 The notofineoidae is a diverse group of fish found in the southern ocean. This study examined the evolution of the group using genetic data from 24 species. The researchers estimated the origin of the group at 10.7 million years ago, and identified two key factors driving their diversification, the expansion of repetitive elements and the loss of certain genes. The study also provided insight into how the group adapted to cold environments, such as the Antarctic, by tracing the evolution of the antifreeze gene cluster and the loss of hemoglobin genes. This article was authored by Ileona Bista, Jonathan M.D. Wood, Thomas Desvins, and others.