 I mean, a grammar of Tangut. The topic of today is the topics of Tangut. So, last, but so, everyone knows Tangut so much. This is a general information for the Shisha dynasty located here in the northwest area of China. And this is many cities of the Shisha dynasty. And from here I will start. The Tangut language. So, as you know, it belongs to the Tibetan language group. And it was written in Tangu script. And the Tangut language has unique features, not found in both old Tibetan and old Burmese. And this is general information on typology. Tangut belongs to so-called subject, object, verb, language. And actually also, the Tangut has so complicated verb threads in some cases. For example, prefix including negative, perfect, and something. And after then verb stem and auxiliary verb, pronominal suffix, especially pronominal suffix and particle. So, for the presentation today, I explained just prefix and suffix in Tangut language. So, this is the main verb, ending verb stem and auxiliary verb. That consists of the verb threads and the prefix and pronominal suffix. In some cases, there are some particles. And as you know, the prefix divided into two series. The prefix what we say, the first series of the prefix is that indicates the direction of the action or motion, the perfective aspect. And prefix series 2, we say prefix 2. The second series, it represents the obstative mode, mean. Finally, this pronominal suffix, the first and second person and ruler, it's a general opinion. Okay, from here I explained the set of the verb phrases. As you know, Tangut has so several kinds of prefix series and the prefix works series 1 and 2. Generally to say, they have the same initials and they have some kind of correspondence between prefix 1 and 2, politically. So, please remember this prefix 1. I say from my deconstruction, it's a key. So, this is the real from the real samples. It means the case marker and this is the prefix 1 and this is the main verb. From here, I say the vowels are underlined and the element in question. So, I emphasize it by red card. So, actually it's not so easy to decide the direction of the motion. But here, probably I suggest this meaning to the speaker, so he went into the castle. And second, of course, you know well, but this is one of the table of the set of independent forms and suffixes of Tangut pronominers. So, this independent form, the sound and characters say suffix. And so, it's divided into past and second and sad. And plural, it's not individual form for pronomia. But, I mean, so, after the noun, this kind of the moving. This means plural and probably it's corresponded to the suffix after the verb. And here, so, the right professor, Nishida Tatsuo, he in his proposal, the agent dual. So, some suffix indicating. So, now, from here, we test, but just we show this kind of verb agreement. It's popular to grammatical phenomena in native language. For example, first character is the top of the sentence. And the last character is same and same sound. And that means it gets out of the way. And in this sentence, so, this kind of the agreement, so, independent form, between independent form and suffix form. So, we return to this Tangut moving query. Actually, it has various functions. First, so, I say it belongs to prefix series 1. I mean direction of action or property. And in some case, in particular compounds, it shows some case markers. But suffix are making a dual of the agent. So, now, we will, so, test it. Actually, so, this moping in the previous dictionaries, I think not quite enough for explanation of this moping. For example, in Professor Kuchanov, so, this rubber and grammatical guard, it's all. And also, in Professor Newfoundland, it's probably same, not enough for the explanation. And from here, we use, for my previous reconstruction, this Zeraj, the initial I, means, so, neutral, high guard. So, it is same as Professor Gon's key and Professor Nishida's key. Here are samples from given by Professor Nishida Tatsuo. So, actually, first, I disagreed with his idea while I explained. So, I analyzed the sample series 1, so mainly this A and B. Now, this is the correspondent by what? So, please see this sentence A, which element, the element in question is here. Actually, after that, after that, but is it suffix? We cannot decide it because here, the final, the final character means it's also verb. And sentence number B is also after verb, okay. But why Professor Nishida decided to suffix? It's possible as a prefix of the final verb, I think. So, in these cases, so, I cannot read with him. So, because we cannot decide it, prefix or suffix, at least in these short samples, we cannot experiment. Next. Oh, yeah, probably, so, in C and E, this is the correspondence of what do I want to mean? Yeah, after this underlined Professor Nishida and the sequence, it's as a verb phrase of this sentence. After that, yeah, we can observe this element. But actually, in sentence number C and E, so, this is my following for the meaning. So, Professor Nishida's sample has no agent inside this sentence. No, I mean, no subject so appears here. Only D, we can see, we can observe. Probably agent or object, yeah, I explained it. This is the sentence. So, father, mother, and so, first person, singular and plural and case marker. Okay, this is the verb phrase. The meaning of this sentence, our father and mother should permit us to leave our household, right? So, this root point means subject. And this green point, object. Which pair is dual, so we can decide it. Father and mother appear. And this one, so, but probably in the sentence, it means the object, a sentence. So, in my previous expression, the samples given by Professor Nishida, I think so weak, a little. But in my previous work, so, I can observe such kind of phenomena. Please see the sentence number three. So, in this case, we can observe. After that, after that, after that, so, we can observe this element. But this sample, this means, this means a voluptuous super. So, that was how to say, block-created style. And in my previous work, I thought it's a mistake of the arrangement of the blocks. So, and after then, I tried to find any more proper samples for denying Professor Nishida. But, unfortunately, unfortunately, I found the proper example. So, I must have to apologize to Professor Nishida-sensei. So, in this sentence, clearly you can find two persons inside this simple sentence. So, in this sentence, first, two characters mean so weak. So, first singular and plural as next, the two persons apparently. And after that, we can find this element. After that, so, I analyzed my previous samples. All cases, the subjects, this kind of, of course, I can find it in the contents, in the text. So, that we, that we, that means two of us. I think in my previous samples, such as this one, the next one is same. So, this sentence, the sentence without a subject in this short samples. But actually, the real subject of this sentence, this is the two of us. So, of course, basically I think that the elements, the key, shows some kind of dual marker, as a dual marker. But, we can find so many exceptions actually. For example, please see this number seven. Number seven, apparently, inside this sentence, an under and roughly, so, two persons. But, without any kind of suffix, why? And please see number eight. Two, oh, oh, two, two Buddha and this Tatarada. This is the subject of this sentence. Two, but without any kind of suffix. So, why? I think in case such as short or simple sentences, we cannot observe such elements. Here, we return to the original text. For example, look. It's so long sentence, so long sentence. And here, this is, so, this means we, and the member, and suffix. So, I, this is the real sentence from my, from this work. So, now I show you the first sentence. The first part means, at the time, the boy and God say to Suttara. This means boy and God, two persons. And from here, from here, to the end of these lines, actually, actually, they are just inside the conversation. So, we return to our samples from here to here. So, we can observe such sentences, including suffix, quill. Inside, only conversation. And so, please see, this is my sample number four. So, this, this, so, we, two persons, but who, who is two persons here? The boy and girls located so far from here. This is my short conclusion. The suffix, this quill, appears in not short and simple sentence, but long and complicated sentences, in which it is not easy to know the subject and I cannot restrict subject because in Professor Nishida's sample, so, sample D. So, I think these two, the subject and the quill, but in case, so, we cannot decide only subject because subject, two persons, we finish. So, I think the suffix, quill, is, I think, not obligated, just a reminder for the leader. And is it possible from the viewpoint of Tibetan language? Some languages in Tibetan read the special expression of this kind of dual personings. Type A is by verb suffix, as Tangut. And type B is noun suffix or special form of pronominal, so pronominal. So, this is from Professor Nana or Yasuhiko from Japan. This is Jaron language and so please see the first singular and dual and dual. So, actually Jaron language, so, shows us some kind of the feature of dual. So, this prefix and suffix, especially, please mark this qi, African qi. And so, this is a real sentence, qi-gyo-kama-chi-ko. Is it right? So, the meaning of this sentence, we, two of us, will arrive. So, I think this qi is phonetically, not so far from Tangut qi, because before the e, the bira, bira-ku, so, it's possible to change, to use the affliction qi, in front of the central vowel. Next one is, I think it's not good samples, but some language, as a category, dual, the pronominal forms, including, like, qi-mofin. So, please see, this is the pronominal, and the real term, nanik. So, all the forms of dual, of pronominal, actually, language, as described in the qi, as dual barker. This is the conclusion of the meaning. Actually, this qi, max bira, the agent, and the suffix, not so simple, but long, get sentences, and its functions, as I think, just a reminder. Of course, I don't know the whole language of Tibet Barman, but, actually, I think, such kind of type of the expression for dual barkers, so, I think, close to general meaning of languages. But, actually, so, we have so more future tasks. Actually, the material mind is restricted in Buddhist texts, so, we can find the, not Buddhist texts, or future tasks. And, of course, you know, inside the Buddhist texts, it is so hard to find the dual subject, you know, vikni and vikshin. So, but they are not so too puzzle, and vikni. So, in closing, so, the prosperous Buddhist minds and minds, it means not dual, pluralist. So, anyway, from the context, we can find the dual subjects or not. And, the next task is, is it possible from the view of the Tibet Barman language? Yeah. So, because I'm so poor at the modern languages, and please give me some examples.