 I'm Greg Indris, NDSU Extension Service Area Agronomous Space at the Carrington Research Extension Center. I'd like to highlight a corn study where I examine three different factors. The first is responsive corn to tillage systems, the second is responsive corn to start a fertilizer placement, and the third is a response to roll spacing. The first factor in this study was comparison of three tillage systems. The first was conventional teal, where the amount of small grain residue is less than 30% and oftentimes 10% or less. The second tillage system was direct seeded, where corn was planted directly into the standing small grain stubble. The third system was strip teal, where in the fall strips were made, and then the following spring corn was planted into those strips, as is pictured. This graph shows the average yield across the five site years that the study was conducted comparing the tillage systems. The work was conducted in 2007 through 2010, and again this past season in 2012. As you can see, the average across the years is a very similar response of the corn to all three of the tillage systems. Next slide too, talk about the impact of placement of starter fertilizer for corn. In general, NDSU's recommendations are to have a goal of having high testing soil for both phosphorus and potassium. We recommend applying a starter as a band within two inches of the seed to provide an opportunity for the plant to get an early season growth. Our standard recommendation would be to apply the fertilizer within two inches, such as a two by two inch band, and we expect corn response to be greater versus an inferral application of the starter, and have a greater impact versus not using a starter fertilizer at all. Also corn responds to zinc, and if your soil test is less than one part per million, we would recommend applying some starter zinc. In the study we had four basic fertilizer placement methods. They included untreated check, and then fall deep banded 1034O place at the time that we fall strip-tealed, and then another treatment was placing 1034O inferral as well as a two by zero band, which would be two inches horizontally from where the seed was placed. Also note the phosphorus soil test as listed on the bottom of the graph, and also the rate of 1034O, which range anywhere from 5 to 12 gallons per acre based on the soil test and fertilizer application methods. So averaged across the four site years, which included 2008 through 2010 and 2012, we did see a trend for yield response with a two by zero band and the fall deep band as compared to the untreated check. The inferral application was actually slightly less than the untreated check, and probably due to stand loss because of the fertilizer placement directly with the seed. The third factor in this corn study was the response of corn to 22-inch rolls versus 30-inch rolls. The study was started just this past season in 2012, so only have one site year of data. The data is encouraging, showing that the narrow rolls, the 22-inch, did provide a 5% yield increase compared to the standard 30-inch roll spacing. In summary, the corn response to tillage systems was very similar across the five site years. This may have been due to well-drained loam soil, timely planting of corn, but not planting early, and also planting into residue that was modest, small grain residue, for example, as compared to corn residue. With the starter fertilizer placement averaged across four site years, we see a trend toward having better yield with a two by zero band, and that being similar to the fall deep band, and both greater than the inferral starter fertilizer application. And finally, with very limited data, just one site year, we have seen a yield advantage with having narrow rolls, in this case 22-inch versus the standard 30-inch rolls, and the advantage so far was about 5%. The study will be continued in 2013, where we will continue to examine the response of corn to the starter fertilizer placement, as well as the roll spacing.