 In this topic, we will be talking about the different types of tasks which affect the performance management process of expatriates. We discussed in the previous topic that the various types of tasks are involved in performing a job. So the type of tasks will affect how the performance management process takes place and how rigorous and how complex the performance management process has to be according to the tasks which are to be performed by the international employee. So various types of tasks could be there in a particular job, but in this particular topic we have classified the tasks into four categories and these categories may be performed by one person, they may be performed by multiple people. So it is possible that the job of a person can involve all these tasks. It is possible that the job of the person may involve a combination of these tasks. So this is not a boundary that a person who is conducting the task of CEO or subsidiary manager cannot be a structure reproducer, but rather it is possible that a person who is conducting the CEO task will also be doing the structure reproducer task both in line with each other. So it is not the boundary between the persons, it is the boundary rather a mental category in which the tasks have been differentiated so that the performance of the person on each of these tasks can be separately measured because they require different knowledge skills and abilities, they require different type of attitudes and they lead to different type of outcomes. So that is why we need to distinguish the tasks that a person has to perform in an international context. So in the expatriate tasks, the number one task which an expatriate manager may need to perform is that of CEO or subsidiary manager. So if the person is at the CEO level then that person would be managing the entire subsidiary or if it is the subsidiary manager like a person who is heading the finance function or the marketing function then that would be particularly related with that particular unit of the organization. So the task of the person CEO or subsidiary manager is oversee and direct entire foreign operations. So the task of a CEO is to make sure that everything is going according to plans, everything is under control and that person is as a figurehead for the entire subsidiary and sitting at top of the organization to make sure that everything is right working under the foreign operation. So that is the task of monitoring, that is the task of overseeing, that is the task to make sure that the organization is going in the right direction. It is going in the right direction according to the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. It is going in the right direction in terms of its local relevance and it is going in the right direction in terms of the employees who are working in that organization. So from all different aspects the CEO has to make sure that the organization is moving in the right direction. So CEO has to make sure that the direction of organization is according to the goals and objectives which are set by the multinational in a global scenario. Then the second type of task is of structure reproducer. So a person who is sent for this particular task is supposed to reproduce the structure that is held by the parent organization in its parent country and in other countries in which the multinational already exists. So that structure may be from the perspective of human resource management. It may be from the perspective of developing the organizational structure of the organization. It may be from the perspective of developing the marketing department, marketing function, the way you go and approach your target market, developing those marketing dynamics. That could also be a part of structure reproduction. Then it could be the reproduction of the physical layout of the organization. So whether it is about operations development, the factory development, the manufacturing plant that needs to be developed or it could be the physical layout of the office structures of a multinational organization for example banks. They do not have any manufacturing department but you would see that the international banks which are operating in the local scenario, their physical outlook of their offices, of their facilities, they are replicated. They are trying to be replicated according to its international image. So you would see that standard chartered has its own look. HBS, HSBC, they have their own look and other international banks when they, although they are operating in the local scenario, they have their own particular personality and offices which look like offices of that multinational. Similarly, you see McDonald's facilities. So you go wherever in the world, McDonald's facilities, they are designed and developed in the same way, same type of color, same type of outlook, same type of furniture, same type of layout. And so that type of structure reproduction is something which is needed to be done at every subsidiary level. So that task could be given to a person as structure reproducer. Then the third task of an expatriate assignment could be that of a troubleshooter. So a troubleshooter from the world is self-explanatory that an individual who is sent to a foreign subsidiary to analyze and solve a particular operational problem. It could be an operational problem. It could be operational problem in terms of human resources. People may not be performing well. So a person may be sent from the parent country to work with the organizational development and human resource development for training purposes. So anybody who is sent for the purpose of troubleshooting a problem is a troubleshooter. And then finally, the most important task of any assignment is that of being an operative. So operative is the one who manages the operations of a particular job, the day-to-day activities of the particular job. So individual whose assignment is to perform functional job tasks in an operational structure in generally lower level supervisory positions. So operatives are the one who manage the day-to-day activities of the multinational business and they usually exist at the lower level. But the function or task of being an operative may also be done at the middle level management or higher level management in which you are looking after the operations from a higher level. So every manager's job involves looking after the operations from some level. It may not be from the operative level but looking after the operations is part of every manager's task. So these are the four types of tasks which may be assigned to a person on an international assignment and according to the task which is given to the person, the performance of that person is going to be evaluated on that particular aspect and on that dimension.