 This presentation concerns clinical competencies and is aimed at people who are actually training and working up to the evaluation process for endorsement at the clinical level for their placements. Let's look at some of these competencies then. Let's take the first one I've got on the sheet here which is to listen actively. Well the therapist must be listening actively to the client in order to listen to the person's story, for the client to feel accounted for and most of all to build up a working relationship and rapport. Two particular things to look out for, one is the ability to summarize by the therapist and secondly the ability to paraphrase by the therapist. If we'll take summarize that's the ability of the therapist to give a brief description of the story to be able to sum up what they've heard and feedback that process to the actual client. That's important in terms of the client you know feeling accounted for, heard and feeling that the therapist is on their side and it gives the client the chance to hear back their own story. It provides a sense of continuity in the therapy process and allows the client to listen well to feel listened to basically. Paraphrase in the same ballpark though it's a much smaller process where a brief couple of sentences might be fed back to the client but it has the same purpose so that the client feels heard there's a sense of continuity in the process they feel accounted for and we have rapport building. Okay let's move on to the next one on this list which is that the therapist is able to make contracts that they can establish bilateral mutual contracts. Now the word bilateral is very important here that is a two-way contract. It's not just the clients making the contract but also that the therapist has a part to play in this in terms of witnessing a contract, helping them make the contracts and it's agreeing to the contract really in terms of it being achievable. The clients not setting themselves up to reinforce their script by buying into a contract which is script-laden. So contracts need to be mutual as well as I said needs to be made relationally in that mutual process between therapist and client. Contracts need to be established from an adult to you know adult to adult stance not parent to parent or parent to child or child to parent but a contract in the here and now adult to adult and then this contract will be the framework for the therapeutic direction and focus in that therapeutic session and if there's no rule contract of course for general treatment. In the clinical competencies though you'll have 20 minutes and therefore it's the contract which provides the focus for those 20 minutes and it's very good to come back at the end of the 20 minutes and say you know just check up whether they have achieved their contract or you know where they moved in terms of the contract etc. It needs to be a contract for change. It doesn't mean that the change will happen in that 20 minutes but at least the contract's being explicit. It's being you know there for both the therapist and the client to explore and it could well be an exploring contract and it usually is an exploring contract that you will accept in this 20 minutes process anyway. It's also important when you do the contract and you could take 5 minutes, 2 minutes, 20 minutes even well props up 20 minutes but you might take 15 minutes even making the contract. Usually contracts are made in the first sort of 10 minutes, 5 minutes of the 20 minutes session but could take longer, could even take shorter of course. You might make the contract in a couple of minutes and the contract might be achieved after 15 minutes and then you would stop you wouldn't need the 20 minutes or could be an exploring contract where change would happen later on in the treatment process. You also need to the beginning to talk about the sabotage to change so in other words when you make the contract so somebody says they'd like to be more relaxed rather than depressed you need to ask the person well how might you sabotage yourself being relaxed then and often the contracts comes out of the sabotage process question. You need them to ask you know what do they need to do to make that change and maybe what support they've got in this process. So contracts is an important one and you usually spend quite a bit of time in the 20 minutes making that contract. Okay clinical interventions from TA theory well that's all about showing that you can at least talk about at least two TA interventions clinically. That will be done at the end of the 20 minutes so after the clinical after the theory sorry after the actual clinical practice has happened the evaluator will talk about you know what what actual interventions you did and also talk about them in the TA theoretical process so for example what injunctions were you working with or what drivers were you working with or what script were you witnessing change or you know anywhere anything from that process so that the evaluator has an understanding that you know no or can talk TA theory at least two positions. Another important competency is contact with the clients that you are able to maintain contact with the clients. TA is a contact oriented psychotherapy it's essential for building up rapport. The major methodology that you're aiming for is a sense of attunement and you've got different types of attunement of course you've got developmental attunement you've got rhythmic attunement you've got historical attunement so you have different levels of attunement but you know if you get the attunement right by definition you you'll have a contact oriented psychotherapy to process. Now of course what usually happens is people break the contact or the client attempts to break contact in some way you have interruptions to contact so you know the evaluator will be looking for how you know how good the strong word but how the actual therapist is making contacts with the actual clients. Phenomenological inquiry again remember we have a contact oriented therapy but what's important here is that the person can demonstrate the three methods of inquire three methods of integrative psychotherapy them inquiry involvement and attunement. Okay the next one is therapists opens ask open questions so that's questions that elicits responses not just yes or no but the therapist is actually making sure that the person can talk their story open freely so it's more things like tell me a little bit more about this or something like that not just you know something to terms the yes or no answer. I'm okay you're okay position very important that therapist can actually come from a non-judgmental position is not defining the other person and really can keep away from assumptions. The therapist has an openness and a non-judgmental position and that is actually needs to be a bedrock really of the therapist position within the therapy process. The therapist can facilitate the client to talk openly for that to happen of course needs be a sense of trust between the two people genuineness and a sense of curiosity which I think is important in the process so that the client can feels accounted for and we have a sense of rapport building and trust in the process. Okay the person can decline the therapist I mean can demonstrate effective interventions using transaction analysis so they may be things like interventions that help the client move what move out a script helps the client move between ego states and there's a general shift in ego states and finally that after the 20 minutes evaluation the evaluator will be talking about transfers and encouraging the you know the person taking the evaluation to be able to talk about transfers merely from a physician of hypothesis of who they were for the clients or in fact who if you take the count of transfers position who the client might be for them okay then I hope this helps as I said the evaluation is usually 20 minutes and then a further 10 minutes quarter an hour with the evaluator talking to the the person about various theoretical issues or what they like from the process and anything the evaluator needs to actually talk more about in terms of pass or defer. Okay thank you bye bye