 Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the pint gut, which consists of large intestine. The large intestine comprises of three parts, the colon, the cecum and the rectum. The large intestine connects with the small intestine through an heliocolic sphincter. This sphincter controls the movement of material entering to the large intestine. The heliocolic sphincter is periodically open and closed from time to time. This means that the large intestine transfers the amount of the luminal residue to the small intestine. This is not a continuous process. It is a continuous process that the small intestine transfers the amount of the large intestine to the large intestine. Dear students, the junction of small and large intestine forms a T. In this junction, on one side of the T is a sac like cecum, whereas on the other side there is a longer colon. Cecum is a blind sac which is not open on the other side. Cecum is larger and functional in non-ruminant herbivore mammals. These herbivore mammals, which are non-ruminant, are relatively large and more functional. In these mammals, bacteria and microbes live in the cecum, which ferment plant material. In non-ruminants, the stomach does not have room for fermentation. In non-ruminants, the fermentation process is in the cecum, which makes the cecum larger. The human's cecum is quite small in size, but it has a finger-like extension which is called appendix, which is about 9 cm long. Appendix has no role in digestion or absorption. However, it has some undefined role in immunity because it has many lymph nodes inside it. Dear students, the colon part of the large intestine is the longest part. It is about 1.5 m long in humans. It has four parts which are called as ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmite colon. Large intestine receives undigested part of food, and colon receives the undigested part of food along with excess water and inorganic ions. The colon travels along the length of food comparatively quite slowly, and takes about 12-24 hours to reach the rectum. The colon functions two important functions. First, it absorbs water and ions. Second, it solidifies and converts the indigestible wastes into feces. At the end of colon, rectum starts, which is the terminal portion of large intestine. Rectum is a straight and muscular tube. It begins from the end of sigmite colon and ends at the anal canal. Rectum's function is to store feces until they are eliminated. After rectum, the last part of the digestive tract is called anal canal, which is about 2-3 cm long. This part starts from the inferior most end of rectum and ends at the anus. Dear students, there are two sphincters lying between the rectum and anus. First is the inner sphincter and second is the outer sphincter. Inner sphincter is composed of smooth muscles and is involuntary, while the outer sphincter is made up of skeletal muscles and is voluntary. The periodic and strong contractions of colon cause defecation reflex. Defecation reflex opens the anal sphincters. Once these anal sphincters open, it creates an urge to defecate. After which, defecation occurs. And this is the last function of the elementary canal.