 Let's start our session first of all, self-introduction from Ren Kai for Bluetooth inside G, APAC region. I am the senior developer relations manager, so today I'm very honored to share with you about Bluetooth Mesh and Zephyr. I myself, based in Shanghai, but for this time I am very happy to join you in this session to share with you about Bluetooth Mesh. So it has been evolved from point to point, point to point, and to today, point to point to point. So lots of illusions to share with you today. Before starting today's session, brief introduction to our Bluetooth Alliance. It's Bluetooth, a special interesting group, Bluetooth SIG. We're headquartered in Seattle, US, now in APEC region. We're responsible for the technologies and the business development. I myself am mainly responsible for technology development. So we have three basic tasks. The first task is specification. Now we have over 15 task groups. They are our membership companies, and they can join different SIGs, work groups, task groups, to make contributions to the standards. The second, also very important task, is our modification. Because within our system and framework, if you use our Bluetooth logo, you need to be qualified. And for our SIG, we have lots of verification policies to make sure connectivity can be guaranteed. And third part is promotion. And today I'm here, so this is also promotion. And we will participate in exhibitions and treat shows, also trainings for the developers to promote this technology, so that more general public will get the knowledge of the evolution of Bluetooth technology. This slide is about the timeline and milestone of Bluetooth technology. So we established in 1998, and 20 years have passed within these two decades. Bluetooth technology came across two very important time duration, the first one, as you can see on the slide, the bottom part. We have our radio part. When we just published it, the Bluetooth is VR EDR, and also low energy. So after the publication of a Bluetooth 1.0, the main applications are point to point. And the scenarios are audio streaming for transmitting audio. You can think of the Bluetooth headset and also the speakers. So all these applications are based on the audio streaming scenario of application. And for Bluetooth VR EDR radio, after publishing till now, it works as a long evolution application, also lots of smart speakers. In the overseas market, they have an echo from Amazon, Google Home, also HomePod. In China, we have Timo Genie, Baidu, and Xiaomi smart devices. They can go through Wi-Fi to connect. But also you can use Bluetooth as a very important channel for audio streaming on your phone. Bluetooth technology does not live on this milestone, the VR EDR rather in 2010. This is a very important bridge for us. And starting from 2010, together with lots of members, we joined a new Bluetooth low energy, which is BLE. So with the participation of BLE, lots of app scenarios would be extended. So for the Bluetooth low energy, the most typical one is point to point application. So we joined BLE. We added BLE in our coursebooks in 2010. Afterwards, lots of smartphone manufacturers also included the BLE in their smartphones, also on their operation platforms. For the designated API, they also support the BLE. So the first wave of BLE application explosion focused on the point to point, for example, sports fitness devices, health and wellness devices, and also peripherals and accessories. They are very typical, very simple scenarios. You can download app on your phone. You can have a wearable device and use the Bluetooth technology on your phone. It can communicate and sync the data with your phone. Another application is location services. From 2013-2014, Apple launched iBeacon and Google iDstone. So for beacon applications are becoming more common. And the network topology is based on broadcast. So you have a broadcast station for the message broadcast and any message relating to broadcast or any devices relating to broadcast, including your smartphone. If you use a Bluetooth, you can receive these beacon messages with your phone. Meanwhile, the mobile OS, including iOS or Android, also supports the identification of beacon. So through notification, it can push information into your phone. So the representative scenarios include point of interest, navigation, wayfinding, item, and asset tracking. Also the locationing. And we will enjoy more possibilities. The right side, also the most important, breaks through for Bluetooth, which is the mesh. For Bluetooth, mesh is a milestone type upgrade, update from point to point, to point to multi-point, and to the current multiple to multiple architecture. Now we have mesh architecture. And this enables Bluetooth to cover wider range. And this coverage can reach more scenarios, including industrial monitoring, control, and automation. And these scenarios will enjoy more possibilities. Next, I will focus on Bluetooth mesh. In July 2017, we launched Bluetooth mesh. And this is a profile, not our core specs, but the app profile. And we will launch this profile, mainly focusing on some application scenarios, and also why we launched this mesh with our membership partners. The main application scenario is that we want to scale the network topology structure. Before mesh, we have two Bluetooth devices. If these two devices are covered within the same communication range, they can connect with each other. But when it goes beyond this range, these two will be disconnected. So this disadvantage will limit the coverage of the communication. And this is why we launched Bluetooth mesh. Within the Bluetooth mesh, we also included lots of interlay nodes. When one node sends message to another node, and also these two nodes are not covered within the same wireless network, what we need to do is only to add more router interlay nodes, which will help us to transfer the messages and transmit the messages. And this can reach multi-hub and multi-path the information spread. So what characteristics do this Bluetooth mesh have? The first is among the nodes, they don't have a router concept. So for the Bluetooth mesh, if we pass the message to another node, as you can see here, this is a switch. So the switch needs to transmit information to the Bob. And this is the broadcast. They surround the nodes, receive information, and then to have another round of broadcasting till it reaches the destination node. And this marks the end of the information transmission. The single-point failure has limited influence for network because we can go through this kind of path to reach the Bob. Otherwise, we can go through this path to reach the Bob. Or alternatively, this path is also OK. So multiple paths are sparse to choose. When one node suffers errors, this would not have a significant impact on our network. The second influence, very important, or the second feature. This is the flooding mechanism. We use the broadcasting channel to transmit information. Also, we will authenticate the conditions. If these are qualified, then we will forward messages. By using this mechanism, the robustness of our system will be augmented. The third important feature is its security. For Bluetooth technology, this is very pretty like the wireless technology. In order to safeguard this network, we need to guarantee its security to very most important attack models. One is the spy or espionage mechanism. So it can attack or hack the information of our network. This will invade into our network. So this is the first attack model that Bluetooth technology needs to prevent against. The second is intermediate. If we have two devices and when they have communication with each other, and meanwhile, we have a device C. So device C can go through the intermediate mechanism, and for device A, it could tell light that this is device B, not device A, and vice versa. So this is a kind of intermediate mechanism. We can take this means to change the information. To temper the information. And this will have significant influence on our network. So we have the advantages for the low-energy Bluetooth. And now for the attacks from the intermediate, we use this OOB mechanism to prevent against the out-of-band. In this way, we can protect our network from being attacked. And for Bluetooth mesh, we also use AES, one to eight CCM, and for the encryption and the calculation. And for the mesh, we also have the ecliptic mechanism. So we have public and private keys. And for the attacks of the spice, this works very well. Also, we also use the two layer keys. One is on the network layer, another is on the application layer. So the keys on both layers are partitioned. Also the data are partitioned, not connected. So although we use the same layer of network, we can run different data. Within the mesh, we also have device, blacklist. When we use the mesh, very important application scenario is Markov. So you can imagine this. For example, for smart home, if you buy a bulb with Bluetooth mesh from the supermarket and you involve it into your home Bluetooth mesh network, it will have a service life up to three, five, seven, eight years. But one day, ultimately, it will come to the end of its life and it may go broken and stop working. But you could not inform the user of that. They would stop working, sadly, but still, a bulb like this would contain some key message, key information of the Bluetooth mesh network at home. And if you just remove the bulb and throw it away randomly, then maybe the bulb would already include the network and application layer secret key information. And if some people get this bulb and they would access the information inside, it is possible for them to attack our home network. So Bluetooth mesh has already considered this and it has a blacklist here. So for these features, we could build up this blacklist mechanism and try to upgrade and update the secret key for the trusted devices in the network. They could be updated with a new secret key. And this upgraded secret key will not update the secret key in the blacklist. So secret key updating would help us remove the untrusted devices out of the network. And we also have publish and subscribe from Bluetooth mesh, which is very flexible. In the network, we have different group dresses. And we also have the service to subscribe the different group dresses. And we also have the client and we could publish the group address information and through publish and subscribe, our service and clients could flexibly combine and on the application layer, we could flexibly adjust the publisher and subscriber as well to make the whole application more flexible as well. And we also have a very important mechanism, the friendship one, the friendship mechanism. We talked about the low power consumption Bluetooth but with Bluetooth mesh, we require the node to be up to the 100% receptor on time because it is based on the flooding mechanism. And this mechanism enables, makes the Bluetooth mesh devices have a very high power consumption. And also the sensors at home, which are powered on battery, they need to be of low power. So in Bluetooth mesh, we can here have the front node for the bulb and for the sensor, it is a low power node. And it requires to be powered by the battery and in the Bluetooth mesh, the front node, when it is not sending any data, the receptor with radio, sender and receptor, the receiver could be off, which could largely reduce the, because the sender and receiver, there might be some response problem, for example, if the node needs to be communicating with the sensor and the receiver and senders off, the information might be lost. So we have a front node in the Bluetooth mesh. So for the low power node in the network, it could have a front node, which is like an agent for any network. And we also have some other nodes, which would send data to the sensor and the data would temporarily be stored at the front node. And then the low power node will cyclically wake in the low power node The low power node will inquire the front node whether there is relevant information to the low power node and then it could obtain the information frame by frame. So this front node is meant to address the application of low power node. So for the Bluetooth mesh, when you want to design your product and you have some demand for low power, the Bluetooth mesh could help you. And it really works well. And then let's look at the message and state while for the Bluetooth mesh, the receive and send information through a message, magnet them, and in the message we would add some states, for example on and off. These are all the states here. So in the Bluetooth mesh, we could send your message and state to have some information interaction between nodes. And then let's look at some potential application use cases of Bluetooth mesh. The first is about the smart building. If we upgrade the lighting system into a Bluetooth mesh lighting system, for example in a meeting venue like this, if we upgrade the lighting system into a Bluetooth mesh one, then naturally we would have the Bluetooth mesh network architecture. And then the air conditioner system, the station occupancy, and some sensors including our curtains, and all of these systems could be based on the Bluetooth mesh architecture and realize the smart control and smart monitoring for our smart building system. And another use case would be in the new retail system. Some online retailer retailing giants are expanding to offline. So when we install the Bluetooth mesh lighting system into the supermarkets, then through the Bluetooth mesh lighting, we can have the beacon and the price labels and the sensors as well as the shopping carts, all of these could be realized through the Bluetooth mesh system. And a third use case here would be about the indoor positioning and directional. For example, in some modern urban complexes like in the airport and the subway stations, if we deploy the Bluetooth mesh lighting system, then beacon, indoor navigation, indoor positioning, and also the asset tracking could all be engaged into the system through Bluetooth mesh. And then let's look at the combination of Bluetooth mesh and Zephyr since July 2017, when Bluetooth mesh was initiated, Zephyr as a sub-project under the foundation, since September 2017, we started to support version one of Bluetooth mesh, starting from 1.9.0 and since 1.10.0 in Zephyr, it already starts to support Bluetooth mesh friendship and most foundation client models. In the 1.12.0 version of Zephyr, we added persistent storage support and this storage support enables the application of Bluetooth mesh on Zephyr to be more commercial and it could help storing some key message into Flash or EP room. And then the Bluetooth mesh application based on Zephyr could be more sophisticated as a product. And in version 1.13.0, Zephyr added more sample codes into Bluetooth mesh. We have my lighting model, generic on-off model, these applications and this year in April or May, Zephyr also launched the 1.14.0, the long-term support, LTF, which helps debugs on the Bluetooth on Zephyr. Overall speaking, it could have very timely support to the Bluetooth mesh in Zephyr and for the Bluetooth mesh networking, we also develop some toolkits based on Zephyr for Bluetooth mesh networking, which is based on Zephyr, which is coated in Zephyr B and through this version, we can build a small Bluetooth mesh network and this sample code, you can see its study guide has adopted provisioning, it skip the provisioning process and in the micro-bit, it is already on-premise provisioning and it could start working directly. And the next follow-up was in May at Shenzhen on the Bluetooth conversion, we had a developer session, which was also a development based on Zephyr and that was also based on micro-bit with provisioning added and on site, we used Android and iOS to have a provisioning of the micro-bit and you could click on the link to see the source code and relevant tutorials to get to know more about Bluetooth mesh and the third link is about all Bluetooth security sources. If as a developer you are interested, you could click on this link if you are interested to learn more and we also have some online ticket system so that you can contact the Bluetooth SEG. Now we have five minutes left. Now it's for QA and discussion time if you have any questions. I have three questions. The first one is now you have node-node connection with Bluetooth but with Bluetooth mesh, is it for multi-node connection? Yes, it is a multi-hopping network but it is not necessarily for connection because it is through propagation or broadcasting. It is not on a connection mechanism. For example, if at node it has a stator and for broadcasting it can send the data to other nodes and other nodes receive it and if it is qualified for further broadcasting it will be sent again. It is a little bit like the UDP mechanism we have. Yes, similar. And my second question. Now for the Bluetooth device. If you want to maintain connection and if you make it on the receivers it would consume massive power and the power consumption is related to it's translating power. If it is the further, the more power consumption and with the mesh system how would you resolve the power consumption issue while it would have multiple types of nodes as I said the lighting model and for the lighting system for the bulbs does not have any specific demanding for the power consumption and the Bluetooth power consumption is neglectable for it. It is like a relay node and we want to make sure the receiver is always on to receive the relevant information and as I said we also have friendship nodes and for low power consumption sensor for applications like this we can adopt the low power node mechanism and our sender and receiver would be off for a long time and when times up they will be awakened to have data communication with the front nodes and if they store temporarily the data I would access it back and process and then send my response to the front node so the front node is like an agent in the network and for the Bluetooth mesh in the network for all the nodes they would have different types and based on your actual application scenario you can have the different features set up and the third question is about when can we commercialize the Bluetooth mesh system while they have been put into the business already we have the Bluetooth mesh lighting sensors switches and the smart speakers like Xiaomi speaker and Timo Genie they are like the Bluetooth mesh products and we also have the BlueMatch 2 products of other categories and in the ecosystem now we also have an app like in Google Play and on IOS App Store you have both the BlueMatch 2 apps for the users we have one minute left one more question maybe I would like to know how would you compare BlueMatch 2.0 and Zibis? in one minute maybe while I come across this type of question very frequently for ZB technology I don't know it well but for Bluetooth mesh it enjoys some apparent pros as I said compared with smartphones, laptops and smart-lots because it could fit very well to these smart devices all smartphones now support the low-part Bluetooth technology and the mobile systems we support now the IOS, VirtuOS, iPadOS enjoyed Linux Windows or even some lesser known BlackBerry operation systems these mobile systems including ZIFER even they all support Bluetooth technology low-power Bluetooth most of them even support Bluetooth mesh so for the developers and other member companies including the consumers when they choose a technology the availability and connectivity would all be considered by them of course and I think Bluetooth mesh technology would enjoy some advantages thank you now let's come to the end of this session thank you for coming thank you