 So, let's start by just looking at the first sentence that I've already translated, and this was from the very first video. So in a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit, and I translated it as Nehi Lotum Svekevna L'Rider Chobi Shupu Ki Chabju. So Nehi is the in preposition for lack of a better word, but it's the modal tag. Lotum Svekevna, so Tumsve, if we look at the dictionary here, Tumsve is the ground. Kevna is a hole, so this is a ground type hole, in other words a hole in the ground, and Nehi means in. So L'Rider Chobi is a hobbit. Shu separates the Sumti from the Celbri. Within the Celbri we have Pu, which is the past tense, Ki, which makes it sticky, and Chabju, which just means X1 dwells in X2. And I've chosen not to use the X2 position, because then that would mean that L'Rider Chobi would have to come before the dwelling itself, and I wanted to put the dwelling in before that to sort of match the way the English has that. So that's basically what I did. So the next sentence basically says, not a nasty dirty wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an easy smell, et cetera, et cetera. So what I thought I would do is, I don't know. I don't know if this is even going to work, but I will try to make some really simple English sentences out of this. So for example, you know, I could imagine that really the first thing that you're saying is the hole was not nasty, right? I mean, that's pretty straightforward. And then you can go on and say the hole was not dirty. The hole was not wet. The hole was not filled with the ends of worms. So let's just go with that and see where it leads. So the hole, of course, we know is going to be like Kevna Leb, because you know what I'm talking about when I say hole. It's the previous mention of hole right over here. Now was not, so shoe, nah, and then we need some word for nasty, not being the negator. So if I look in the dictionary for nasty, what have we got? We've got nothing. We have absolutely nothing. So I would probably need to look for some synonyms for nasty. So let's just see. So what have we got? Highly unpleasant, physically nauseating. What else have we got? Well, it's not a person physically or mentally damaging. No. So really, we want something like, I guess, unpleasant. Is there an unpleasant? There is. Well, unpleasant isn't creepy. That's not really yet, but I guess this works, Tolpuha. An event seems unpleasant, and we don't really have an event. We have just basically a noun. So that's not really great. What about pleasant? Pleasantness? No. Just pleasant. An event seems pleasant. Well, how about melby? Melby, maybe. So rather than just go through some of these things, let's look at one of the words that I've looked up before. So repugnant. See that's really what we want. Repugnant. Maybe there's a different synonym dictionary that I can look at, like thesaurus, synonym for nasty. Yeah, so there's a whole bunch of these. Repugnant is in there, so repellent, I guess, is another one. But I mean, we've got a perfectly good word here for repugnant. So X1 is repugnant, so regne. So it's not repugnant, right? So not regne, and that's pretty much that. So, the whole was not nasty, and then we can say, you know, the whole was not dirty. So let's see dirty. Oh, great. So the only thing we have in the dictionary that has the word dirty in it has to do with dirty laundry. Let's see, there's... So this is composed of na and jinsa. So jinsa means clean. So like kevna, juna, and then, well, clean. So there's a word that there's a schmavo that you can use to indicate the direct polar opposite of something. And we want the direct polar opposite of jinsa, and that's tohe. So if I can say na tohe jinsa. So the polar opposite of jinsa, clean, would be dirty, and it's not dirty. So I guess that's good enough. Let's stick a sentence separator in there. And let's say the whole is not wet. The whole was not wet. So let's go see what wet is. Okay. Shilmo, works for me, kevna, juna, what was it again, shilmo, shilmo. So I mean, that's good enough, you know, if you're speaking like a four-year-old. Maybe we should try to combine this. So first of all, one nice thing that I kind of, one nice feature that I kind of like about Lujban is the ability to refer to previous sumti based on their first letter. So if I wanted to refer to kevna, as long as there was no other sumti starting with ke, I can just replace this with the letterol ke. Ke is the letterol ke. It's actually the variable ke. And when you just use it as a sumti, it basically means the previous sumti that started with ke. So in other words, it's just it. But the it refers to a specific thing that started with ke. So we can just replace that here. That does kind of shorten things a little bit. Ke. So ke is the same as letoomsve kevna. So ke shuna rigni, e ke shuna tohe jinsa, e ke shuna shilmo. But again, that's still a lot of repetition. So what we really want is to combine this. And in video five, I talked about connectives. So what are we saying here? It was not a nasty dirty wet hole. Are we saying it was not nasty, or it was not dirty, or it was not wet, or possibly some combination of all of them? Or are we saying it was not nasty, and it was not dirty, and it was not wet? What we're certainly not saying is not it was nasty and dirty and wet, because it was actually none of those things. So I think maybe, let's just try this, e, oh wait, no, we can't use that, because this is actually the breedy. So we need the connector for breedy tails, which is gihe. So this is where you want to have and, gihe, and then na tohe jinsa, gihe, na shilmo. Okay, so I think what this is saying is that the hole was not nasty, and it was not dirty, and it was not wet. Na applies to, I think, let's go to the crash course in Lajban. And let's look up na, or actually, let's first go to the sort of dictionary that is in there, and look up na, just to see the usage here, because I do want to get it correct. And I'm not going to get it correct, because I am not an expert in Lajban. So let's see, ne, ne, nansha, nai, preposition of truth, it is not true that. Or it's the left negator in conjunctions. So it kind of looks like na here comes after e, so it is not true that. There's also tohe, which basically means anti. So if we go back to here, I'm not sure I can put na in there. Yeah, I think this is really what it is. So na pretty much negates the entire breedee. So here's the breedee. The breedee would be that the hole is repellent. Na would negate that, so the hole is not repellent. It could be something else, but it's certainly not repellent. And the hole is not unclean, and the hole is not wet. So it's not any of these, actually. And you get that, you can actually get that from de Morgan's rule, where, you know, basically if you're saying, you know, something like not a and not b, then that means that not a or b. In other words, in other words, a cannot be true and b cannot be true, which is really the same thing as saying not a and not b. So anyway, so that's not bad. I guess let's continue, filled with the ends of worms, okay, so it was not. So the hole was not filled with the ends of worms. So that's kind of the, let me put an e in front of here to separate from the previous breedee. So let's, let's just write this like we're four years old. The hole was not, now we need a word for filled. So is there a word for fill, fill? Yeah? Okay, so x one fills with material x two. Oh, look at this. Here we go. Shulno x one is full or completely filled with x two. So it's not filled with x two. Okay. So what are the ends of worms? Well, it's going to be low. Worm ends, worm type ends. So that would be a tanru, right? So we worm, worm, okay, shulno, here we go. Worm type and now ends. So what's an end? An end finished termination of a thing or a process. Okay, that's possible. This is a verb meaning to stop. That's not it. Stop process. No, no, no. So x one is a tip. So fun mo or jeep no. I think, I think probably fun mo is kind of more like it. So fun. All right. So there we go. That was not filled with the ends of worms. So now we can just add that by just combining with gihe and making that a brief detail, gihe. So there we go. Na shulno, lo shulno, fun mo. Now one thing that I like to do is just sort of take what I've translated and pass it into the parser just to make sure that I'm not just going down the wrong path. So it parses, which is great. And I just sort of, I use purified minus, minus FM. So na rigne, we can see that na is associated with rigne, which rigne, rigne, which is good. So it means that we're negating specifically rigne, na tohe jinsa, so tohe is associated with jinsa and then we're negating that. So that's good. Gihe seems to apply to this entire phrase, gihe applies to this entire phrase, and gihe applies to this entire phrase, na shulno and lo shulno, fun mo. So this is properly formed as a tanru, and lo shulno, fun mo is one sumti, and that applies to shulno. So it looks pretty good according to the parser. And an oozy smell. So the hole was not filled with an oozy smell. So let's say e, and then we can do ka, na shulno, not filled with, okay, an oozy smell. If it were just a smell, it would be lo, lo smell. So what's a, maybe odor, an odor. How about a stench? Is there no stench? Well, no, of course not. It's going to be an odor. It's probably a bad odor, right? Is salpanchi is an odorous with odor X2, with smell odor X3. That makes no sense at all to me. Se, basically means you swap X2 with X1 of ponchi. So this would actually be X2 is a smell emitter with odor X2 detected by observer X3. That's what that really is supposed to mean. So an odorous, I think, an odorous item, I think is what they meant to say. But in any case, the hole was not filled with an odor, sure, lo ponchi. And now, of course, it has to be an oozy odor. And of course, there's not going to be oozy in here. I mean, that just wouldn't make any sense. Is there even ooze? No. So we're going to have to look up a synonym, right? What is oozy? Clammy, mucky, that's muddy, muddy. That kind of fits what we're going for here, because a hole in, basically we're saying that the hole in the ground doesn't have a smell of like, you know, awful mud. So is there mud? There is. Der Pesku, D1 is a quantity of mud. That works pretty well. So der Pesku, der Pesku, oops, put this over here. That isn't now a tanru, meaning mud smell, so a mud type smell. I guess that would mean an oozy smell. See, ooze is basically, you know, kind of like flowing, but I think really, you know, maybe mud is flowing kind of, when I think of ooze, I kind of think of like a thick, disgusting mass, and that's kind of what mud is. So I think that's fine. Let's just tack it on. Okay. It is kind of unfortunate that here we have shulno, and we've got shulno repeated. Really, why don't we simply use a sumti connector to form, I guess an and, of la shulnu fanmo and la der Pesku panji. So that would be eh. Now I need to make sure that I have my connector right, because nah here applies to this entire thing, right? So what we're saying is not a and b. And remember, what we really wanted to say was not a or b, because that is the same as saying not a and not b, in other words, neither a nor b. So what this is saying is that a and b are not true simultaneously. One of them could be true. So I don't want eh, in fact I want ah, which is or. So that's this right over here. So I guess literally what I'm saying is here is that the hole is not filled with either the ends of worms or an oozy smell or both. So that's kind of nice. So that is how I break that up, and I think that's pretty good. Let's start a new sentence and, okay, so nor yet a dry bear sandy hole with nothing to sit in it and blah blah blah blah. So what we're saying is here, again, it is not the hole was not dry, right? So we can start doing the same thing. Chew nah, okay, so what's dry dry, ah, sudga, ah, any other sense of dry, no, sure, arid dry, um, sandy, oh, well, it's already got sandy in here. So dry sudga, sudga, okay, and I think we're pretty safe and just tacking on gihanna. And now we need something like bear. So what is bear basically means devoid of anything. This one is bear or naked or nude without cover or clothes or protection. I do not think that that is the sense of bear. Well, I did say empty, okay, empty, kunti. It's empty. It's hollow. It's got nothing in it. Gihanna, kunti, gihanna, kunti, um, and it's not bear or empty, gihanna, now sandy. Is there a sandy? Well there's a sandy abrasive material and there is a quantity of is made of sand. Oh, that works, right, chanre, so in other words, it's not made of sand. It's just not sandy, chanre, okay, that works. So the hole is not dry and not bear and not sandy with nothing in it to sit down on, okay. So the hole ad did not have nothing in it to sit down on, okay. This is definitely a more complicated sentence here. So the hole did not have, well we know how we're going to do that, so it has nothing in it to sit down on. This is really the structure that we're going to go for and then of course we're going to tack on na. So it has nothing in it to sit down on. So let's just take a look at sit, okay, so there is sit, there's to sit, stizu is a chair, a piece or a portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting. I think that's really the sense that Tolkien is going for here. I don't think he's saying, well there were no rocks in it. I think we're to eat, I mean he's not talking about worms to eat, but more comfortable things I think. So I think stizu is something, we want something to do with stizu. So it has no stizu. So okay, so what does it mean to have something to sit down on? So has, well okay, so there's has a chair, you know again that's kind of like or has chairs or sitting furniture, right. Again this would be writing as if we were four years old, right. So ku shu has chairs, so na, oh ka shu na, the whole has no or the whole hadn't had no as in zero has like zero chairs. It did not have na. I don't know what have is yet, but zero chairs is no, that's the number zero, okay. So what does have contain probably because a whole would contain something. So contain, see what we've got, sure includes contents, that works, vasru. So na vasru no los stizu. So what does this mean? The whole did not contain zero chairs. It did not contain zero chairs. It's kind of a funny way of putting it, but so is there some other thing that we can do because really what I want is, you know, to sit down on, right. Because no, it has no thing in it. So we know what in it is right vasru contains to sit down on no thing in it to sit down on. Now when you're creating an infinitive like that. So to sit down would be la new and what is what is the verb, what is the gizmo for sit. So this is to set basically. And of course it would mean to sit on. Because you sit on something, you sit on something. So here, I kind of remember that there was some word for purpose. There isn't actually a word for purpose, but peel know is basically about like, kind of like tool use or something. So x one uses x two for purpose x three. And what I'm thinking is no thing, no thing for the purpose of sitting upon, right. So if we can have for the purpose of as sort of like a modal tag, then we can just say, you know, to sit on. And here's a nice example of the grill used a computer to get the necessary information. So unfortunately this modifies the celebrate. So here, Pee Ho, Pee Ho, is there a tap Pee Ho, no there isn't any, that's unfortunate because tap Pee Ho would would basically mean a tool usage for purpose. So I don't think I'm going to be able to use a modal tag because again, modal tags apply to celebrate not sumpti, but there is the ever useful poi, which is so you know, perhaps I can use something like well, first of all, dash D is a thing, right. So dash D is, you know, x one is a thing. And then maybe I can say dash D poi, a thing, which and then has as purpose. So let's see where where is peel know a thing which has as purpose. So that would be te peel know a thing which is used for that's not what I mean. Because it's a thing x two is the tool so set peel know. But then again, I again, I need this purpose here. So sell plea for reordered places. Let's see what that is. X one is used by x two for purpose x three again, not quite what I'm going for. See the problem is that no matter how I reorder this, I really want a tool for purpose x three right x what I want is x one is a tool for purpose x x two so is there like a tool. Well there we go. How about this x one is a whatever used for doing x two well, strictly speaking, a chair is not used for sitting right you're the one that's sitting on it. But let's go with it and see what we come up with maybe. So dash D poi to cheat. So now we have a thing which is a tool for doing x two. So we need an action or phrases and that's just that just means to sit on for for sitting upon a thing which is used for sitting upon unfortunately I really don't like it I don't like the fact that you know it's it's saying like you know a hammer is for hanging pictures it it's not you know that that's really not it. You sit on a a chair. Well maybe maybe I can use a Tanru right because it's I mean sit dash D is thing right so so Zutze dash D is a sitting thing. It could mean a thing that is sitting but you know it could also mean a thing that you're sitting on. You know in which case no lo Zutze dash D would kind of mean you know no sit type thing so no thing to sit down on it's better it's better let me think if I can come up with something else okay I don't really know why I didn't find this before but Cosmu seems reasonable X1 which is basically a new lo new an abstraction is a purpose use of X2 so if I want to say a thing for sitting on then I guess I would say so Cosmu so set Cosmu would be the object with purpose X1 right so set Cosmu set Cosmu is X1 is an object with purpose X2 or X1 has purpose X2 where X1 is a thing or what else was it a thing or an event and this is an abstraction abstraction basically meaning something with lo new in it so to sit on so really what I want is dash D X1 is a thing I think I could just say lo sec Cosmu you know which which just means a thing with a purpose now because this is a Sumti I'm going to have to say bet in order to attach another Sumti to it so be lo new so so literally what this means is thing thing with the purpose of sitting I think this is really really close to what I want and of course if I say no it means no thing for the purpose of sitting I guess that would do it so so let's get rid of this so the hole had no Vasru what was Vasru again did not contain so was devoid of the hole was not oh yeah that's not what I wanted was it the problem is that I've got pretty much a double negative here right Vasru means contains and what I want to say it does not not contain it did not oh well no I have no in here so I have no in here so it does not contain zero of these things okay so the hole does not contain zero things zero things no I have to do that zero of things with purpose to sit on okay that's that kind of does it or to eat or to eat so things for the purpose of well this is nice because now what we want to do is we want to connect this one new and then eat with which I think is see job but I'm not sure no see jazz food what's eat shit car shit car shit car so what do I want here with nothing in it for sitting on or for eating so ah something like that maybe so let's go ahead and plug this into the parser and see how the grouping happens okay so cool Navasru great no great so that's none of these things law secos move bet law news it's a ah and then these things so bet applies to all of this which I wanted to make sure I wanted to make sure that I didn't like break out of bet so I think that's pretty pretty good so what I'm saying here is that cut the hole is not does not did not contain zero of things for the purpose of sitting or eating okay so that is pretty good okay and then we have this colon and it said it was a hobbit hole and that means comfort well hobbit hole we know that that's going to be a tanru because it's a hobbit type hole so that would be reader hobby kevna more reader hobby kevna hobbit hole so the hole was a hobbit type hole now with the colon really what we're doing is we're pointing out a contrast and we saw in the last video that however is kuhi so we want to put kuhi in here however the hole or in contrast but in contrast the hole was a hobbit hole and that means comfort so what we want here is a is a causal structure and we went over cause and effect so this is the cause of the effect that it was comfortable so we could do is it what's a reha so this is a physical or mental and then there's I think kuhi I already did key I think no that's not it let me look it up well okay here let's just look at the reason creenu that's kihu is a reason justification or explanation right so kihu which comes from creenu justifiably because of reason so that's interesting after all okay so kihu means because of reasoning so it was a hobbit hole we don't want it was a hobbit hole because it was comfort comfortable we want it was comfortable because it was a hobbit hole so se will will sort of invert cause and effect so i se kihu bo bo is required to separate kihu from the rest of the sentence it basically says that kihu now sort of applies to this part and to this part so so the so the previous statement is the cause and the effect is that it was comfortable comfortable okay uh it doesn't feel comfort it is comfortable makes x2 comfortable about i really don't like this because for something to feel comfort it it it's basically a subjective experience uh is comfortable with okay so this is also a subjective experience um what we're really going for is it causes comfort so i mean this would be great and makes everyone comfortable um so kufa gao is probably pretty good therefore it makes how about everyone comfortable i se kihu i se kihu bo kuh shu kufa gao kufa gao uh raw raw just means all not read or copy raw i think just raw alone means all so let's go ahead and plug that in because i'm not sure nope doesn't like it so it's not raw and even this doesn't work oh yeah okay could yeah i think it was because of bo bo needs an e so it needs a sentence before it so kufa gao raw okay that's not gonna work um um everyone all persons right raw prenu raw prenu or even raw low prenu all persons uh so maybe that is what i need here raw low prenu let's separate that over here so in contrast the hole was a hobbit hole therefore the hole uh makes all persons comfortable so so i think that's reasonable so unfortunately i did have to break it into uh basically five sentences uh i may be able to change this to maybe just this se kihu um now se kihu takes what does it take does it take a breedy um it takes an abstraction so i think lonu so what this means here so se kihu means uh with reason uh with with cause uh and then you give it an entire uh um you give it an entire do you give it an abstraction or a breedy now i can't remember yeah i plugged it into the parser and of course it doesn't parse unless you say lonu so it basically takes a an abstraction i guess so um so basically what we're saying is here is um that it causes uh the event that the hole makes everyone comfortable do i need this here or can i leave it out like this so in other words um does the x1 position here necessarily is it necessarily the same as the x1 position here i'm gonna have to research that one and i think the answer is no you really do have to specify um because lonu does not take a breedy tail it takes an entire breedy so lonu ka shu kufa gao lonu ra loprenu means effectively um that the tunnel tunnel the the hole is giving comfort to everyone so there we go four sentences to make the the second sentence of the hobbit now it's it's rather longer and i once had a theory that um sort of the the the utterance the length of an utterance that the amount of time that an utterance takes in any language to state some concept is is constant um you know if if you just you know get it down to its bare minimum you know you don't use flowery flowery music and that's my sort of kakamimi reasoning for why spanish to my ears sounds so fast and quick uh it's because you have to get in a lot more syllables in the same amount of time in order to express the same thing that you would in english now that could totally be completely untrue i don't know um i'm not an linguist so um you know it's possible that you know this stuff can get spoken in the same amount of time as this stuff does now the other thing is that um tulkin you know was an author i mean he he wrote very well uh i am not an author so you know i would not be able to make uh to put together a sentence like this if i wanted to say exactly that even in english um so i would certainly not be able to get the same um you know the same emotions and intensity and emphasis of the english um the same senses as the english so um i would love to get rid of kak but i don't think i can because each sentence um each sentence uh has to has to have a breedy and the the breedy has to have an x1 um i suppose that um i could connect breedy tales uh that would allow me to just get rid of this part right in the same way as this part uh but the problem is that in the english you know we've got we've got commas as separators um that could mean maybe that i could use a forethought but unfortunately there's no forethought connector for breedy tales there's only afterthought connectors so i i just can't do that so i think i'm just probably going to leave it here like this and if anybody has uh any other ideas that that uh you know maybe i should have tried leave it in the comments um i am going to really go out on a limb and open myself up to criticism by putting this sentence into one of the live chats for for the lojban language and you know just hoping that uh somebody recognizes it and uh and uh has something constructive to say about it um i know that when i've put in some simple sentences into the lojban chat uh i have gotten corrections and don't get me wrong i've learned from them but it was a little bit depressing so i'll i'll see what happens and you know hope for the best so anyway i guess that's about all i wanted to to do in this video is just translate this one sentence um if you like that um well give it a like obviously um if you don't like it give it a dislike uh it's all it's all impressions um but obviously i'd like more likes than dislikes and if you're really interested you know please let me know that you'd like me to continue trying to translate some of these sentences from the hobbit um the next sentences are also fairly long i think um it goes on and on about like describing the the tunnel and the hallway and the doors that are on it and well it describes the the front door that it has a little shiny brass knob and a round window like a porthole and and the tunnel goes into the into the hill and it's got you know lots of peg holes and it's got lots of doors opening out onto kitchens and pantries and you know all that stuff uh it just goes on and on and on so that that might be kind of fun to translate um i kind of like the fact that the first sentence is approximately the same length as the as the as the first sentence in english um not so much uh the second set of sentences uh but okay that's fine i'll i'll take it um anyway i guess that's about it so thanks for watching i hope you had kind of a an entertaining time and i will see you on the next video and i did spot one issue here which is remember that i said that kuh refers to the previous sumti that started with k so i do have to scan to see if i have anything starting with k and i do um although this is not a sumti so i can continue uh this is a sumti though so i think unfortunately that means that i need to take this kuh and change it to la kevna and let's see and this kuh uh refers to this kevna which is fine okay now i think it's good and uh when i did give this to the chat uh one suggestion did come up which i kind of like um is that sure new fun mo worm ends should probably be using jipno so before i was looking at jipno and i decided to go with fun mo um and it turns out that fun mo is more like the last part of something whereas uh jipno is just you know a tip or a point um and if we look at uh this page here in lojban.org there is a lot of um interesting example sentences for a lot of gizmo and fun mo does seem to indicate that this is like the final part or the the ending not an end as in you know the last thing so i think i'm just going to change fun mo to jipno and now we'll call it done