 My name is Heli Lehtun and for the past couple of years I've worked for a company called Moritutkmus, which is a Finnish commercial archaeology company, which is known for developing and testing new digital recommendation methods and also teaching them to archaeologists, both students and already archaeologists on the field. And for example Moritutkmus was one of the very first companies in Finland to start using Total Station for excavation years ago and now we are one of the very few that uses laser scanner when it's suitable for the site. So these are three excavation sites for the past three years that we have been excavating graves. These are all three sites up from the 19th century. The very first one, the Goliath one, is different from all the two others as these graves were actually inside the Goliath church under the floor when the other two actual cemeteries outside, so there's quite a bit difference there. And you can also see the difference how we documented different sites. And on the second year at Rauma, we used a laser scanner to document the well preserved graves. The ones that were really poorly preserved, we didn't use laser scanner for. And the same thing with surfaces, coffins and finds at all sites were documented with the Total Station and not hand drawing. Hand drawing was used for the actual graves on other sites. And in Turku this year, we used photogrammetry for a few graves, but as we just finished the excavation, I don't have material for that, so I will not be concentrating on photogrammetry this time, but actually for the laser scanning. So here I'm talking a bit about how much time is needed for documenting a grave with these two different methods. But we have to remember that these times are only from our experience this year with the laser scanner. And there are several things that affect how much time is actually needed. And one of them is, for example, with the laser scanner is the amount of reflectors needed for machine learning the scan. We had 20, which is a lot because the minimum requirement for the system is three. So if you use, for example, 10, you would of course diminish the time needed for this type of documentation. And also finding and measuring the reflectors is the most time consuming part of this work. So diminishing that amount would greatly help with the time. And the other one is the accuracy of the scan. We did a whole 360 degree scan of so the whole area with the accuracy of four millimeters for each point, 10 meters from the scanner. So that's very accurate. And in addition to that, we did a more accurate scan of only the graves. But then we noticed afterwards when we process the data that these more accurate scans did not bring that much more extra good information that we didn't already get from the 360 scans. So next time we would be doing this, we would probably skip this more accurate scan to save time again. And with the laser scanner, we usually had something between one to four graves while we are scanning at every one time. And of course, if you draw by hand, you draw that one grave not four at the same time. So that also affects it. And then with any method of documenting you choose doing anything, it's also the person doing the documentation that affects it hugely. For us, this was, we were teaching ourselves how we're doing it. We actually originally this originated at the University of Helsinki, where Muretotkimus actually held a course for archaeologists, for students, for laser scanner, how to use that and documenting. And then we started doing it or learning how to do it on the field afterwards. And so we tried different things while we did, we decided this doesn't work as well as the other one. And so we in the end, we got to the method that we thought works best for us. Next time, of course, now if we go to a field and we have grades that we want to laser scan, we already know how the process works. So we'll be a bit faster. Okay, but then when we get to the processing the material afterwards. And this is a bit different from actually doing, doing the field work, because this is the most time consuming part. And doing the field work is actually pretty simple. Actually, everybody in our team knows how to use laser scanner on the field. It's not that difficult. But then when you process the data afterwards, that takes more skill, it's more software you need to know how to use and all that. So it is not everybody knows how to do it, as easily, at least. And I have not listed every step of the process here, but I have divided into three and there are several steps in each of them that are needed to do. But again, here is the thing that how much time you need also of course depends on what you are actually what you want to do with the data. If the end product that we wanted was auto photos, we basically already have that on the field. And the time needed afterwards wouldn't be that great. But at the moment, the end product that was wanted from us for both years for drawing by hand and the laser scanner is this on the left is a hand drawn part of a map that is from a hand drawn graves. And on the right is a map a part of a map that is originally made with the laser scanner is actually these three graves that are in a 3D mesh volume here are here hand drawn and that is the format we actually have. And ending up from the point cloud to this actually takes much more to take more time than ending up with this. But it always depends what is actually wanted from us that how much time it takes. So did we learn anything from this after all this was originally a university course and all that. The field work part is not any slower with the laser scanner than it is with drawing by hand, especially if you can document several graves or structures or whatever it is you are documented at the same time. But on the other hand, I would not use a laser scanner for 2D, you need the 3D element for whatever you're documenting to there's any point of using a laser scanner. Just a blank surface 2D I would not use personally I would not use a laser scanner but a total station and photos and all that. But for the graves and other whatever 3D structures that is that is a good thing. And then the thing is that the end product with a laser scanning data is versatile it can be many things. It can be a polyline drawing like we had there previously. It can be older photos as measured earlier. It can be something for virtual or augmented reality. There are really just a few these are just a few examples what you can actually do with the data. But then one of the main things that we have talked about by data here before today is that with you can always return to the point cloud. You can attend years from now someone can go back to our point cloud data and then how on earth did she come up with the 3D polyline drawing from this data. You can always go back and make your own interpretations and new assessments of the data especially if you learn something new about something new theories you can go back to the data which is not as easily possible if you have hand drawn everything it's you can't make as many interpretations from that as well. That's what's really good. Thank you very much.