 This time we are going to demonstrate the vessels in the pelvis. So let's start off with the common iliac continuing as the external iliac. External iliac continues under the inguinal ligament as the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. So the portion above the inguinal ligament is the external iliac, the portion below the femoral ligament is the femoral artery. And the place where it crosses the inguinal ligament which is here is the mid-inguinal point which is the point between the anterior superior leg spine and the pubic symphysis. So let's take a look at the branches of the external iliac here. We can see this branch here, the first one. This is the deep circumflex iliac which runs along the iliac crest but above the inguinal ligament. Then we have the next branch here. This is the inferior epigastric which runs behind the rectus abdominis muscle inside the rectus sheath. The inferior epigastric gives a branch in 20% of the population which is referred to as the accessory operator artery. This accessory operator artery runs in close proximity with the lacunal ligament and this is the lacunal ligament which forms the medial boundary of the femoral canal in females. And it goes and it then anastomosis with the main operator artery which passes from here through the operator foremen. This was the right side. We should show you the accessory operator artery much more clearly on the left side of the patient. So again, this is the left common iliac which is dividing into the left external iliac. The external iliac then continues below the inguinal ligament as the left femoral artery. So this is the inguinal ligament and it also crosses the inguinal ligament at the mid inguinal point. The external iliac artery, again in this side also we can see it's giving off this branch. This is the inferior epigastric artery which enters the rectus sheath below the archivate line. And the next branch that we can see here is this one. This is the accessory operator artery also referred to as the corona mortis artery. And we can see it very clearly. It is winding round and it is going in close proximity with the lacuna ligament which is here and it is passing out through the operator foremen. This is present in only 20% of the population and this forms an arc which is known as a corona mortis and this can be injured when we are operating on a patient with incumeral hernia which is located in this region when we have to excise the lacuna ligament. So this is the corona mortis or the accessory operator artery. So these are the branches of the external iliac. Now let's take a look at the branches of the internal iliac. This was the common iliac. We have already finished discussing the external iliac. Let's take the internal iliac. The internal iliac divides into a posterior division and an anterior division. The posterior division of the internal iliac as the term implies it goes back and it gives three branches. The first branch that we can see here. This is the ilio lumbar artery. Then we have the next branch. This is the lateral sacral artery. And we can see it is dividing into a superior division and an inferior division. Lateral sacral artery. And then the rest of the posterior division continues the superior gluteal artery which exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foremen above the pyriformis. Now let's take the anterior division of the internal iliac. This is the anterior division of the internal iliac. The first branch of this one. This is the umbilical artery. The proximal part of the umbilical artery is patent and that gives rise to superior vesicle artery. Actually are a group of branches and we can see them here. These are collectively again superior vesicle arteries. All of them come to the bladder. Therefore superior vesicle there are not one but there are many. The rest of the umbilical artery then becomes obliterated and it forms what is known as the medial umbilical ligament. So this is the first branch. The second branch is this one. This is the obturator artery. And we can see it is running along the lateral wall of the pelvis and it is disappearing through the obturator foremen. The obturator artery is accompanied by the obturator nerve which we can see clearly running on the lateral wall of the pelvis. Additionally, we can see the accessory obturator artery coming out from the epigastric and forming an arc around the lacuna ligament which is referred to as the coronamortis artery which may be injured when we are operating for a femoral hernia and we have to cut the lacuna ligament. In females there is no inferior vesicle artery. They are replaced by branches of the vaginal artery which is again a branch of the utrient artery. In this particular patient the uterus is almost atrophied and therefore the utrient artery is very small and one of this is the utrient artery. We have the next branch and that is this one here. This is the middle rectal artery which runs in the lateral regimen of the rectum and it supplies the ampulla of the rectum. And thereafter the rest of the anterior division continues as shown here. It passes out from the greater sciatic foremen below the pyriformis and here it has got two branches. The internal pudental and the inferior gluteal. So these are all the branches of the internal iliac on the right side. Now let's come to the internal iliac artery on the left side. The internal iliac artery divides into a posterior division and an anterior division. So this is the posterior division of the internal iliac artery which exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foremen above the pyriformis and it divides into ilolumbar lateral sacral and superior gluteal branches. Let's take the anterior division. The rest of the branches that we can see here these are all the branches of the anterior division to the bladder. They are all the superior vesicle arteries. On this side there's no clear operator artery though we can see the operator know very clearly. In this case the accessory operator artery arising from the inferior bigastric is very prominent and perhaps this is replacing the main operator artery. And thereafter the rest of the anterior division exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foremen below the pyriformis and here we can see it is dividing into an internal pudental artery and an inferior gluteal artery. Internal pudental artery and inferior gluteal artery and these are the structures which then supply the gluteal region and the perinium. The structures on this side have been painted blue because inadvertently the dye which was used to stain them spilled over. Additionally there are a few other arteries which also supply the pelvis but they do not arise from the internal or the external iliac. One of that we can see here this is the inferior miscentric artery and the inferior miscentric artery as we know after it supplies the hindgut it continues into the pelvis and here it is known as the superior rectal artery. The superior rectal artery then divides into a left branch and a right branch and the right branch then again divides into an anterior and posterior. The next branch which comes to the pelvis but again from outside the pelvis are these vessels. These are the gonadal vessels the testicular or the ovarian in this patient because she's a female this is the ovarian artery here and this is the ovarian artery on this side and both of them they come out from the abdominal aorta at the level of l2 and the third artery which also enters the pelvis is this structure here and we can see it is running exactly in the midline. This is called the median sacral artery. It arises from the bifurcation of the aorta in this region and it runs down. So these are three other vessels which also supply the structures in the pelvis but they arise from outside the pelvis. This is all for now thank you very much for watching if you have any questions or comments put them in the comment section below. You have to sign your signing out. Have a nice day. Thank you guys for watching. Make sure you like this video and make sure you subscribe.