 We need planetary boundaries. We need to ask the question, what are the processes that regulates the state of the Earth's system so we can have a desired planet. We have identified them through 30 years of Earth's system science. It is the climate system. It's the stratospheric ozone layer. It's stable oceans, the three big ones. But it's also the four slow variables under the hood of the Earth's system that really gives us the resilience by diversity. Nitrogen and phosphorus, land systems and water, the bloodstream of the Earth's system. And then there are two more, the two final ones, which is chemical loading, everything from nuclear waste to microplastics and organic pollutants, and aerosol loading, the way we tend to change rainfall systems on Earth through loading of black carbon and particulates. These nine boundaries have been through so much scrutiny now, through 10 years of research, and we've come to the point where we're very confident today that if we can be planetary stewards of the nine planetary boundaries, we stand a good chance of a prosperous, socially inclusive future within a safe operating space on Earth.