 The paper analyses the impact of exterior orientation elements on geolocation accuracy for an optical sensor on the moon and finds that image offsets are not significantly affected by distance or observation angle at mid-high latitudes, but have a linear correlation with increasing errors in exterior orientation elements. Additionally, the relationship between spatial resolution and errors in exterior orientation elements is revealed. The results support the potential use of the moon as a platform for Earth observation. This article was authored by Hu Donghua, Han Linyi, Guang Liu, and others.