, they are able to establish a good relationship. Then future disaster or Navy, we are planting there in Maldives or here like that they can say and they can place the Navy's and all. They have said it actually 19 countries participated and this is a strategically more important event for India. So this is Indian Ocean Rim Association has six priority areas. In the six priority areas, the disaster risk reduction is one of the area. Okay. So there are six areas there. And I suggest you to go through all the six priority areas of the Indian Ocean region and Indian Ocean region. So Indian Ocean Rim Association is also very important this year for this one reason. Anyway, so next, I'll go for the next question. Anyway, quick, those who have answered both one and two are absolutely right. Others, so answer both one and two. Let's go for the question number two, which of the following statements regarding the Ray Senior Dialogue is not correct. It was in current affair once again. It is India's premier conference on geopolitics and geo-economics. The dialogue is conducted annually at New Delhi, India. It's a meeting between public heads of private sector, media and academia. It's an initiative of India under its G20 leadership, which of the above statements is correct and which is not correct. The one statement that is wrong. D is wrong. Why D is not correct. It's not related to, but who actually conducts this Ray Senior Dialogue and who initiates its Ministry of External Affairs with Observer Research Foundation, ORF and Ministry of External Affairs of India, of Government of India. They together are conducting this one. And this is a multi-sectoral multi-stakeholders comes up, government heads of the states comes up. Politicians stop politicians, stop ministers comes up for the meeting. Private sector comes up, academia comes up, media comes up. It's a multi-stakeholder meeting and they are doing this talks at Ray Senior Dialogue. So most of you has made it right. And the questions I've made it in now are kind of fluctuated standard, which means some difficult questions will be there and some easy questions will be there. I've tried to stick to the UPSC's pattern. Anyway, so this question easily most of you answered. Okay, we'll go for the, anyway, go through this Ray Senior Dialogue that was in news. And it is conducted annually also. So every year it is in news. And then next, which of the following statement is not correct with respect to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. That was also SEO is a very, very important organization, particularly post this Taliban taking over Afghanistan and for variety of reasons. SEO is a very important organization. It is news. Actually, it is in news. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of population. Is it true? Is it true? I mean, who are all the member countries of this SEO? India, China, how many countries? Eight countries are there. And India, China is there. And then Russia is there. If your Pakistan is there, if you calculate them itself, won't you get the 40% of the world's population? Don't you get it? Yeah, you get it? No. So that's true, actually, the statement. You can even make an assumption. So why you struggle for this to arrive at this option? So answer A is correct, actually, consists of the 40% of the world's population. And it is also, if you look at it, geospatial extent also, the geographical extent also, if you look at it, this grouping forms the world's largest ones. China, Russia, India. So larger part of your ratio, the larger part comes. It focuses on economic and political cooperation among the member countries. Is it true? Yes, it focuses on political matters, security related matters, economic related, all the matters. It's actually a comprehensive organization, which looks into politics as well as economic, both the things. Second statement is also correct. Which one is wrong? It is governed by the heads of the state council, its supreme decision making body, which meets once a year. Is it true SEO heads of the state meets once a year? SEO? Yes. Come on, everybody online. That's true. India and Belarus, Iran and Belarus are the pairs of countries that trying for observer status in the SEO presently. Is it true? Yes or no? That's wrong, actually. This is the statement that's wrong because already they both are members, observers. They are asking for full membership presently and most possibly they'll get the membership very soon, these two countries. But already there are four observers, eight member countries and four observer states are there. Observer is Afghanistan is there and then we have Iran as observer and then Belarus as member. This Belarus has supported Russia's invasion of Ukraine. That's the one country which has openly supported. So Russia is in the process of backing Belarus and Iran and Belarus will get the membership. And then one more country, I think it's Mongolia. It should be. Yeah, already observers. The one more country is Mongolia. So these are the countries, the full statement is wrong. So this is the time to test you also. You are prepared in your current affairs and all those things, your preparation, you can test your status of preparation also. We'll go for the next question quickly. I'll go for the next question. So second area, international, regional, trade, finance related organizations, agreements, treaties, those things that has come up in the past. I've framed some three or four questions. Let's see whether it's answerable for you or not. Which of the following is not an outcome of the 12th ministerial conference of WTO held recently? Very recently, because of this COVID, some of the conferences, global institutions or the conferences and all were not conducted. So some of them they went for virtual summits, some of the conferences through global summits and they did not go for at all. Now opposed to COVID in the 2020, so many conferences have happened. For instance, ministerial conference, 12th ministerial conference happened after a gap of five years. Look at it, five years before problems writing guys only were preparing the previous 11th ministerial conference of outcomes. So you are the guys going after five years with the ministerial conference of WTO would outcome has already happened. So I suggest you definitely and UN FCC also, 27th conference of parties has happened, which is almost after a gap of nine years it has happened. Okay, so you are the guys going for problems after a gap of nine years preparing COP of outcomes. So the WTO also that outcome I would suggest you because this question is very limited because I have kept just four options here that to one option is wrong option. So proper three outcomes of WTO's 12th conference only I have kept it here, but I would suggest you definitely you would have read by this time WTO order 12th conference outcomes. If not go through all the outcomes of this as I said it's happening in a gap of five years. Members committed to work towards having a well functioning dispute settlement systems accessible to all the members by 2024. Is it true? Is it an outcome? In fact that's the first outcome or before 2024 the dispute settlement mechanisms for a well functioning settlement system which is accessible to all the members and whether it's one of the major outcome it's a direct outcome. It's just a cut and pay statement. Agreement on curtailing harmful fishing subsidies was made. Is it true? That is true related to lot of fishing related harmful fishing subsidies the agreement was made in this also. Agreement on global food security under which the members agreed to a binding decision to exempt food purchased by the UN's World Food Program for Humanitarian purposes from any export restrictions. Is it true? Particularly because of this Russia crime war there is a shortage of this supply this humanitarian emergencies and all happening. So the countries have come to this agreement. This is an one important outcome related to the current happening. So global members agreed to a binding decision to exempt they made a binding decision. That's the most important it's considered as a bigger one of the achievement of this ministerial conference. Binding decision to exempt food purchased by the UN's World Food Program from any export restrictions. So countries cannot keep India or any country cannot keep any restrictions on the food products V to rice and all those matters which is procured by United Nations of the World Food Program. Other bios you can put the restrictions but not for the WFP and then members agree to permanently waive intellectual property patents on COVID-19 vaccines without the consent of the patent holder. This is the wrong statement since all the first three are right now. This is the wrong statement. What is the problem with the statement? It's not permanently it is only for temporary for five years. So for five year period COVID vaccines intellectual property rights waiver will be there only for five years. After five years the patent holder will get his intellectual rights back. So this is only a temporary measure not a permanent measure anyway. So that's that is what making this statement wrong. Okay. Yeah, D is false. C is true. That's right. D is correct. Iran is a member country of SU. Iran is not a member. They've asked for membership. Okay the process was started because the same issue happened with another student also. They have started the process but have they become full-fledged members? Number eight. Yeah, I'll confirm it before this class. Okay. Iran is set to be. Yeah, they started the process and the process is going on. Okay. It should have been this year. Right. India's chairman. So India's presidency. I'll just confirm it in a few minutes. We'll further question number two. Which of the following statements regarding the Indo-Pacific economic framework for prosperity is not correct, which is not correct. So all the four statements are here very quickly. Come on guys answer. It was launched jointly by the US and other partner countries of the Indo-Pacific region May 2022 in Tokyo, Japan. Is it true? Come on. It aims to strengthen economic partnership among economic partnership related forum. India's a member and this grouping together constitutes 40% of the global GDP. Indo-Pacific economic. The framework strictly adheres to the principles related to trade and supply chain resilience alone. The statement is wrong. Actually, they have four pillars. The remaining all three are correct. The forum is essentially resting on four pillars. In the four pillars, trade is one pillar, supply chain resilience is second pillar and then taxes and anti-corruption is fourth measure is one pillar and then they have one more pillar. Anyone of you? I missed that one more pillar. Anyone? Some of it is related to environment. It's related to environment. Clean energy, right? Clean energy, decarbonization. I'm very sorry. Clean energy and decarbonization. Yeah. Thank you. So these are the four areas, three and four areas, not just alone. It's not that this is one of the area and these two areas. It's a very important significant grouping. India is a member to this grouping. Anyway, most of you has made it right. Yeah. Clean energy, clean energy, not economic. Most of you made it right. That's good. We'll go for the next so third area, key terms, the terms which was in yours. Let's check which of the following is correct regarding the Black Sea grain initiative seen in the news recently. I think most of you can answer very quickly. It's an agreement between Russia and Ukraine made with the Turkey and the UN during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Is it true? Is it true? That's true. To keep this Black Sea, there are a number of ports are there and the Black Sea ports the grain movement, Russia or Ukraine will not hinder. Their war will not stop the supply. So it's an assured supply which will go along. The grains will be supplied along the Black Sea without any interruption, though Russia or Ukraine going for a war. That's the assurance that was made. But very recently, it was agreement in 2022 but very recently in the last two, three months, Russia said that it is going to back out from the initiative. Russia is not going to be part of this standing until they've said it. So that's a threat that has come up. That's why it is in news and attempt by Russia to recover its warship Moskva, which was synced by Ukraine forces in the Black Sea. That's wrong. Actually, this Moskva ship of Russia was hit and it was submerged. That statement is true but on the statement, the name is not Black Sea initiative. In fact, there is no name for it. It was an event that has happened. You can be familiar with that event also. It's Russia's second option, Russia's initiative to increase its crude oil export from the Black Sea ports. In fact, they have increased a lot of crude oil export via Black Sea port that have done it but it's not this name. Multilateral military exercise hosted by USA, that's wrong. The imaginary statement that I've created. Anyway, statement to see that is Black Sea grain initiative. That term was in news. Most of you has made it right. Good. Iran was accepted as a permanent member under India's leadership, SU and meeting held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. I'll confirm it. I'll confirm it in this class. In PIB, they have mentioned as clean economy. I've read it as a clean energy in some authentic source only. Direct website, I think. Anyway, the term pink tide that was in news recently is related to. I have kept three options here. Fourth one in the last. Okay. Quickly go through all the four. The pink tide that was in news recently is related. It's one type of harmful oil, gold, bloom around Florida's Gulf Coast. Is it true? First statement, is it true? Actually, this is red tide. Not just in Florida's Gulf Coast. Recently, they have taken a sample from there. Coastal or red sea arc. I mean, the sea waters like red because of this harmful algae. The world over various places would have phenomena, but samples recently taken there. That is why it was in news. It is a tide scene at the Mumbai beaches reported in the news recently. Not recently. In 2022, there was a news in Mumbai, but that is related to blue algae. I mean, blue tide it was called as blue tide. I mean, sea looked perfect, deep blue. Yeah, you can see that because some space activities, moon is coming there here. A lot of changes, some reflection. Sea looked so blue. They called it as blue tide. It's a good images and all there, but it is not. It's blue tide. It's not related to pink tide. Increase in women participation in agriculture in the recent past world over, as stated by FAO's report on the status of women in the agree food systems. This report is published by FAO only. What is this statement true? See D also you go through before making any decision. It's a political wave and perception of a turn towards left wing governments and Latin American democracies moving away from the neoliberal economic model in the 21st century. Come on. Then finally, you guys struck between C and D. Tell me quickly which is the option. C or D? C D. Since it is pink and girls are there now. Yeah. C you are going. C is wrong. Yeah. D. Okay. So it's D actually. Okay. You see Latin America. So many countries are moving towards left wing. In fact, I can tell you this is one of the world over the top 10 events that have shaped the world. If you see it in the past one year 2022, this is one of the significant event. Most of the Latin American countries are moving towards left wing. Leftist countries, leftist political parties are coming to power. So liberalism all day moving towards liberalism, but strangely Latin American countries are shifting towards left wing. Left wing parties are coming to power. In the surge in left wing parties coming to the power, they are giving a name pink title. Okay. That the term is very popular. Yeah. That's one of the significant event of. Yeah. Yeah. Now the term is very much in news. Anyway, so answer is D. I thought that you guys will confuse if pink is related with women somehow I felt that's right. And then but don't get confused. UPSC also does that. Okay. Let's go for the third question. I think most of you guys can answer also. This is one of the world's humanity or the first event kind of that. Anyway, I'm not giving any clue. Dark mission seen in the news recently is related to which of the following mission by NASA under which Sunita Williams held the record for most space walks by a woman. She kept a record or not. I mean, she's the woman who did the most number of space walks. That is true. She did that record and the first statement is true, but on the mission, the name is not dark mission. In fact, there is no name for that mission. It's a space mission by NASA aimed at testing a method of planetary defense against near-earth objects. That is true. That was a big achievement. Okay. An asteroid is coming and they hit it successfully. They hit it. An asteroid that is approaching the earth. They hit it and they blast it. Just a dark mission. Google it now. Google has a surprise for you that I can tell you. When you get in your free time, you can do it. Not no. Yeah. Just type dark mission. Google will give you a cute surprise. They'll give you. And then see mission by USA government to facilitate establishment of car companies of the 21st century by driving the world's transition to electric wheels. That's wrong. That's wrong. None of the above. Yeah, you know that. It's not actually Tesla's planning. He has made a plan, but anyway, you don't bother about it. B is right. I felt most of you can go right for this question. Area for United Nations. Questions related to the UN we'll see very quickly. Consider the following statements about the UN Statistical Commission. It was in news very recently. Why? It's the highest body world over. It is one of the it is one of the it is the highest body world over related to setting up statistical standards and all those things. It's UN order body. It is very important to body. Not that important, but still it is assuming importance for UPC this year. Why? Because India has elected as the chairperson to this UN Statistical Commission very recently in the last three, four months. Very recently, India has been elected. Anyway, so let's see the statements. It is responsible for setting up statistical standards and the development of concepts and methods, including their implementation at the national international levels. Come on. Yes, sir. No. One first statement is correct or wrong. I've given. Yeah, only two statements. One and two both. Both are correct. First statement is correct. The Commission consists of 24 member countries of the UN, elected by the UN Economic and Social Council. That's true on the basis of equitable geographical distribution. Yeah, some continents because some some seeds like that they're giving through a secret ballot system. That is true. It's it's through which India has contested and India is one. Okay. And it's a good number of votes. India's got because UN Economic and Social Council has got some 54 something members out of the 54 members of 46 members voted in support of India. That's a grand success for India. Anyway, so that's why this one is in news statistics. Census is going to come up once this election gets over and all those things. Anyway, both the statement are correct. So answer is both one and two. Let's go for the next question. Consider the following statements with regard to the UN Security Council's Counterterrorism Committee. This was also in news because because its meeting was conducted in India recently. Okay. That's why it is very important and India is a victim of terrorism for very long. So naturally you guys are expected to keep it's one of the top priority area for the problems for India. So Delhi declaration on countering the use of new and emerging technologies for only two statements, I guess. Yeah. And then comes both one and two neither one or two only two statements come on quickly. Delhi declaration on countering the use of new and emerging technologies for terrorist purposes is adopted as a part of the committee's special meeting held recently. Is it true? That's true. Counterterrorism Center is assisted by Executive Directorate CTE which carries out its policy decisions and conduct expert assessments of the all the 193 countries of the UN member states. Any country they can make an assessment, they can prepare a report about the status and all those things. Is it true? Come on. Second statement quickly. D most of you is putting D. That's true. Both one and two. C is correct. Not neither one nor two. Both the statements are true. Okay. The CTE and this is a very important function and it conducts expert assessments of all the 193 countries. They make an assessment about their supporting of terrorism or related to that and all those things. So both one and two are correct. And then next question. Universal periodic review. Sometimes seen in the news recently is related to which of the following. All the four are here. Which one is true? Universal periodic review. Yeah, that is true. It is D human right obligations. It is actually Sri Lanka has very recently did this review. Particularly you guys from Tamil Nadu. You must be knowing it. Yeah. It's a straight driven. It's a voluntary process. The state has to do a voluntary assessment. Human rights are not status or how it is in their country whether they are speaking to the human rights norms. They are protecting it and all. They have to make a good review and they have to submit it. Okay. The voluntary process that is done by a country. Okay. Universal review. It is established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. UN General Assembly 2006. It's a voluntary peer review process. So what are the steps they have taken to protect their human rights situation in their country and what are the steps they have taken to fulfill the human right obligations of the UN. Okay. UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. What steps they have taken to fulfill their obligations. All those things they have to make and they have to submit a reporter. And three countries helps comes together. They call it as Troikaas to help a country to do this periodic review. Three peer countries comes together. That's why. Anyway, so answer is D. Most of you made it right. Consider the following statements about the Interpol. Interpol also repeatedly in news anyway. Its head is elected by the UN General Assembly for a four year term. Is it true? Is it true? Come on. UN General Assembly elects the head of the Interpol and the term is four years. First statement is correct actually. It's why because I can tell you one reason this is a very important current of year. Yeah. Why Interpol is important because this is the second time in its history. It's a truly global body. 195 member countries are there and Interpol. Even the countries which is non-members of UN also. 193 is UN. 195 is Interpol. This body is whole conducting its second conference in Delhi, not second conference. Since its establishment in in 1997, they made their first one of the in the other first conference of Interpol was in 1997. In the other second conference is happening of Interpol. That is why in news. It was set up in 1923. And this is 100 years. Interpol is celebrating 100 years. So it is very naturally dis-expected. You guys learn about Interpol. Okay. Interpol is celebrating 100 years means and it is conducting its conference in India means meeting in India for Delhi for years. Four days to their conducting means that's why Interpol is very crucial this year. The president of the Interpol is elected by the General Assembly. One of the member states and he holds for a period of four years and it has and it has a full time secretary general also and that secretary general is also elected by the General Assembly but he is for a five year term. The head on the executive is for four years. Secretary general is also elected by the same General Assembly but he is for five years. General Assembly lays down the policy for the execution. UN General Assembly puts the policy for the execution. I mean day to day functioning what Interpol has to do. All the executive functions of the Interpol is listed by provided by the UN General Assembly. Yes sir. Yes that is also true. General Assembly plays a very crucial role in setting the mandate under the red notice of Interpol a request is made to any UN member nations that if the named individual is located in their country immediately they should communicate to the country in which that person is wanted. Is it true? Nithyananda is here only. Do they have to communicate to India something like that? I'm asking if it is a member country. Yes sir. No. It is what red notice that the purpose is this one. Is it true? That is true. So all the three statements are true. One, two and three. All the three are correct. You guys made the options D. That is correct. Okay. We'll go to the next question. UN General Assembly policy for execution by the Interpol secretary. Interpol secretary day to day functioning. I mean what do they perform? All this thing mandated on the UN General Assembly makes and gives it to them. Okay and time to time they can change it also. Interpol does not have a separate force. What? No, no, no they does not have a separate force. But it has a separate president not executive actually the office is called as president. Interpol president is there and they have a secretary at also secretary general. As I said Interpol load a structure and functioning definitely read this year. It was established in 1923 and this is 2023 which means 100 years no I told already. Don't miss this interval this year. We'll go to the next question. So major event area country ethnic group etc in news. Let's see your awareness in this area. Consider the following pairs. How many pairs given below are correctly matched? One pair only two pairs all the three pairs none of the above pairs. Okay. Bakhmuth area was in news. It's a stadium in Indonesia in which human clashes. People clashed among themselves resulted in deaths of hundreds of people. Some 200 people got killed for a clash or a stadium clash. Is it Bakhmuth is one is right? Huh? Is it the Bakhmuth next one is Kanjruhorn an area in the eastern Ukraine under attack by the Russian troops. Is it true? Sindh flood happened due to heavy monsoon rains. Is it true? Sindh province of Pakistan flood the heavy rains. Come on. The events happened in this year. That's true. Sindh and Balochistan these are the two areas. Heavy rain happened. The third statement is true. This one is wrong because it is actually exchanged. It is called as battle of Bakhmuth. The Bakhmuth and it's one of the strategic area in eastern Ukraine where Russia invaded Russian troops focused that area and tried to capture that area. Why significant Bakhmuth was significant because it's kind of a junction which means so many roads get divided there. I mean if you capture that area you can block entry into various parts. Okay. It's like a junction area. A lot of things are there. So Bakhmuth was focused. So battle of Bakhmuth they call it. It's an area in eastern Ukraine. Russian troops attacked. And then Kanjruhan is a stadium. It's a name of a stadium. 200 around people got killed because it's a football soccer stadium. Two football teams match. One team won. Somehow clashes happened between supporters of this team and that team. Strange. Not even two countries. I don't know. But two teams for human clashes and that's one of the worst event of this year which is around 200 people got killed. That's something notable. Crowd management was very bad. Indonesia it is. It is in Indonesia. Okay. The name of the stadium is Kanjruhan. So answer is only one pair. Any one of you made it right? A. Only one pair is correct. Bakhmuthinokrayen. Very good. That's right. D is incorrect. Yeah. Only one pair is correct. Let's go for the next question. How many pairs given below are correctly matched? The term that was in news. Important reason for being in the news. Soft landing. A cyclical slowdown in economic growth that avoids recession. Is it true? What's called a soft landing? The term. What does it mean? First is right or wrong. Eating or heating. The term was also very popular last year. Inflation affecting the lives of poorer sections of the UK. It's a marine underwater volcano in southeast Fiji. Come on. Have you guys heard these terms? This is true. You're saying true? That's true. Soft landing. Soft landing is true. Actually, the economy is doing very well and then it slows down. Slowly it slows down and then gradually it gets flattened. Okay. It's a cyclical process. Once again, it's a cyclical slowdown. I mean, it's a theory that says that when an economy grows very well and then it falls down. It slowly falls down and it reaches a some point and then the growth rate will be flattened. There is no improvement. There is no decreasing. This flattened economic status will be there for some years and then economy will grow again, fall down. This is a theory. In some of the western countries, I think USA, UK and all, they are coming under the cyclical soft landing concept. They are coming up. The term was in news because the world inflation report and all published by which body. An important report, a global report, a report about the economy. They said that the economy is going to slow down for some countries inflation and all. I forget that report is very crucial for India's case also. I have kept some questions also. I think I'll tell you before this class ends. I'll tell you guys eating or heating. This term was also very much popular. This true inflation affecting the lives of poorer sections in UK. In the winter period due to inflation and price rise, the people were struggling to spend money because too much winter means they need to heat up. They need to spend money to heat their house, homes, all those things. Whether they will spend money for that or they'll spend the money for the food, they were cutting both. Due to the shortage, poorer sections were affected a lot and eating or heating in return become very much popular and it was repeatedly, it was discussed during throughout the winter period in not just in UK. It's the name of a volcano or region. It's the name of that place or something. It's not actually a term that is given but it's actually a name of the region or the volcano. So answer this all the three. All the three pass. Let's quickly go for the next question. The region Fargana, sometimes seen in the news recently, is associated with which of the following. Tell me ARB and the next slide, CRD is there. It is the protest site in Iran where people mobilized to raise slogan against the moral polis of Iran. Iran people came and protested against moral polis and all, you know that. That's one of the bigger event this year. Is it the place Fargana? That's in Tehran. It's in Iran's capital city Tehran, not Fargana. It is the border region divided between Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan where Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan had conflicts. Is it true? Is it true? As conflict has happened between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, did war go between? Conflict happened between the two armies between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. That's true. Conflict happened between the two. Two forces cool the conflict happened. There is no doubt in that. And the next, it's a landlocked mountainous and forested region falling along the Azerbaijan and Armenia border where both the countries are facing conflict. Yeah, that's yeah. That means this is the option actually. It's the worst earthquake affected region along the Turkey-Syria border. Actually, the Turkey-Syria that the entire stretch went for a worst earthquake. It's one of the worst earthquakes of the humanity. They say it is sixth biggest or fifth biggest. Yeah, it's humanity order, fifth or sixth biggest death, some bigger earthquake. It is a huge loss. But there's no such name. Fargana region is not there. It's the entire belt they went to this one. And this region is also under conflict only. Armenian, Azerbaijan are border conflict or worst border clash. Both the armies went also. But the name is what? Caucasus region, not the Fargana. Fargana is this region. Actually, Fargana is a disputed territory between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Same ethnic groups. One ethnic group lives, but all the three are splitting among the three. Kind of highly artificial created international border. It is going against the ethnic people living there. But this Fargana is a disputed region that was in news. Answer is B for Bombay. I'll send you the material anyway. Nuclear, military, regional and security, collective security, etc. All those things in news. Consider the following statements about Akhus. Most of you can make it right. Anyway, it will be easy for most of you anyway. Three statements, which of the above was correct statements. It's a trilateral security partnership for the Indo-Pacific region between Australia, UK and the US. Is it true? It's a security partnership. True. The major highlight of this arrangement is the sharing of US nuclear submarine technology to Australia. Very recently, that's also true. It involves cooperation across emerging technologies related to emerging technologies and also related to undersea capabilities argumentation. Is it true? True. Actually, it's the only sub outcome. It's the main goal. Cooperation related to emerging technologies, artificial intelligence, new technology, whatever it is, newly emerging. All those matters, three countries will coordinate and cooperate with each other and undersea capabilities, they'll maximize and all those things. Already, we have acquired, but still they are bringing this Akhus and all. I'm bringing UK here once again. Anglosphere and all this in news. All the three paths, one, two and three. So next area, reports, indexes. This is the last area. Miscellaneous sports areas and all. I have kept no question. So this is the last area. Two, three questions are there and then session going to over. Reports, indexes including their components and publishing bodies. As I told last three years, no questioners came from reporter. But before that and all, regularly, questions come. One year, three reports coming, four reports coming and all. It's common previously. So let's see the questions here. Two, three questions will wind up the session. Consider the following statements. Three. Okay. Just three statements. Which is true, which is false. State of world population report. This report is very much relevant to this year for India because yeah, that's the historic thing we are going to achieve. Yeah. It's published once in a decade by the UN population fund. Is it true? First statement is true or false. India's population is pegged to reach 142.86 crore against China's 142.57 crore by July 2023. Roughly 29 lakhs. Is it true? Third India's total fertility rate was estimated at two, which is lower than the world average. The reports regarding this report, all this three is true. 2.2. India, it's not two. Is it not two? Sure. I think it is two. Sure, guys. India's fertility rate. I think third statement is true. No, according to this report, it is estimated 2.0. According to the report, it is 2.0. 2.0. Third statement is correct. Okay, this is correct. Is this correct? Yes, this is correct. 29 lakhs will be above them. It's published once in a decade by UN. Is it published by UN population fund? Come on, everybody. It's published by UN population fund, but not in a decade. It's published annually. Though it is published annually, this year report alone made a big news because of this observation for India's case. India in the report only this year is making big news. It's not a decade. It's annual report. Every year they publish it. So answer is two and three only. Okay, quickly. Two and three only. Which of the following really is the world economic situation and prospects 2023 report? Yeah, this report only. This is the report I was speaking about previously. World-level inflation, economic growth and a very important report. This report is the report. Who released the question alone? I have kept it, but I suggest you go through the basic summary of this report. At least a basic five, six points. That is enough. The UPSC will not dig deeper. The report would have basic observations or five or six points and a basic material, what you read, that alone you go through. So UN's Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UNDESA, UNCTAD, Uval Economic Forum, IMF, which one? Who publishes this report? Answer is IMF according to FHS. No, not according to FHS or something, according to this report. The question is related to this report. Okay, DIMF, you guys are putting A, somebody is putting was putting A, Rudra Lalam is putting A, and that is Akash Kumar is putting A. A is right. Actually, it is published by United Nations Department of, as I said, I suggest you reported a basic observations just in a half a page, five, six basic observations in a very basic material, I suggest you to go through. It is actually published by them, not by any of them, because in the report on the significant, India's case, a big article was written. Anyway, that's the number of questions I've kept it, sample questions. It's like a quick revision for you guys. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. So every single question is last one year current affair only. I did not go beyond. And those who have answered that you have checked your status of preparation and all, that's okay. Those who found it, you didn't answer and all. This is a time to learn. You learnt the information. That's how we have to take it. As I said, except one or two questions, which is not in the pre-storming questions, all the pre-storming international organizations related questions, all current affairs related, very significant questions. I tried to take not any questions from the pre-storming, which is students not exposed to, but still significant international events. And I tried to do that balance. And that's how I've made these questions. So apart from this, I would strongly suggest you guys go through the international organizations pre-storming questions. I think three tests or two tests has been conducted. So 200 or 75, 25 current affair or around 150 or maybe 225 questions in pre-storming international organizations are there. I would suggest you definitely for this problems go through it because both the pre-storming tests, three tests or two tests, all the questions that has asked from international organizations, 90% question current affair with UPSA standard they asked. I felt the question paper is very, very important. I suggest you to go through the pre-storming question papers and the answer keys also. So anyway, that's a quick revision we had. Thank you all guys.