 Hello everybody, welcome once again. We started recording and before we go ahead and get started with the session Dave, can I request you to please start us off with the word of prayer? Sure, Pastor. Father, we thank you once again for this wonderful day. We thank you that you are such a wonderful part. We thank you that you initiated the relationship that we have with you Lord Jesus, we give you give your own time for all of us to have that relationship with you Lord Jesus. As you learn how we are to do the words of ministry that says that I have prayed that your spirit to be often our pastime, that your spirit of point anointing, as as you speak Lord Jesus let yourself be in the words that you name as you speak Lord Jesus as you hear from you Lord Jesus your spirit of what each one of us Lord Jesus do, to accept and to understand and to comprehend Lord Jesus and everything that we are being taught Lord Jesus as today Lord Jesus and live. Help each one of us to apply all of those in our ministry and in our daily life. Thank you for your grace once again in the name of Jesus I pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you, Dave. Thank you. Right. Great, so until last week we have completed 20 sessions of the course. So today will be the 21st session. Okay, so so many sessions quite a bit. I hope you've been able to absorb everything that we've been learning. Right, let me just go ahead and as we always do do a quick recap of the lesson that we did in the last session. Okay, as a conclusion. So we'll just do a quick recap from page 60. Okay, page 60 and this section we spoke about training the team in prophetic worship. Okay, so this whole chapter is all about talking about the spiritual aspects of worship ministries that is in from chapter five, right? To go through a quick glance we talk about how our worship team members are expected to be worshipers on and off the stage. Right? That's one and we spoke about a multiple parameters or expectations, you know, that will keep you strong in worship ministry and one of which is your spiritual growth, which you can grow in God's word, in God's spirit and in your individual area of your skill. Right? And then have a check on your personal life of worship. Okay, then there's so many things that is packed in just that one point. Okay? Check your personal life of worship, growing in skill and worship, growing in Christlikeness. And we spoke about the five foundational areas of focus, which is core character, craft, chemistry and community. We spoke about all of that in detail and how all of that can be like a pillar of its own, right? Learning how to flow with the spirit is another aspect that we learned in the last session, supporting the minister or the pastor or the preacher during the ministry time after the sermon. And we discussed about it and how we function at APC. It does not have to be the same in every church, right? But supporting the ministry minister during the ministry time is very crucial and the role of music in ministry time, you know, is crucial as well. And then after which is when we started speaking about the prophetic worship and how there are four dimensions for prophecy. One is the prophecy of scripture, how all prophecies that are compiled in the canon of holy scripture, like this prophecy of the end times as one of the examples. So that's one dimension of prophecy. The other dimension is the office of a prophet, right? And if you've studied about the fivefold ministry, one fold, one of them is the office of the prophet. So one of the fivefold ministry gifts to the church. And the purpose of this is to proclaim the presence, the purpose, the message of God, OK, to bring edification, exhortation, correction, revelation, judgment, even rebuke. OK, and then there is the gift of prophecy that has been given to all the believers by the Holy Spirit, right? This is the gift of the Holy Spirit. OK, it's a gift. OK, we have to remember that, all right? It's not just one of the things that you like you memorize, but it's a beautiful thing that, you know, that the Holy Spirit is giving a gift. He want to give a gift, right? He resides, he empowers in some of the believers as a ministry gift to the body, where we use this gift to build, to edify one another, right? It could be through a word of knowledge, et cetera, and then the spirit of prophecy. So all of these four dimensions, you know, we can be used in a training, worshiping musicians, worshiping members in prophetic worship and understanding and teaching them between the link between music and prophecy. OK, so these are all the points that we looked at and concluded with some guidelines to move prophetically. How can you go grow deeper in prophetic ministry, right? So the first one is the most basic and the most fundamental thing is to keep, to have an intimate relationship with the Lord, to have a lifestyle of worship. A lifestyle of worship simply means how you live your life, the words that you use, the things that you choose to see, et cetera, et cetera, and so many other things, isn't it? A lifestyle of worship and lifestyle of prayer and fasting. OK, a lifestyle of prayer and fasting. And just in connection with the senior pastor or a leader or a worship pastor or a senior worship leader, whatever, should model all of this, right? Having an intimate relationship with the Lord, living a lifestyle of worship, living a lifestyle of prayer and fasting, OK, and then intentional Bible study and meditation. OK, so with that we concluded the spiritual aspect of worship ministry. OK, and I hope it's been helpful until then. And today we will move into more practical part of worship ministry. And in this chapter, we will talk about music and worship technology. OK, music and worship technology. All right, it's going to be more practical. Some of you might have heard of some of the things that that we are going to be discussing. Some of you may have not, but it's fine. OK, so let's just quickly read this section. So sound system for use in worship settings. One of the key things that we are going to talk about is the sound system, isn't it? Now, think about it. Yes, the sound system is used by the secular people in the world, right? This in the studios, in the cinemas, the movies and whatnot, right? Live concerts by secular bands as well. But, you know, why is it important for us in worship ministry in the church? Right? Having a good sound system helps us, you know, in amplifying the message of Jesus, isn't it? You know, to amplify everything that we speak, because we have a message that we want to share with the world. Yes, and there, yes, of course, there are different ways that you go about it. And then to share this message, one of the most important medium in today's day and age is the sound system. OK, and that's what we're going to learn about today, the different components that bring, that puts together, you know, that helps a church service happen. OK, so there are many things to consider when a decision has been made to improve or replace or install new church sound systems. OK, so I'm going to just stop sharing the mind notes and have a PPT that I'd like to share with us the full screen for this. Now, and I have to say this with experience, there are a few churches as an exception, but in India, it, like I said, this is my experience and my opinion, maybe, and I might be wrong. It's very challenging to convince the leaders of the church sometimes to invest in a good sound system. Right now, again, there could be various reasons for it. You know, one, of course, the church may not genuinely not be able to afford or invest in the sound system. They might not have the financial support yet. Right. But that's one aspect of it, right? Where the churches, they do not legitimately, genuinely do not have financial support to invest in a sound system. And then there is another aspect where the church leaders, they, again, genuinely, they think it's a waste of money investing in a good sound system, right? So they settle for average, something below par or whatnot, even though they are able to afford a good, decent sound system. Right. So they are OK with repairing, you know, spending a lot of money on repairing the old equipment. You know, instead, they would not invest in a new one. But this chapter is all about that. And also, this chapter was originally designed to be more practical in the sense where I would want to I originally wanted to take the bunch of students to the church, the central location and show them what each of these equipments are, you know, equipments do, like, you know, in person. And so if you are not able to completely follow what we are talking, don't worry, it's OK. And I'll try and explain it as and make it as simple as possible. And that's why it is PPT as well. OK, so one of the first components that we have is the microphone. Right. We all know how a microphone looks like. What it does with the microphone, you can speak louder. It amplifies your voice so that you can speak to a larger group of people. Yes. And one of the industry standards, industry standards is this brand called Sure, S-H-U-R-E. SM 58 is the model that, you know, the model that you see. OK, so and also simultaneously, while you're looking at the screen and also your notes, you will see the definition there for microphone is simply put the microphone is the first device in the system to capture a sound source and put it into the sound system. And many different mics are available for many different applications. OK, there are mics for voice vocalists. There are mics for instruments, choir, wireless mics, et cetera. OK, so the mic picture to the left is a Sure SM 58, which is considered as a standard of sorts for vocals. And it is about 7000 rupees or something now, if I'm not mistaken. OK, but like I said, you get just like, you know, you get mobile phones these days. There's one for every budget range, right, from 2000 rupees, 3000 rupees to a lag and above, right. It's the same thing with the sound system in this context, microphones that there are cheaper microphones than than SM 58. Like I mentioned, SM 58 is almost 7000 to 8000 rupees where you buy it from and you do get microphones for 2000 rupees, 1500, 3000 rupees and whatnot. OK, so. See what fits the budget. And what fits in what fits the budget of the church and you can go for it. OK, so this is what a microphone does. It amplifies this. OK. And also, just before we continue, you might be wondering, OK, why do I need to know all these things? Right, we are talking about worship ministry. Do I really need to know about all this portion? But yes. Right. You that's a simple answer. Yes, you need to know that at least the basic and yes, this everything that we're going to learn today is just the basics of it. OK, it's not an a course on sound, sound engineering and what not. OK, this is very basic information because you will be handling all these stuff. You will be handling all these equipment. Or if you're if you're a worship pastor or a senior pastor of a church, you will have a worship pastor or the sound, you know, engineer of your church will come and ask you saying, OK, you know, two mics got spoiled. We need to buy two SM 58s or, you know, et cetera, et cetera. So having the basic knowledge of all these things will help you, you know, even if you're not directly involved with worship ministry, it will help you because even if you don't sing, you might end up preaching and for that, you will need a mic, isn't it? And so you need to know how to put the mic on off and all of that. So yes, it's in a way very directly linked to worship ministry. And that is why we are learning about it today. OK, I hope that's OK. So from the microphones, the we the next important component is the mixer, the sound board. OK, so what is the sound board of very popularly? What we call is a mixer, but the technical term is the sound board. OK, so this is the nerve center of any sound system. OK, any sound system like a good one needs to have a mixer. OK, it is used to connect all microphones, instruments, CD, cassette players, you know, back in the day, you know, to your amplifier and speakers. The measure of the sound board at its most basic level is the number of channels it has. OK, so I'm going to explain all of this, guys. So don't worry. So the second point here is the measure of the sound board or a mixer at its most basic level. It simply means the number of channels it has. OK, remember that word channel. OK, it's going to come in handy, as I explained. A separate channel is needed for each mic, instrument, et cetera. Secondly, the number of tone controls, auxiliary and FX sends one each channel. So you see this big, big mixer, isn't it? But they come in all different sizes. OK, they come as small as this and as big as this and also the medium sizes like these. OK, so one of the things that we spoke about, sorry, and this is the back side of the mixer. OK, let's go back to this one for a second. You remember, we spoke about this thing called channel, the measure of the sound board at its most basic level. The measure of the sound board at its most basic level is the number of channels it has, right? So you look at this small one and you see these numbers here, one and two, right? So this mixer, in a way, it has two main channels. OK, so you see this one over here and everything that comes under one. This whole thing is one channel and this whole thing here is the second channel. All these controls are for this channel only and I'll keep explaining. Don't worry. And then you see this a little bigger mixer here, isn't it? And we can just count these. I hope you can see my cursor move. But yeah, so if you just count these, for example, they say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. OK, so that mixer has 16 channels. Now it says a separate channel is needed for each mic, instrument, etc. What does that mean, Roshan? OK, so you say this is channel one, this is channel two, this is channel three. OK, how many of us are in class? One, two, three, four, five, six, seven including me. OK, let's say Kannan is going to be singing. So his mic will be connected to channel one. This is channel one, OK? And say Dave is going to play the keyboards. So the keys will be connected to the second channel. All right, Kiran is going to be singing and Neelam is going to be singing as well. So two more mics. That is channel three, channel four. And Thomas is going to be playing the guitars and someone playing the bass guitar. So that way that's why different channel is needed. OK, so where you can increase and reduce the volume and whatnot. So there are many things that that you can do. OK, so when you look at the back part, the backside of the the mixer, right? So again, let's you see these numbers here. Let's say one, two, three, four, five all the way up to 16. That simply says that there can go, you can go up to 16 inputs. OK, 16 input directly. And then there is the output section. So all of all of this is input section and all of this is output. Now, what is the output? OK, from it is from the output where the the speakers are connected to. OK, separate wire goes from this and it goes all the way to to the speakers. And so this is the output section and this is the input section. So if you can understand this in the mixer, you are sorted. OK, you will know what goes where. OK, now, you know, in the mixer, right? No, you this is a small one. So I'll use this. OK, just look at this image and also look at your notes. You have under mixers, you have tone control, you have auxiliary and effect. Right, you have tone controls, auxiliary and effect. Now, to simply give us a very simple definition of what tone control is, when you look at this image here, you see this thing that says high, right? High and mid and low. OK, high, mid and low. It's like, again, I'm not sure if you've seen one of those old music systems or in your cars, you know, those old days. Now everything is touch screen, but it will have these three knobs. It will say base, mid, mid or treble. OK, so treble is for high frequency, as it says. OK, so if you see high, it means also it also means treble. OK, it's very high. OK, that one. And the mids is somewhere in the middle frequency and then the lows are the base. OK, so that's what the tone basically does. OK, if you want the definition that is mentioned there, it says tone controls are used to fine tune each channel and the more controls available, the more control you will have in fine tuning the sound. OK, now some of you might have seen me, you know, come to ABC North or, you know, you might have also been at Central. You would have heard the vocalist or or somewhat any instrumentalist saying, hey, can you increase the base a little bit on my vocals? Can you increase the treble a little bit on my vocals? So the person at the mixer, what they will do is when the vocal says increase a little bit of treble on my voice, they will turn this knob a little, you know, the clockwise, they will increase it. So the high frequencies will be increased just a little. OK, so that's what a tone does. Now, there's another thing in the notes. It says auxiliary. A short form for auxiliary is ox, a, u, x. OK, just ox. Now, what it does is now in this, now this mixer is too small to have ox channel. But let's just, I hope you can see this big one, right? Now you have all these knobs that you can turn. OK. So right about these gray knobs over here. OK, I'm sorry, guys. And you all see that even when you move my cursor, let me know that yes or no, so that I'm not making, I'm not complicating. You're not seeing the cursor when I do, when I move it like this. OK, Kiran says no, she can't see the cursor. Everybody else can't see it. Like when I move my computer's cursor. OK, what about the others? No, it's not moving now. It's still not? OK. No, it's not. OK. Oh, gosh, OK. I'm sorry, guys. I was under the impression that my cursor was moving. OK, but so what I'll do just for this mixer section. OK, I have a video that, you know, from YouTube that someone will show what the tone, the orcs, the effects does. OK, so we'll look at that and we'll come back to this PPD. All right. Just an explanation and then a live example. There are two mysterious knobs in the middle of the EQ section of your mixer. Have you ever wondered what they're for? Well, this is the mid-sweep area of the EQ. And if you're a sound engineer, you'll know all about it. But for most people, they are a bit of a mystery. Well, I'm going to show you an amazing tip that will noticeably improve your sound and it's easy, which is nice. OK, let's get the technical stuff covered first. We'll be looking at one channel of the mixer at a time. The signal passing through this channel is split into three parts. High frequencies, the mid frequencies and the low frequencies. The top knob here deals with the high frequencies. At 12 o'clock, this knob has no effect on them. Turn it clockwise through 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock and so on. And it's boosting the high frequencies. Turn it anti-clockwise through 11 o'clock, 10 o'clock, etc. And it reduces or cuts those frequencies. You've probably played with that and found a position that suits your sound. The bottom knob does the same for the low frequencies. But the mid frequencies are different. The third knob down boosts and cuts like the top and bottom knobs, but it doesn't act over the whole mid range. And that's where the second knob comes in. This one chooses which part of the mid range the third knob acts upon. So if I turn the second knob fully anti-clockwise, the third knob will boost or cut the lower end of the mid range. And similarly, if I turn it clockwise, the third knob will act on the upper end of the mid range. Okay, how do we use this mid-suite facility? First, turn the third knob up as high as possible. If you get feedback, turn it down until it's echoey but not feeding back. Then sweep the second knob from fully anti-clockwise to fully clockwise, listening for when the sound is at its worst. Okay, so I'll just stop that for now. That was just for us to get an idea of the tones of what it does, right? Just basically increasing the highs, the lows, the mids and the lows. Okay, and the other one that I was talking about, which was the aux AUX or auxiliary, which is also mentioned in your notes. Where is that? Okay. Now, once again, a person leading in the front with an acoustic guitar will say, I've said this so many times when Akoso was at North, I'll say, hey, Akoso, can you increase my acoustic guitar on the monitors? So there will be a small set of speakers right in front of the musicians on stage. Okay, so what AUX does is when he increases or reduces the AUX, that the different channels that we spoke about, the channel for Mike and guitar, etc. So your guitar will have a separate channel. So when he increases the AUX, he will only do that for the guitar and so the guitar volume increases just for me. Okay, so that's, and all of that is done with the mixer, on the mixer. Okay, so it's important to have, you know, a mixer for your church and whatnot. So depending on the need, you know, of your church and the size of your church and the budget of your church, you can invest in either a small one or a big one, an analog mixer or a digital mixer. Okay. Now, another thing I mentioned in the notes, another component for sound is equalizers. Okay, so the next component is the system that would be called the equalizer. Okay, so what it does, an equalizer or EQ is a sound engineering tool that adjusts the output of different frequencies. Okay, from all the way from 20 hertz to 20,000 kilohertz. Okay, the sound range is really huge. And so it allows you to cut or boost the levels of specific frequencies. Okay, so this is how an equalizer will look. Okay, now, whatever you're seeing on the image, it could be just one or two like that. Okay, basically there are, you know, a lot of sliders, but there are also graphic equalizer. This is a graphic equalizer. Like you get all these model ones on your iPads or, you know, touch screen. You can also use them on your phones now. So all of this, you see it says equalizer here and you can increase again the low frequencies. You can get more minute about it. Okay, now this is not necessary, you know, that you need to have it. Like, okay, you know, because it is expensive. Okay, it's not 100% necessary that, you know, your church needs to have an EQ. This is an addition. Okay, it's a, what do we say? It's a bonus. Okay, so if you have it, it's like a luxury. Okay, you can tweak the sound more carefully for it to be more precise. Okay, these are all used in certain, let's say every room is different. Right, like my room can be, the acoustics of this room will be so, so much different from the room that you are in. Okay, and if I clap, there will be one frequency. So for example, there's also, you know, a drum kit at the back. And if I, if I play a certain note on the keyboard, the snare drum vibrates even when it's not being played, right? If I play a certain note on the keyboard, like a low, say A, the snare will vibrate, so that's because of the sound that's emitted from the keyboard. The snare is tuned to the same frequency. Okay, so that's what frequency means, you know, is you can control the frequency more minute in more detail. Okay, so that's why that's the use of an equalizer. Okay, and then as we go into the next page, page 63 in your notes, another components is amplifiers. Okay, hope you can see the image. Again, just like every other equipment, just like the mixer, the amplifiers will come in different shapes and sizes. Okay, depending on your need, because the needs are subjective to every church. There will be small, medium, big one, expensive one, cheaper one. So there's, there's one to fit your budget. So what does an amplifier do? Okay, the loudness of an audio signal is signified by the amplitude of the signal, okay, or the volume of it. So when the signal travels through the wire, you know, we fix the cable from one end to another. Okay, the signal travels through the wire, the resistance of the wire causes reduction in its power. Okay, when a signal is going from the acoustic or from the mic to the speakers, somehow the, because of the resistance of the wire, it reduces the power of the signal. Okay, the amplifier increases the strength of the signal. So it reaches a longer distance before fading. So that's what amplifier does. Okay, it sustains the sound from the mic to the mixer to the speaker to keep it strong. Okay, making sure it reaches the no signal is lost. And by using amplifiers at different stages, the audio signals can then be safely transmitted over a wired connection. So the rise in amplitude is called amplification. Okay, the rise in amplitude is called amplification. And that is why this equipment that does this is called an amplifier. Okay, it's like another word for a magnify, you know, what magnified magnification does is it makes small things big, isn't it? So amplification, what it does is it makes, you know, weaker signal or the signal that is received stronger or even louder. All right. And the next thing in the notes is speakers. We all know what speakers do. We all know what speakers look like. Again, they all come in different shape and sizes. You know, there are speakers for that will support the high frequencies and the low frequencies. And there are subwoofers that only cater to, you know, that supports the low frequencies, right, which gives you more bass, more thumb, as they say, right? So the main speakers should be located at the front of the stage and just in front of the most forward microphone. There are some technical aspects of it that's there. So what happens is if the speaker is very close to the microphone or is the, if the microphone is right in front of the speaker, there will be this feedback, right? You know, what is a feedback? What do you mean by feedback? You, we would have all heard this sudden, you know, increase in this volume, like, and we'll all go, Hey, what is that? You know, so that is a feedback. If a mic is too close to the speaker because of the signal, it clashes and it produces this high frequency noise. Okay. So to avoid that, the speakers and the microphones should be placed properly. The size should be judged by the size of the room. Which size speakers do I go for? Right? That's a classic question. So the size should be judged by the size of the room and the quality of the sound needed. Also keep in mind that will be sent through these speakers. The pre-recorded music from the CDs, etc. And all mics are minimum. Okay. So that's that's about speakers, guys. Does anybody have any questions so far regarding the equipment? Oh, are you following everything? Here and says clear. Okay. Okay. Next time when you're in Bangalore, Kiran will set up the sound system at North. Everybody else is doing all right. Thomas, any questions, Dave? No questions, sir. Okay. Okay. Good. Let's let's look at the next component. Okay. Thomas, thank you. There's a very interesting component, a piece of equipment that's after speakers. It's called the snake. Sorry, word snake. Yeah, snake. Okay. Let's let's just look at the. The definition of snake and I'll explain to you what it does. Okay. A snake is a special cable used to extend. Okay. It is used to extend the sound board or the mixer's inputs and outputs. So the board is free to be located in the best possible position. Remember the number of channels in your board should match the number of channels in your snake. Okay. Important to remember the number of channels in your mixer, if it's 16. If you're using a 16 channel mixer, it you should have a 16 channel snake explain in just a second. So if you have a channel snake, it won't help if you have 20 channels on the board. So there are some exceptions though. So vice versa. Okay. But if you look at the PPT, this is what a snake looks like. Okay. Now this is a pretty, it has a pretty long cable. So what it does, you see, you know, the other big end, one end will be on stage where the mic, the guitars, the keyboards, the drum mics, the bass guitar, you know, cables, everything will be connected to one end. And the other end, because it's long, it will be all of these small wires will be connected to, will be sent to the mixer. Okay. And if you've seen at Central, the mixer will be far away from the stage, right? Somewhere in the middle of the congregation. Okay. So the snake cable has to be long to go to that distance. Okay. So that's basically why you know, snake is like a bridge between the stage and the mixer. That's, that's what it is. Okay. The snake is like a bridge that connects the musicians and the equipments on stage to the mixer board. That is off stage down. Okay. Now, once again, this is another equipment. It's I wouldn't say it's it's 50 50. It's it's good to have this and it's also not, you know, urgently important. It's not like the top priority. But this is again analog guys, you know, there's a lot of money that is being spent on this making this, you know, and it can also very easily get damaged. These cables now if any of these channel, one of these channels get damaged is it will cost you a lot of money to repair it because it's very hard to you have to search which wire is cut or you know, and you might spend weeks, days or weeks in just trying to find out which wire is cut. So that's a lot of time and effort. That's why it costs a lot of money. And and that's why a lot of people this day and age have moved to digital mixer. So instead of this just snake with all these big cables and heavy cables. Now all they all you get is one single Ethernet cable just one small very light wire that connects all the way from the stage to the mixer. And it does it does exactly what the snake does. Okay, but that again because it's a digital expensive. Alright, so definition and audio snake is essentially one physical cable that combines multiple audio cables within its body snakes come in in a variety of lengths a number of channels and the connection types. Okay, and finally we have not finally. Next we have the effects processors. Okay, and this is again. This is how it looks like the effects processor. Okay, there are different brands out there. So what it does effects devices can be used to enhance the overall sound of your system. Okay, it is used to enhance the overall sound of your system. Once again, this is not a need. This is I mean, this is not like a want. It's a it's a luxury. Okay, if your church can afford this, that's great. It will enhance the whole sound. Okay, what is it used for effects simply means that you can add some reverb or some delay. You know to the to the sound that's being heard. Okay, what is it delay? You know, for example, if you say hello, there's an echo with that goes with it right like hello, hello, hello, hello, right and you clap something and the clap keeps, you know, keeps getting repeated and kind of fades. So those are all called the effects or you know, and one of that is delays. Okay, that's what you use these for effects processes. It's a wonderful addition, wonderful bonus to have in your sound system of the church. If you know, if you can have it. And then finally, the monitor speakers monitor speakers. So this is how a monitor speaker looks like. Okay, and this usually kept on stage right in the front like these. Okay, again, they come in different shapes and sizes. But yeah, monitor speakers are used to provide sound to the performers and speaker. Okay, this is very important to have. Otherwise, the musician or the person who is singing right in the front won't be able to hear what they're singing. So for them to be able to hear what they are playing, what they are singing. That's why the stage monitors are used. Okay, so again, as I always say, depending on the size of your stage in a number of musicians in your team, you can choose to have two or three stage monitors. Okay, so everything that we've covered so far is from microphone to mixers. That they come in all different shapes and sizes, including the microphones and all different budget. There are mics for your for instruments. There are mics for vocal wireless cordless mics, etc. And this three sub aspects of what everything that is in the mixer, that is tone controls, aux and effects and the equalizers, amplifiers, snake effects, processes and monitor speakers. Okay, I hope you were able to follow and understand something, you know, and it is really going to help you communicate better with your worship team. Once you've understood this basic fundamentals of sound. All right. So before we continue, we will take a break and resume with the rest of the remaining lesson. Okay, take care guys.