 وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزاله وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأواله الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل واشدوا الله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له واشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى this is our third episode and our second lesson we've previously taken lesson number one and before that we did the introduction so this will be our third episode but our second lesson إن شاء الله تعالى in this lesson إن شاء الله تعالى I hope to cover five points there are five things I hope to cover إن شاء الله تعالى in this episode the first thing إن شاء الله تعالى is ما هو الأصل في وجوب الصوم what is the evidence in the Qur'an or the sunnah that show the obligation of fasting what is the evidence for fasting the scholars they say when they have discussions in books of iq they say ما هو الأصل في وجوب كده وكده and what they mean by that is ما هو الدليد the word أصل is sometimes used as a deal so you say ما هو الأصل في وجوب كده وكده or saying ما هو الدليل في وجوب كده وكده is the same because the word الأصل and the deal are sometimes used as a synonym they used one and the other the same way that the word الأصل can mean the strongest opinion you can call الراجح the strongest you could call it an أصل as صاحب المراقي said ويطلقوا الأصل على ما قد رجح that the word أصل is sometimes used as that which is the strongest that's a side benefit إن شاء الله تعالى for the students of knowledge to take down so here the question is what is the evidence to show fasting is obligatory the evidence to show that fasting is obligatory is قوله تعالى the statement of Allah يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تكتقون this ayah is evidence for the obligation of Ramadan الله سبحانه وتعالى he says يا أيها الذين آمنوا those of you who believe Allah is talking to the believers كتب عليكم الصيام fasting has been made obligatory onto you as it was made obligatory on those who came before you لعلكم تتقون so you can attain Taqwa and piety from the fasting so Allah is talking to the believers and he is telling them that the fasting is obligatory upon them so fasting is what? obligatory because the word كتبا means for iqba it was made obligatory on you also the other evidence is if anyone from amongst you who sees the entering of the month of Ramadan فاليا صمه he should fast فاليا صمه means fast it's a command and the قاعدة the principle according to the scholars is that if Allah and his messenger command you to do something that command shows obligation if Allah tells you do this it's an obligation you have to do it if the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم tells you to do something you have to do it it's an obligation and that's what we have in the ayah here فمن شهد منكم الشهرة فاليا صمه anyone who sees the month فاليا صمه it's an obligation it's a command you have been told to do it والأمرو يقتض الوجب and the command shows obligation it shows obligation based on those two ayahs it's obligatory also the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he mentioned to us that fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam بوني الإسلامه على خمسن Islam is built upon five pillars and from the five pillars that is built upon one of it is what صمه رمضان the fasting in the month of Ramadan and there's consensus amongst the أعولان the people of knowledge that fasting is obligatory not two scholars differed whether Ramadan fasting it is obligatory or not no two scholars differed upon it scholars have differed on many things but from the things they differed upon it's not whether fasting is obligatory or not they unanimously all of the scholars accept that fasting is obligatory and that one must fast the month of Ramadan ابنو تيمير transmitted a consensus ابنو قييم transmitted a consensus الإمام النوير transmitted a consensus ابنو قدامة transmitted a consensus ابنو المدر transmitted a consensus ابنو حزم رحمة الله transmitted a consensus يعني all of these علامة have mentioned that it's an obligation by unanimous decision that it's something a person must do what about if a person rejects fasting if a person rejects fasting يعني says that Ramadan is not obligatory on me or Ramadan is not obligatory that person is a disbeliever they leave the fold of al-Islam they are no longer considered a Muslim what about if a person leaves Ramadan out of laziness that person does not fast out of laziness but they believe it's obligatory but they left it out of laziness or they left it because of desires not because they are rejecting the obligation of fasting the scholars they are the overwhelming majority of scholars are of the opinion that a person is a sinner who is falling into a major sin there is a view transmitted from that the person who leaves fasting is a disbeliever يعني if he leaves it he is a disbeliever there is a view transmitted from that says that but the strongest opinion is rather than the Salah every other action if the person leaves it he is a sinner يعني he is doing major sin or he is doing a sin the second point that I want Insha'Allah in today's class the condition the prerequisite of fasting being obligatory what is the prerequisite for Ramadan to be obligatory يعني what does what must be in place before Ramadan can be obligatory upon a person when does fasting become obligatory on an individual so this is called what it's called شرطو الوجوب شرطو الوجوب is different from what the أصوليين call شرطو الصحة okay we're not talking about شرطو الصحة and we're not going to go into what that is we're now just going to talk about شرطو الوجوب means what is a condition for fasting to be obligatory on you the first thing is there are five and the first one is الإسلام the person must be a Muslim fasting is obligatory upon a Muslim that's what Allah سبحانه وتعالى يا إيه الذين أمن كتب عليكم الصيامة all those of you who believe fasting was made obligatory on to you يا إيه الذين أمن الإسلام is a prerequisite for the fasting to be obligatory on you number two العقل the person has to have sanity فلا يصحر صوم مجنوني fasting is not right and it's not accepted and it's not obligatory on an insane person the reason is because sanity takes the mind and the mind is needed for the intention of fasting as we're going to touch on later one of the pillars of fasting is امية intention and if the person loses their sanity they lose the intention and if they lose the intention their fasting is so because of that the person who is insane the fasting is not accepted from them even if they fast and it's not obligatory on them and the evidence for that is the hadith of Imam Abu Dawud narrated in his Sunan that the Prophet ﷺ he said رفع القلم وعن ثلاثة the pen is lifted from three عن الصبي حتى يبلغى the child until he reaches age of puberty وعن نائم حتى يستيقظى the third one who is sleeping until he wakes up وعن المجنون حتى يفقى and the insane one until he regains consciousness so the insane fasting is not accepted from him nor is it obligatory on him or her the third one is البلوخ reaching age of puberty فلا يجيب الصوم على الصغيري fasting is not obligatory on the child حتى يبلغى until he reaches age of puberty لكن إذا كان الصبي يموم يزن if the child has reached سن التمييز and he can distinguish one thing from another he's smart, he's clever he's eight, he's seven, eight, nine and he fasts صح صومه he's fast he's correct and he's taken into consideration but it's not obligatory on him if the child has reached age of puberty fasting is not obligatory on him but if he fasts and he's reached سن التمييز he's a مميز then his fasting is correct إن شاء الله number four القدرة على صومه that the person has the ability to fast فلا يجيب الصوم هو not obligatory it is not obligatory upon من لا يقدروا عليه the one who hasn't got the ability to do it there's some type, some people who are unable to fast they don't have the ability like the sick person whose illness is chronic and this is an illness we're not hoping or the doctors are saying that this is going to be forever this person is one who doesn't have the ability to fast he hasn't got the ability to fast so the fasting is not obligatory on him anymore in order for you to fast you have to have the ability to fast and the fifth prerequisite that makes fasting obligatory on you is عدم المانية there should not be a preventative factor preventing you from fasting such as الحائضة ونفساء فلا يجيب الصوم على الحائضة ونفساء the women who are on their menstruation or on their postnatal bleeding fasting is not obligatory on them why because حيب menstruation and nifas are preventative factors that prevent a person from fasting so because of that a person or a woman who is on her menstruation fasting is not obligatory on her fasting is not obligatory on a woman who is on her menstruation or a woman who is on her postnatal bleeding she's just given birth she's on her 40 days 40 days of bleeding after giving birth that woman also must not fast fasting is not obligatory on her and she shouldn't even try to fast because she will be going against what Allah and His Messenger have set for her so we've done الحمد لله 2 points so far the first point I spoke about the ruling or the evidence to prove that fasting is obligatory the second point what I spoke about is the prerequisite for fasting to be obligatory on someone I'm going to swiftly move on to the third one which is what are the pillars of fasting now we have to know the difference between شرط and رقن شرط is a prerequisite and رقن is a pillar the شرط and the رقن have something in common and they also differ on something as well what they both have in common if a شرط is missing then the act is null and void so if the prerequisite is missing then the act of عبادة is null and void the same way with the pillar if the pillar is missing then the act that you're doing is null and void for example the prerequisites we mentioned 5 prerequisites 5 prerequisites for fasting if any of those 5 if one of it is missing then the fasting is null and void the same with the pillar the 2 pillars that I'm going to mention for fasting if any one of them is missing then the act is null and void so they have that in common the difference between the 2 is that the prerequisite is before the action whereas the pillar is part of the action it's in the action and both of them also have something else in common which is if the person deliberately goes against any one of those 2 they could be a sinner for it or they are a sinner for it I hope you understand this point now I'm going to go on to the 3rd point in our today's lesson or today's episode which is the pillars of fasting the pillars of fasting the pillars of fasting are 2 and they are number 1 annya intention intention is a pillar it's a pillar that every single one of us has to come with we have to have the intention of fasting and the evidence for this is the Hadith of Imam Uddara narrated in his Sunan حديث عائش رضي الله تعالى عنها the Prophet ﷺ he said ملم يبيت الصيامة قبل طروع الفجري فلا صيام له رواه الدار قطني anyone who doesn't come with an intention before the sun rises before the sun rises okay فلا صيام له that person hasn't got any fast يعني before sunrise you have to come with the intention if you do not come with it then don't consider that day a fasting that's the first pillar the second pillar is المفطرات with holding and avoiding and abstaining from the things that break your fasting which we will talk about in today's session in today's episode you have to stay away from the مفطرات the things that break your fasting are we going to mention that they are 10 things you have to abstain from those 10 things you need to stay away from those 10 things or else your fasting will break and the evidence for that is الله سبحانه وتعالى what he said complete your fasting until night يعني until مغرب you have to complete it completed here means to stay away from the things that break your fasting so those are the two pillars that you have to come with the first one is منية intention الحديث عائشة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال من لم يبيت الصيام قبل طلوع الفجري فلا صيام له the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said anyone who doesn't come with an intention before the sun rises for fajر فلا صيام له that person doesn't have no fasting رواه الدارة قطري ودارة قطري narrated and the second one is الامساك عن المفطلات staying away from the things that break your fasting and the evidence for that is قوله تعالى complete your fasting until night الله سبحانه وتعالى now we're gonna go into the fourth point that I want to insha'Allah cover in today's episode which is مبطلات الصوم the things that nullify your fasting what are the things that nullify a person's fasting the things that nullify a person's fasting are 10 and we're gonna go through those 10 the first one is الأكل عمدن to eat deliberately the second one is it is to drink deliberately the third one is الجماعة to have sexual intercourse if a person eats or drinks deliberately or has sexual course their fasting is broken as for if the person he drinks or he eats and he has forgotten فلا يبطلو صومه his fasting is not the nullavoid and if a person forgot they went and they just drank 8 and they forgot that they are fasting then this insha'Allah it does not nullify your fasting based on the حديث لمام البخاري and muslim both narrated من نسيا وهو صائم فأكلأوا شريبة فاليوتم صومه فإنما أطعمه الله وصقا anyone who forgets and then goes and eats or drinks and he's in a state of fasting فاليوتم صومه complete your fasting فإنما أطعمه الله وصقا الله is the one who gave you this risk it's Allah who is providing for you it is Allah who is nourishing you carrying your fasting you're not held account for it the fourth is تعمد القيب to deliberately vomit the prophet SAW he said وانستقاء فاليقضي sorry he makes himself deliberately vomit then he needs to bring back that fasting رواه أبو داود والترميدي الإمام أبو داود and ترميدي both narrated this so deliberately making yourself vomit breaks your fasting like some people do some people whenever they eat they like to bring out whatever they eat انزالوا عن مباشرة أول استمناء انزال means إجاكلة هذه إجاكلة يمكن أن يأتي من مباشرة أن يأتي يأتي إلى الوصول مع your spouse or your partner and then that results to some إجاكلة or it coming from masturbation whichever way it comes that the person ejaculates of course it's deliberate and the person is doing deliberately then this person's fasting is نالانبويد whether it comes from kissing or touching or it comes from it doesn't matter this breaks your fasting but if the person has a wet dream while they are sleeping then you're not held account for it if it happens to you whilst you're sleeping then this is not what you held account to it's when you make yourself reach ejaculation number 6 and number 7 which is حيض ونفاس حيض ونفاس both of them have the same ruling which is they break your fasting the prophet SAW أليس إذا حاضت لم تصلي ولم تصوم isn't the woman when she's on her menstruation she doesn't pray nor does she fast so the نفاس takes the ruling of the حيضة the نفاس and the حيض take the same ruling number 8 is الجنون insanity if the person جن في نهاري رمضان he becomes insane whilst fasting يضطل صوم his fasting becomes مالانبويد because he loses what he loses the intention the intention is a رقن it's a pillar and once you become insane you are no longer conscious so you lose the intention which makes the fasting نلنبويد number 9 is الريده apostasy فمن يرتد عن الإسلام فقد أفضل ولا خلافا في دالي anyone who apostates from Islam leaves the religion of Islam and fasting becomes نلنبويد and there's no dispute amongst the scholars regarding it الله سبحانه وتعالى سنة القرآن ومن يرتد منكم عن ديلي فيمت وهو كافر فأولئك حبطت أعمالهم في الدنيا والآخرة وأولئك أصحاب النالن فيها خالدون anyone who apostates from their religion and they die in that state state of kufr فأولئك حبطت أعمالهم وننلنبويد في هذا العالم ومن hereafter and they are from the people of the health fire and they will stay there for it number 10 which is the last type is حقن الغذائية if a person takes insulin or if a person takes nutritional substance that are plugged into his body which takes the place of the food he takes an injection and this injection gives him glucose and it gives him nutrition this breaks your fast because it is a substitute for food but if what you are taking does not give you nutrition nor does it is not a substitution for food then this does not break your fast okay this does not break your fast but if it is a supplement that go into your body that you inject yourself into or even you take droplets into your mouth or all of this they break your fasting because they do exactly what food it does those 10 are the 10 things that break your fasting they are considered and they are seen as the nullifiers of fasting now now we are going to the last part of today's episode which is يباح الفطر في رمضان who are the people who are allowed who are permitted to insha'Allah تعالى not fast in Ramadan they are excused they don't have to fast the obligation does not apply to them and they are five asnaf five types of people يباح الفطر في رمضان لخمسة أصناف in وهم to break your fast they are only permitted for five types of people they don't have to fast in the month of Ramadan the first one is المريض والمسافر والحامل والمرض والعاجز عن الصوميلي كيبرين and the fifth one is الحيض والنفساء those are the five those five they don't have to fast let's start with the first one the first one is المسافر they have the same evidence the مريض is the sick one and the one who is a traveler الله says in the ayah ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام الأخر the one who is sick and the one who is a traveler they have to bring it back another time so they don't have to fast that's the evidence for the sick one and the traveler الحامل والمرضع the one who is pregnant or the one who is breastfeeding she doesn't have to fast والعاجز عن الصوميلي كيبرين and the one who is unable to fast because of an old age the evidence for number three and number four number three is what الحامل والمرضع the one who is pregnant or breastfeeding that's number three the one who is unable to fast because of an old age so three and four the evidence for that is دعوة الامام أبو داود نريت لنستنن لحديث سعيد من وجبير عن ابن عباسل رضي الله تعالى عنهما لك عبد الله ابن عباسل when he came to the ayah وعلى الذين يطيقون وفيدية طعام ومسكين he said كل يوم من مسكينة والحبلة والمرضع إذا خافتها إذا خافتها أفطارتها وأطعمتها he said عبد الله ابن عباسل this is الرخصة for the old man وعلى الذين يطيقون وفيدية طعام مسكين the ayah is talking about those who are unable to fast they are going to give فيديا فيديا every day they are going to take care of a مسكين every day one مسكين every day so عبد الله ابن عباس tells us who are these people he said كانت رخصة للشيخ الكبير so the old man or the old woman who is unable to do it وهم يطيقان الصيامة أن يفطر ويطعم مكان كل يوم مسكينة والحبلة the one woman who is pregnant he said والمرضع the one who is breastfeeding إذا خافتها if they are both scared افطرتها واطعمتها if both of them are scared the pregnant woman and the breastfeeding woman are scared they both have to break their fast and each day they give food to a مسكين the last one which is the fifth is الحائل ضوان نفسا the women who are on their menstruation or postnatal bleeding which is the fifth one this is based on the حديثة which I mentioned before that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said الحديث إذا حاضت لم تصلي ولم تصم فذلك فذلك نقصان دينها that the woman who is on her menstruation or her on her postnatal bleeding that woman she doesn't pray nor does she fast and that is what reduces from her religion and that is why her religion is reduced as the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said so those five those five quickly are what المريض والمسافر والحامل والمرضع والعاجز عن صوم الكيبارين والحائل ضوان نفسا these five the first one is the sick individual the second one is the traveler the third one is the pregnant or the breastfeeding mother the fourth is the elderly individual the male or female doesn't matter and the fifth one is the woman who is on her menstruation or her postnatal bleeding those they don't have to fast fasting is not obligatory on them they are excused today's class إن شاء الله that was the plan I wanted to cover those five Jewish Spooner rulings I hope I've given the topic justice anything I might have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me الشيطان and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفروك وأتوب إلي السلام عليكم if you're enjoying these videos and you'd like to keep up to date with all of the courses we're going to be running make sure you head over to amauathome.com