 Hello friends, in today's session we are going to discuss on a topic advanced instrument that is a total station, myself, Bipin Patil, assistant professor, department of civil engineering, Vulture, Institute of Technology, Swallapur. These are the learning outcomes for today's session. At the end of this particular session, learners will be able to explain about total station. What do you mean by total station? Why we are using this total station? What are the purposes, advantages, each and all things we are going to discuss in this particular video session? Observe this picture very carefully, displays present here now, reflector or prism is present, hand grip is present here for handling this particular instrument, ADM, LED for reflection measurement, battery, we have provided battery here, data upload and download through this particular cable, it is present here now, then pen tags, reflector prism, different types of prism, their reflector, each and all things are present. So what is the purpose to using this particular total station, a total station and the function of this particular total station is very similar to the theodolite to measure the angles by using electronic distance meter. Then similarly we are using the same instrument for measuring the distances, maybe horizontal vertical distances and to record this particular data directly in this particular instrument. Then the basic principle of total station, basically three principles are present. This is nothing but your geodeimeter, that is your instrument transmit the rates, reflector is present here, that is nothing but your object and reflected beam. So get the output data in this particular instrument here, input, output. So three basic principles are present here, these instruments are measuring the distances of the prism poles, that is nothing but the reflector with the help of laser beam or infrared rays, pass infrared rays, it, object is present here, it impacted over the object and get it the output data. These signals are emitted by the instrument, that is nothing but electronic distance meter and reflected back to the instruments by prism mounted on the prism poles. And third one, the time interval between emission and reception. It helps to calculate the speed of this particular signals. So how do you calculate it? d, that is the distance, t by 2 into v, that is total time taken and v is nothing but the velocities there. Refer this figure and get it the idea regarding this. Next one, features of total station, why we are using this particular, what are the features are present? First one, total station is used for different surveying work. It is most accurate and user friendly equipment, easily you can identify the input output data and easily you can record the data. It gives the position of a point in all direction, that is nothing but x, y and z direction, that is nothing but your base points. It measures angles, distances, it displays the coordinates x, y and z, EDM is fitted inside the telescope. So telescope is present here and the display is present here, that is nothing but the digital displays there. Then onboard memory to store data, each and all data is stored here inside this particular instrument, memory card or other modems are present inside that. Compatibility with computers, easily you can shrink this data by using computers. Atolabel compensator is also available inside this instrument and can work in a laser visibility. To measure distances even without prismatic targets for laser distances it is possible by using total station. It is waterproof instrument and different softwares are available, onboard softwares are available inside the instrument. It is also used to prepare a core layout after feeding data. Use of this particular total station, general purpose of this particular total station is, these are the things but your instrument, reflectors, cables, prism poles, prism tripod, your instrument is present here. General purpose is to measure the angle, measurement of angle, it may be horizontal angle, it may be vertical angle. Then to measure the distances, horizontal distances, vertical distances, whenever the measure work is there, that is nothing but airport work, railways, highway, canals. So we are using this total station nowadays. Layout of your buildings, it is quite better as compared to remaining instruments. To measure a slope measurement, slope measurement means in railway work we are providing a gentle slope. Similarly we are providing for highway work slope is present, canal work to provide a slope according to the gravitational force, we are providing the water to the crops and remaining purpose. So total stations we are using. Provision of control surveys, easily you can control the survey work. Different provisions are present inside this particular instrument. To prepare a control map we are using total station, easily you can achieve the control map. So it may be your block contouring work, it may be your radial contouring work, so easily you can occupy this particular instrument you are using to prepare a contours and detail mapping of this particular. Next one, setting out and a construction work. So to prepare a layout for your building, for it may be industrial building, it may be commercial building. So for setting out we are using total station. Similarly for construction work, any type of construction, it may be residential, industrial, commercial, government project, multitasking projects are there, we are using total station nowadays. Angular accuracy up to one, here you just consider it may be seconds. Another one function is present or used, that is the distance measured with laser up to near about 2 kilometer, easily you can identify the distances. Distance measured with infrared reads up to 4 kilometer with single prism. If you are using single prism, so up to 4 kilometer easily you can measure this particular distances. Component of a total station, basic components just like similar to your theodolite, tripods, food screws are present. Instead of this particular horizontal vertical disk, display is present here, prism rates, so idiom that is electronic distance meter, electronic theodolite is present, then onboard microprocessor, microprocessor were provided inside this, to collect data, data collector is there, to store the input data, output data, data storage system is provided inside this and prisms are there. So by using this particular components easily can achieve distances, angles and any other work. Now one stages of total station, nowadays traditional survey methods are labor rights and to consume time, to consume a labors and for speedy work, we are using total station. Traditional survey methods are labor rights and time consuming, we are using total station. This instrument is fully automatic, electronic measurements are there, there is no need to use tape, chain and either other all things. Another one thing are digital display, we are provided here, so by using this digital display easily can identify the readings. But in previous on conventional method, you just observe to measure the angles on horizontal disk, on A frame, on B frame, then you just identify the tolerance. So now here directly we identify the readings, stop readings, distances, angles each and all things are available here on a display. One more major factor that is the data storage in instrument is possible and same data you just store in your computer by using LAN cables. Two more advantages, direct transport to a personal computer of a data stored in instruments. So whatever the data is present here, control maps are there, control readings are there, horizontal distances are there, number of project works are present, easily can shrink this data. Online operation through a integrated interface of a computer is possible in a total station and these are the few disadvantages are there. That is total stations are dependent on batteries and electronics, might be some errors are present, a battery is discharged, so some problems are happened. LCD screens does not work well when it is cold, cold climate is present, so this particular screen is not working properly. Battery life is also short, so this is one type of disadvantage is there, batteries and electronics both do not work well when wet, wet condition is present there. And loss of data is an important consideration is there, suppose if data is lost, so each and all things are over, these are the major disadvantages are there. Now my dear friends, we just try to pause the video and give the answer of this particular question. So this is the particular answer of the question, to prepare this particular session I refer these are the references, thank you.