 Mae hyn dechrau dda'r prifod frozen o dda mor Morys. Mae'r hyn yn owech yn bwysigol i gyflawniaeth hyn sy'n gyfardoedd Wale. Rydym yn gallu ei dŵr wedi gydag mae dda'r Morys unwp. A y gallwn i'r hyn yn ei gŷch i bethiau dechrau. Byddwn i'n meddwl hynny i ddweud o wneud yn cyfnod Rhyw Morys. Mae'r ddweud yn cyd-wyrdd Rydym yn cyfrifiadau mewn bydd yddangod. ychwanegwch ar y cyfgaraeth ymlaen o'r drwyddo, yw Ymloes ymlaen o'r fath ar y fath, ac yw'r cyfnod o'r hynod o'r gymryd ystod. Yna, dyma'r fathau ymlaen yw. Had Ymlaen yw Morwch yn gorffordd beth o'r prifoedd i chi arall y gael yma, byddwn yn ddiddorg iawn i ddiweddol i chi'n gweithfyrddol ac yma'r gweithfyrddol hefyd. Mae'r gweithfyrddol yn ddweud ymlaen o'r byddwn yn ddiddorg iawn. ac mae'n i wneud yn cael ei ddweud dros ymlaen gael ar y parwyr dyma i'r Morysu'r Ymwyr, ac mae'n oes o'r oedd ystod o'r bwrdd yn cerddur i'r gwrth yn ymddiol yn ystod o'r cyffredin. Mae'r bwysig yn ei oed yn ein bwrdd hyn, ac mae'n ddweud yma, ac mae'n eu bod yn lech yn dechrau i gydig i gael y byd y Morysu's Llywodraeth, yn ymddiol, mae'n ei ddweud yn ddod o'r ymddiol i'n gwybio. Felly, rwy'n meddwl at yw, ystod o'r bwrdd ei gwrthfaen yn wych yn unig, ysgwrdd gyda morch yn byw. Ysgwrdd EIS, a'r asyngarth incomingchân byw ring yw, dwi'n meddylu'r baith o awl yn gwrthfaen ichi gwaith. Yr olw yn ysgwrdd gyda'r awl, nid eisiau sydd wedi bwrdd, gallwn yn effaith am rhai unig. Mae fynd i gyrraedd yma, nad yma. Felly, mae'r bobl haeth gwrthfaen. morio gweithio eich ddweud oedd y dyfodol ymylion. Mae'r cyfnod i ddarparu gwybod. Felly fe'r cyfnod yw'r cyfnod yma'r cyd-rhyw pwysig yw? Mae'n meddwl o'ch gael i ddiweddol. Os wnaeth i fyddwch chi yw'r cyd-rhyw i ddillanefodig, dyna'r pob ddod gennym i ddim yn dda i gael eu cyfnodski. Mae'n meddwl i ddillanefodig o wneud yr cyfnod sgwp iawn, ac, yn y cwmhreifft, y cwmhreifft, mae'n gwybod y ffordd. Mae hi'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gwybod yng nghymru, ac mae'n ffordd hynny, yn 1977. A yw eu siŵr 19th, mae'r ddechrau a'r ddiwrdd yng Nghymru, mae'r grwp hwnnw, o'r gwybod, o'r gwybod yng Nghymru, o'r lluniau o'r rai gilyddion, ac mae'r dynnu ffwrdd yng nghymru, i amgylchedd y ddechrau, i amser, ar y cyfle ar gyfer eich cyfle yma, sy'n mynd i ato'r rhysgrwm, bydd y ddechrau yng Nghymru i'ch gwrs honno. Mae'r ddweudfodd wedi'i gweithio fel ystod o'r Rhysgrwm, sy'n ardindig i'r llif yn ddweudio'r llif, bydd ydych chi'n ddweudio'r rhysgrwm yn ddau'r rhysgrwm. A mae'n ffordd â'r cyfeiliadau. Mae'n gweithio ddweud'r llwy, mae'n bwysigadau yma, a'r llefyn yn ei ddweud gan gweithio ddechrau a'r llefyn. Mae'r ddweud eich bod yn ysgrifennu, yna wedi'i ddechrau, ac mae'r ysgrifennu'n gwneud yma'n gwneud yma. Mae'n ddweud i sicrhau, yn ymgynghwyl, yn y cyfnod i'r 19th cedlau. Mae'r ddweud yn gweithio'r gyfer y gwaith yn yr un o'r llwy. That's it today, not one single stone of that end up there. It's a completely hypothetical and intensive form, based on their historical precedent, complete absurdity. Now that's a fairly extreme example, but certainly in England between 1840 and 1870 over 7,000 many churches were, unquote, installable, sometimes very sensitive and cursive, but in many cases with drastically building old circles. Many of the churches in the north were looking at through the eyes of a 19th century restaurant rather than how they would have been originally. Now, practice. William Morris in particular, his friend and colleague, when Philip Wade would design the Rithas for William Morris, decided that it was time to set out the protest movements that put forward alternative view. Mae'r morhwyd yn ychwanegwyd wedi'i gweithio, i'ch gweithio, ond mae'n gwneud y bodai yn ei angen am y boded yn ei gweithio, ond mae'n aelod y mynd i'n gweithio, a yn ymgyrch yn 54 mae'r Morhwyd yn ei angen i'ch cyfweld, a'u bod yn ei gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Felly y gallwn y dyma, y SPAB wedyn yn ysgrifennu'r bod yn ffordd y bod yn ysgrifennu'r afael rhai yma, ac mae'r ffordd ydw i'r ysgrifennu. Felly efo'r bwysig, mae'r bwysig yn ddod i'r holl, a'r holl mae'r holl yn ddod i'r holl sy'n ddod i'r holl yma, mae'r holl yn ddod i'r holl yn ddod i'r holl yn ddod i'r holl yn ddod i'r holl. Ac mae'r ffordd yn ei ddweud, mae'r gwaholthau'r sgwrdd yma, ond dwi'n meddwl i'n gwybod i'r sgwrdd yma i'r cyfnodau. Rwy'n gweithio'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio, a byddwn i'n gwybod i'r gweithio'r ddechrau. Mae'r ddweud er mwynhau'r llyfr oherwydd. Efallai, mae'n gwybodaeth o'r ddweud yma ym mwyntwyr cweithwyr ymddechrau, ymgyrch, Mae'r ystyparau ystodol, mae'r ystyparau sydd mewn gyda bwysigau eich hun bywydol, lle mae'r rhan o'r traffodiadau er whifth eich hun i. Morwalkau mynd i ddiwethaf. Mae'r rhawb dda. Mae'r rhawb dda maen nhw'n ffafod. Ffafod a newid o'ch siwr mwynhau a brif meddwl. Mae'r unrhyw o'r rhoi gwirdd. yn mynd i'r dyn ni'n dweud'r arfer o'r ddaf yn ei bod yn ychydig ymddangos gan y gallwn yr un. Rydw i ddim yn cydweithio'r ddaf yn y ddweud, gan ydych chi'n edrych yn fawr o'r ffawr. Dwi'n ddigon i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud. Ond oedd y ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud, ond y ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud. Y cethuno y gallwch eich bod yn gweithio fod o'r busau ffordd a gweithio gwybod yn ymddangos unrhyw. Rwy'n adeg, yr ystafell bod yng Nghymru yn ddull â'r fan wych. Mae'r ddaeth ym mhwylwch yn fawr. Mae'r ddweud y ddull a'i ffordd a'r ddweud yn dda. Mae'r ddweud ydyn nhw ymolwch wedi'u allan o'r ffordd. mae'r ffordd embrace o'r cyd-dweithiau neu'r llwe ferchafol, mae'r bydd cyd-dweithiau a'r teimlo bwysigol, mae'r cyd-dweithicaith cyndesydd a'r draffau syniadau o ran y rhaith i'r cyfrifau rhaeg i ddechrau'r hynny. Mae'r dŵl yn gmarfod o'r rhain, a wnaeth yn ei bod ar hyn i ymddindig i fandsigol o'r gy��릴게요, oedd, ymdun i'r dda wedi'u dŵr fighting, Felly, mae'n bwyd byw i'r ymddangos cyd-gryffwyr, y ffyrdd cyd-gryffwyr, dyn nhw'n fwy ffyrdd cyd-gryffwyr o ffyrdd cyd-gryffwyr. Felly, mae'r ffyrdd cyd-gryffwyr yn ymddangos cyd-gryffwyr, mae'n fwy ffyrdd cyd-gryffwyr. Yn ymddangos, mae wedi'n gwybod, mae'r ffrifwyr wedi'n gwybod, eich amser, ddau'r cyd-gryffwyr, sy'n ddifrwyr o aelodau cyd-gryffwyr. But it's the idea that the people as a whole have a right to get involved and when the society was set up it was open to anybody who would agree with the principles of manifesto. If however there were no meaningful artist with there was no Bismill than tests he'd just simply said they would agree with the principles. Another thing that made a complete difference to the SBAB was William Morris himself. Again, very difficult, not underestimated the importance of Morris, and the reason it's important was he was unbelievably aggressive, confrontational, outspoken, whereas the society managers have quite often come to mind in the past. He was very, very outspoken, and, more to the point, he used the press ruthlessly. Of course, in those days, there were no rules. They wanted to do whatever they liked to their building. So, how did he pick my message out there? How did he convert the public to a more conservative approach? And do it, as I say, by being somebody oppressed and loved to deal with the times of the muscle's publishings, let us, and it was Morris' willingness to be so oppressive, outspoken, that made the SBA be so different from, as I say, existing bodies such as the Antiquits. Now, I'm going to just show you a few examples of some of the sorts of things that the society got involved with. Now, one of its various cases was actually candidate cathedral. The deal was proposing to remove the 17th century castles, which, at that stage, was thought to be by Billy Gibbons. I think the experts now disagree with that, but it was important for 17th century castles, because behind them was the fragmentary remains of a screen dating from what was called Prime Minister's Chapel. And Morris argued very strongly that to remove jelly in the 5th, 17th century would work, simply to recreate largely hypothetical castles. This was actually by Diolch Scott, who Morris was very rude about. Sometimes that's the final thought, but not. And the interesting thing about Scott was that actually what he wrote about conservation was often very, very conservative. What actually happened was something that was quite the same. Anyway, Morris wrote twice to the Times, just one extract. He said that the category will be confused and fortified by the usual mass of ecclesiastical trumpery and coarse drawing. I think our ancient monuments are national property. They're all that we left to the mercy of the many very birdies of ecclesiastical propriety that made it any time prevalent. Now, what's interesting about that is this idea of national property. In fact, as we'll hear a little later, a man who was a John Lubbock had already been trying to get some kind of legislation through Parliament, and it actually succeeded. One of the things that's known about the SPAB is the fact that Morris has said we are only trust students for those that come after us. Now, that seems to be a whole new uncontroversial statement, and the kind of thing that otherwise all environmental legislation and our thought involved the legal world, certainly in the worst state that it is now and preferably in a better one. My great-great-grandchildren from the Visit Western Australia will find it's been good order. Now, in fact, oddly enough, Morris only made the statement of an SPAB AGM many, many years later. But the important thing is it was very revolutionary at the time because what it was saying is private property may well be something we have to think about in a slightly different way. Maybe we ought to be certain that actually people don't have the right to do whatever they like to their historical... So, as I say, it's something to us that is now so much part and parcel of what seems to come under the obvious. It was a very revolutionary statement at the time. Very early on, I had to decide whether or not to fight for the brain churches in the city. On the whole, it said that he was a terrible chemo, but there was pressure amongst others from Thomas Carlyle who said that he would join the SPAB if he took up the case of the churches. Incidentally, I should have said the only committee in the SPAB consisted very largely of Morris's pre-ratholite friends, like, you know, Burgers and Montelwell. And then later on, brought on board a lot of young arts and crafts architects who, in a sense, extended the work beyond that. But, as I say, city churches were already being demolished in the 1870s, so it could have come down and some dynamist backed church by Redmond's being demolished as the protest actually started. And there was a scheme for forward, in particular, that were after demolition. And again, it was to the times, saying, surely an occupancy can afford some small sacrifice to spare these beautiful buildings. And so modern patterns, which is this one here, is failing today as a result. And then a year later, the SPAB managed to get a clause into the role-based bill to protect, to marry a hill which was threatened by the tomb. And it was slightly resided in order to protect the church. Now, in the early days, a very high proportion of the cases reported in the churches. And this is, I'm showing this simply because it's very technical, but nothing special about that. And in fact, this is Morris's pre-rath letter here. And it was simply because some changes were due in May at St Mary's evening. And again, I might read very briefly what Morris wrote. This assignment considers any respiration undertaken with objects obliterating several hundred years of history of a building made it appear that a brand-new 12th or 13th century church erected in the 19th century must have experienced a nature of purpose, entirely destroys ancient and interesting character. Furthermore, it's impossible to destroy ancient groups in places where modern ones make the imitation of some bygone style. To remove ancient traces from windows and replace it with that which is new. To scrape down and rework ancient carvings. To replace ancient walls to sweep away the whole of the internal furniture of the church and replace it with modern, but that would be the good of all historical art value. And if you go on to say, it's an 11th of a bigger. And in a way that would be worried, your church is no worse than many others. One of the earliest things that the society decided to do was to try to create a record of underscored churches. And they went out of this sort of reformer and within the first year or two they'd actually got records of over 750. Well oddly, we do have a few done by Morris himself, but very much later and this is Morris' moment of writing here. But this is actually quite near the town of Scott and probably not really. There is talk of W Butterfield being after one of these churches, several, and it's supposed to be true. Well, W Butterfield was definitely in Morris's panoclyw of the story in Arkstead, so he was not alone. In fact that didn't happen. But actually it didn't happen. It was in place 84 kilometres. I say mostly the sermon that you've done in 1878. Now, this is a lecture itself, so I won't go into great detail. But in 1878-1989, the SPF got word of proposal to, as they believe, rebuild the entire west front of St Mark's in Venice. Certainly the south side had been rebuilt and there were some evidence to suggest that that work was going to continue. I'm a Italian architect working at it, decided to get together a national protest and he went around the country holding meetings, writing to the paper and got together in a memorial signed by about 2,000 people, including Gladstone, the Israeli, people like George Elliott at Browning, many building architects, including, actually, Daryr, stripped his own people master, Morris Woodroot, but it was all the great and good that came to sign this protest. The drawback was that first of all, I think it seems pretty clear from a recent research that Ruskin himself, working with a man of councilorcy, had already dissuaded the Italian authorities to go ahead with this work. On the other hand, George Streetburn visited being stripped of it. He said, even if it seemed clear to others, they had a command to go ahead with it. But, by the time they got this great memorial together, it was pretty clear the work was not going to go ahead and it was not helped by two things. One, that the SBA had sent it to the wrong ministry to start with, so it didn't get to the right people. More to the point, it was sent with a typically Morris aggressive letter and this absolutely appalled the Italians. They were furious. The Italian press, you know, got a bit hot for Christmas and the Britain and the British intervention. And even in the UK, there were jokes about it. There were a number of cartoons in practice that were published. There was Morris Starter and some marks. You probably might like it out, but actually that is Rust in there. That's Morris there. That's Dizleigh there. I don't know if it's something that people are. Oh, Street himself was there. It became a ritual of mighty internationalism at the moment. But whatever the rights are onto it, it did mean that actually some marks was more or less okay. Though the work did continue, but because it had such a hostile reception, Morris decided that any future protest should not come from the SPAB, because its name was merged with it. But an international committee was set up to, again, comment. So people were to gain a number of others joining this committee. They were to all intents and purpose. It was still an SPAB committee, but it was using a different writing programme. But essentially the great battle over two marks was more or less over, but it severely influenced Morris' involvement in local Italian cases. Now, the SPAB had never really intended to do cases at all, but very early on Morris realised that actually there were things that worried him and other committee members, and this is just a list of so many, many cases that the society got involved with during this time as secretary to his death in 1996. Some of which he was thinking was right up until nearly the end. He was writing about the Royal Cathedral, very nearly the end. But the main thing was, if you learn from the very hostile reaction over to Morris, that all his future letters to Italian authorities were very, very tactful. They were usually written very, very diplomatic, saying, more or less, how wonderful you are the way you look after your buildings. There was a bit of a lot, because certainly there were at least a couple of letters in time saying how bad the detections weren't looking after their buildings. But in general, they were much, much more tactful. I think more than I'd show it simply, European buildings, the society got involved. Brooklyn recently catered over authority in Egypt, and one of the things that was happening in it, when I did with Britain, was that the large areas of, as it were, slum clearance were happening, which involved a lot of medieval Arab buildings being expected to work. And definitely Morris was very keen that these should be preserved where possible. Also complained about the fact that it had become a sort of hand-pocked form of art collectors and dealers going and buying up and putting up their atomic tiles and objects of all sorts, which were effectively being looted than any other on the international art market. And in fact, the society became involved in Egypt. It went up for quite a long time. It went up after Morris' death, as it did in India and elsewhere. That's a different lecture. There was also a feeling that actually there'd be no one involved in anything more for about the trend, which of course is not true at all, but it's no doubt it's recruiting and it was at most again from 12 o'clock south, and this is just a round of the time when I've chosen just to show you that it was actually north of the town, north of the road. This is the thing called Kyle Tower Newcastle, 1878, so this is still the first year after the society was founded. This was the remaining tower on the 1860 Walls of Newcastle due to the demolition of that way for a public library. And in October 1778, Morris wrote to both of them on the town council trying to object to it. In December he wrote to the local MP. Meanwhile, there was a strong local camera to try to save it, and yesterday we forwarded to the Lord of the Treasury a 4,000 word signature appeal because the town council approved demolition but to no avail when they had said that that was demolished by the public library, which seems quite a odd thing to do with destroying a project of art for now. In 1879, Morris was in the Iron Man. Again, that's a Morris crawl off left. Yes, there are the archives actually have quite a lot of Morris stuff but of course there are also the drafts because the officials are actually the people who have seen them. Also the way that the archives work they tend to be they are on time by case. So listen and know that Morris had to be involved with the case. You have to know until you have a plan to pick up things. I don't know if there's a Morris letter on the case or whatever. I've found several in the last two or three years which don't appear of course many published lists in Morris letters. This one is this was the release of a civil on the Iron Man and there was a scheme which plans to support it to restore it. Slightly odd because actually the roof had been removed a very short time before so it wasn't a long standing room. Anyway, Morris met the Governor of the Iron Man and also the Bishop for a relative family of the scheme but Morris wrote to the magazine saying, the restoration of a room is impossible and yet the temperature restored such a work and the area result in substituting a fritter and dead academic study in the ancient building for the living where mutilated remains a room. Which the magazine required a very long thought from that up but in it he says if no room had been restored it would follow but neither can further decay properly arrested. Now that's relevant because in the early days the opponents of the SPAB of which there certainly were said over it was said there was nothing to think. SPAB building would fall down if you adopted the SPAB approach. I would have loved that scheme but I would have come to a letter here by very good memory of the Charity who one mention of the SPAB in the history of conservation said oh well it was a do nothing policy and it shot that but it was important that the society could actually say this is an idea that we can put into practice and the person who did it was Philip Webb. Philip Webb was the practical man Morris was the proselytizer he was the man who went out to the streets and asked about the Philip Webb was able to say yes this is the way you can repair a building concerning you don't have to take down that public eye you can't actually mend it you don't have to renew all the stone yes you can repair it so it was a dole act where would then get completely forgotten by many people but he was the man that actually gave substance to the society's approach and therefore he did practicality and it was easy to shoot down because there wasn't actually a practical answer Morris was involved with Westerner's Road seeing my colleagues from the fabric commission here today in fact mostly ineffective but he did actually stuff about the Abbey he wrote stuff about the Monument quite a number of letters and things like that he was particularly incensed by Pearson's actually building a great North Tronset Llywodraeth, Llywodraeth, Llywodraeth the North Portrait and just again what his view was of the new carving that there was what will Westerner to think Morris said what will they say the smooth tamed run-down pieces of stone that are like nothing is or could be a nature that are neither useful, beautiful nor suggestive it doesn't seem strange to me that people cannot see how times have changed that they should insist on these lifeless pieces of reproduction so I think it seems also quite a large part of the early work of the committee in 1818 society had been allergic to work on Salisbury by good opportunity street and society prepared to send off one of its usual criticisms and street well done him, actually hit it back because Morris had actually Morris had company had actually visited him and stored a new new salisbury there at the side of the market which apparently didn't want badly and so street was able to reply well you know you put it to yourself in fact immediately after the society was finally Morris had sent out a letter to all potential customers that was to be Morris had company Morris had company would no longer provide new stained glass windows for medieval churches unless they'd already got a Morris had company window I think that brought a lapse after Morris' death but what it did mean was actually that a number of stained glass commissions dropped very dramatically in fact big drops they did actually hurt him a bit now I'd mentioned that the original manifesto had made it clear that there were different buildings at all periods that Morris had certainly was some medieval buildings as I was slightly reluctant to be taken on very churches so this was a slightly odd case this is more of a bridge in Oxford and as with many such cases the society set up a small working group so this is more of a writing here Subcom Matt Bridge Pleasants Henry Morris Peeway and J. H. Middleton J. H. Middleton was a great ally of Morris and often went visiting buildings with him, Professor Middleton had been Heather Fitzwilliam headed up as head of the BNA and I think a little later it was right died of morphine addiction whatever that's done by in these days he was very, very active and so he and Morris often went to places and so this was to protest about the fact that Bridge was due to be widened what was unusual about it was the fact that the building was actually completed in 1782 so in fact 99 years earlier so Morris' term was a relatively modern building and however Morris was preparing to make a big fuss and give a circular order to people and in a very rare case the community outvoted him because they felt that actually the bad publicity was that it would be of no advantage but interestingly in the same year the society also debated whether or not it should fight for the college chapel at Usheron which is in County Durham it was a Catholic second water quality resource college and it was a building by Pugil dating from 1847 society thought it walked to fight for bearing in mind that it was due to be replaced in 1881 but in fact the society decided in the end that it was to quote unquote purely modern now the society though Morris of course really had very little time for parliamentary democracy in the future he had people out for a way he certainly made use of Parliament the society actually had several MPs on its early committee surprising number of very influential people actually on the SPA committee some of them were just names on the writing paper some of them were actually actively involved this was a proposal by Pearson where the law courts which used to be on this side of Westminster Hall were removed and UC revealed the original buttresses and that's the original wall of Westminster Hall and Pearson had a scheme for building new some new choice for the court people on there and putting windows in a various things like that well Morris managed to use the MP SPAB MPs to set up a parliamentary select committee to look into this Morris and a number of other SPAB people gave over the supposibating of it 41885 without success in fact so this is now what Pearson has been and you can see it's quite fairly rapidly different not least Pearson, the engine wall with all these windows and I think those are all completely replaced by buttresses longer than the original ones in the case so quite a dramatic change and lastly the question of vegetation which I touched on earlier had begun before and it came to be a wonderful man Mr John Locke who was a real Renaissance man became a little day free and was involved in all sorts of things including providing back holidays and various others like that he was trying to get it built through Parliament to have some kind of control over the parts his many interests has to be said were in archaeological remains and made several attempts to get the legislation through finally finally in 1882 the first ancient monument act was passed but so watered down and it amounted to almost nothing basically it simply allowed the state to take in the guardianship just under 50 identified ancient sites some of which were very archaeological sites some of the things like Sted and Henge if the evidence agreed to it so there was never an impulsion in the cemetery but the important thing was this was the first step towards later legislation that actually had an effect and let me look it was not an active member of the SPAB community there were various occasions when it did get involved and in the sister society the Tower of London was a wonderful failure by the SPAB this is what it used to look like people realised that had this gigantic early 18th century ordinance office and another building nearby there was Morris and the SPAB businesses and had a committee on it with that success basically that was the Morris so it certainly proved the view but all this inner wall here was really built not on a certain line under the L1 and again to a hypothetical form and also they discovered that it was not down to the 12th century wall on the 6th it was unfortunate, a bit minor some of the successors I say very often the very often society was in that community possibly on church matters the church was pretty hostile back not always this was Norwich Cathedral Watergate in 1882 it was a joint campaign by the SPAB this society had degrees in Norwich because the railways used to go straight to the middle of this and again using the society's MPs they were able to speak during the build the private build was going to allow the railway to go through and unfortunately there was a very nice letter from the dean to Morris saying thank you so much for for intervening here now Morris was initially not only the secretary but later on he was part time secretaries and honorary secretaries to some he wrote all the minutes and he did everything he was also the treasurer of the first year or two which he didn't want to be and I thought this would be quite a good moment to explain some of the other things he did one of which was to raise money for society he arranged a series of lectures by some of those involved in the society and Morris' own lecture was later published as on the lesser arts which is now one of the standard Morris writings I thought this might be a good moment just to pause and go back to what Aira Ballans said about what an important part of Morris' life this was because during 1877 in 1896 with a slight gap in the mid 80s when he was very active politically Morris attended 390 meetings of the SPAB general committee 50 of the restoration committee meetings a substantial number of foreign committee meetings also the finance committee a small number of subcommittees so at the very least 500 meetings of the SPAB which was more higher than 28 years so to think of how much time Morris put in when a bloody eastern association gets a mention of the biographies which took up about probably about 5 meetings of the SPAB dealt with over 2,000 cases now Morris was only involved in a limited number but he did visit he did lecture he did write letters he was very very active as I say slightly lesser in the mid 80s but not totally for example this was a wonderful case actually he came across recently and the fire in my head he had been to visit he had written a mildly critical letter to the vicar I had never seen a reply quite like it the man was absolutely unaplectic he was accusing Morris of everything under the sun he was saying to the gentleman all these lies and tell about my church the odd thing about it was I wanted to stand in front of this letter to touch the benefit of this chat it's the only time I've come across a really as I say, a demand a demand seems to cross now this was a sad loss in 1984 Taylor Hill later went on to fund the National Trust but was already corresponding with the SPAB Taylor Hill later went to the SPAB to propose a demolition of a 17th century house in part near Fairfax house was owned by Mr Pettywood who had nine daughters and he said I've got to sell the wheel out of this site because I would provide to my nine daughters Morris set up a small subcommittee and invited local residents to get involved and tried to raise them 10,000 pounds nearly to purchase it but it wasn't appropriate when then suddenly Mr Pettywood said no, I'm going to put a price at the 12,000 so I'm going to be on trade and they thought no, we just can't do 12,000 so that's going to be a sad thing it was lost Small houses in Oxford this was interesting because this was a very early case where Morris argued that small monacular buildings were just as worth thinking about as the much grander and obvious things and that's important because again it was a giant which was still preserved in great monuments but the ordinary simpler buildings just aren't worth bothering about and swept away Morris argued very strongly and luckily I've got to say these small 17th century houses have survived Brunswick Castle this was an example of the SBA these give-aways Gold used it was going to be substantially store it was owned by his daughters Sir Henry Parsonby Queen Victoria's private secretary was an SPAB member society contacted here from the respective principle Queen Victoria to the camera of the list of things that should be done which instead had passed on and the Queen then passed on to her daughter and got back very nicely to say that the son was very not just the need to look after this building properly in fact it was probably not a complete restoration that was a late 19th century building that we were looking at this was a wonderful case 100 of York Churches were due to be demolished and society had local correspondence and the local correspondent for York was clergyman who wrote a new command and if he wrote to the SBA saying that there is no way to get which Morris agreed to speak but he suggested a bit of what one would call the modern media management he said well could you get one of your committee members to write to your papers and say that this dangerous socialist is coming into York and watch out for him and then you just get another committee member to write back saying oh no no it's all going to be fine and the idea was to get publicity going and interesting is actually Morris' name is tiny on a poster but in fact he was the main speaker that was the event that was in fact all the other stuff was Richard Groban was actually not very secretary essentially it was an SBA meeting and I'm down to say the result was that those churches were yet English was a local church Morris just simply helped personally look local to Kevin Scott which he helped raise money for and get prepared I'll show you this the first international congress for the protection of money onto works of art the SPB had been circulating its ideas to other countries and translated into manifesto but I think what's interesting is that it put the words of the literature by Ernstryd Spillerson about this congress the congress clearly positioned itself on the side of conservation and restoration this was mainly achieved by presenting the views of the SPB as a leading international principles the SPB's first correspondence out of England, whether that's between the SPB expressing the principles of asking of the SPB in accordance with their sediments the congress resolved that reveration should be limited to consolidation and not restoration so this was a very early case where SPAB ideas were being much and widely accepted than just city within the UK didn't write much of a technical nature he wasn't a technical man something about roof coverings the SPB today publishes all sorts of technical publications I regard this as probably the first of the technical publications about what roof should be like and so on mostly his hatred of gloff sweet actually wasn't much of a thing to do this was an important house where society was involved in various ways and it all went badly wrong in the end and it was much restored but again quite a bit more in 1887 he brought in to the Palmael Corset that saying that essentially instead of the very limited builds a job of the public shows a new looking to carry which in the long ago had a measure part which would have given the nation the right of prevention when one of its precious relics was threatened by a fight of the person but it seemed an spiteful, wielded terror of socialist legislation one of the rights of private property in the Palmael Corset is the right to destroy a portion of what is above all things national property, the history of the nation and the past Peterborough Cathedral again was much involved with right up until 1895 the year before his death when it was proposed by the architect Pearson to take down the Northwest Cable it was actually a campaign that was given himself signed up to arguing that it needed a group of experts to architect it inside of it which is very likely that system we have now will be through the Australian Commission that wasn't just a matter for one person at most of them in this part again a rare example of a private case that Morris took up this was brought by America and Morris was very attacked when he had to say that he was sure that he was going to look after it well etc the letter back on the front was a raspberry and they built a huge extension up to the left of it but actually interestingly that's now being demolished so that survived Morris were a church this was the last Morris of many visits he visited it in 1895 to bring in an SPAB case and he got quite ill on the journey and I think scholars will now agree that was the point at which the deterioration of Morris' health first set in he was due to visit he was a cathedral for the SPAB but later he had to cancel that because he was too ill now just going to a close about the influence the National Trust was set up in 1895 so that the year before Morris' death the year before the prison house had been in the SPAB case for a while this is one of my favourite minutes you can see it signed by Morris and Robert we can't write it the old prison house the bigger a place we can explain into position in terms of a few minutes for a minute but essentially the important thing was that the SPAB was in touch with Octavia Hill and Canterbury both of them had been involved somewhere around the SPAB before and it was agreed that the National Trust would take it on but more to the point the National Trust decided that Octavia Hill was absolutely rustidian at heart and the National Trust resolved that restoration means such work that would be necessary to the preservation building with as little new work as possible now the first act that really came into being that had any kind of degree of teeth was the Ancient Monions Act of 1913 the SPAB had through one of its honorary secretaries a man called William Crawford of Barcarys who was also the National Trust put forward one of three bills that was actually considered that one that finally went through so all three were very similar and got through the reason I showed this was because Tashall Castle had been under threat of American import and was busy shipping with across the Atlantic and that was the point where everybody said there must be something to stop this and so the first law of Canada in 1913 was the one that had some teeth in the second year Paul McCurson would form up Indian Hydro where he was by Troy was an SPAB committee member and then an SPAB proved to meet the archbishop to counter the will to say that the church needed some form of system of specialist advisers which you now see today in the Viruses and Advice Regulations now SPAB today very briefly it's time for running out the SPAB today is one of the things of the National Unity Society which by law must be notified of applications for the demolition of parking buildings and other things like research energy conservation one of the most important things is training from training programmes for a long time perhaps the most significant is the SPAB scholarship my month training programme since 1930 and you'll find SPAB scholars in all sorts of places I shared lessons for Abbey the current survey of the fabric Tommy Dean is an SPAB scholar Justin Robbins who is the main job architect on the new generalist an SPAB scholar and another scholar architect no longer working on the also involved scholars who worked back in the palace tower of London active core etc very very strange the small private society charity funds is the main engine for training people in historic buildings prepare and there's a parallel scheme set up on the William Morris craft fellowship and this is for craftsmen who are really trained teaching for Morris's ideas we're very grateful to William Morris Society and one of the organisations that come to it as I mentioned what I call the National Unity Society by law must be notified and some of these are the children of the SPAB in sort of a day's order these are the magazines the SPAB's magazine the actual monument society in the 1920s mostly as a normal body very confusing in nothing relation monuments it's basically a building a property of a building preservation society Georgian group it's still called the Georgian group not Georgian society because it was the Georgian group of the SPAB it's the subcommittee of the SPAB until it became after the fight to say unsuccessfully much of the filthy the CVA comes of which are Georgian a sort of federal body that contains all the constituent numbers Tory, 787 it was a 1987 until the fight of Tory building and then 20th century society originally started as a first society after the fast manufacturing but now concerns itself with that building quite certainly there is a heritage which was set up really as a kind of ginger group they want germans involved and they are in a way I think much of the cavalry they don't want to do that with cases but they'll go to great lengths so they'll go to call to fight for example the proposed demolition of Smithfield where that's no good where the new museum of man that's there to be they do encourage a list of buildings at the risk in some ways probably some of the SPAB was done just when I was here in the future and in it he talks about the fact that Parliament still exists there's no longer work to Parliament the buildings are still there because some small society in the SPAB had thought it was worth trying to save so the buildings still exist that they were maybe used to storm course done anyway I'm hoping that the future I mean all I should say is that looking back at what's his claim to what Morris did it was not simply the amount of time within the SPAB but the fact that it was pushing forward this philosophy of a pair which you can find in charters of Athens Venice and elsewhere so that way for example today decisions are made about what you get this to build a consent for how we think about buildings they are all underpinned by his ideas those ideas were round I don't think they've ever got code they have without Morris and his other students thank you very much