 So, in this communication, which is titled Under the Waves, the Archaeology of the Tsunami that destroyed the feudal port of Roman Ispalis, this modern city of Seville, Spain, we will contextualize first the city of Roman Ispalis in its regional and temporal context, that's it, the southern Iberia and the second century AD. This will be a frame from which explore the archaeological problem of the destruction of the public building identified in the excavation carried out in the Patio de Vanderas. Since its discovery, it has been hypothesized the occurrence of a tsunami as responsible for its destruction. The only evidence less from this process is the photographic sequence, so it is convenient to explore the Archaeology of the Tsunamis. How can they be identified from the sedimentary point of view? With this background, we established a multiproxy approach which resulted in the high-resolution microstatigraphic analysis, and finally, we will explore the archaeological implications of this study. Ispalis was one of the main Roman cities of southern Spain. It was located on the Guadalquivir river mouth. During antiquity, the river terminal system fell into an interior sea called Lacus Ligustinus. During the second century AD, it was composed of tidal channels which allowed large merg chantships to arrive into the city of Ispalis. This city had a grain suburban port composed of public buildings that was uncovered on the excavations of Patio de Vanderas, which is in this point here as part of the suburban fluvial port. This location provided a complete sequence from the 9th century BC to the 13th AD. The most outstanding construction is a building marking red in this cross section here, which corresponds to a public building constructed in the 1st century BC in the time of Caesar. It had two floors and an internal courtyard, all made of opus africano. This building showed a great collapse from the direction of the river. If you see this wall here, it's totally collapsed to the interior part of the building. This destruction layer was sealed by multiple siltial sandy layers, which are great content in broken shells. Also, a chaos of stones and architectural decoration was integrated in this collapse. It is not worthy that the typology of these materials doesn't correspond with the described building. For example, these kinds of columns are not identified in the building we are describing. Also, there's a big graph that is referred to an Isis temple, and this is not an Isis temple. So, necessarily, they must come from an unknown public building that is in the surroundings of this one. The question is, how this collapse occurred? Was it really a tsunami? The southern coast of Spain is a very active seismogenetic area due to the contact of the Eurasian and African plates. There's a very complex fault system that provoked, among others, the tsunami of Lisbon in the modern era. Tsunamis, like that one of Lisbon, are recorded in the sedimentary record of the southern coast of Spain. A tsunami generated by a big earthquake in the seafloor produces several energetic flows. It is like throwing a stone into a pool. However, unlike normal storms, these energetic flows of a tsunami have a considerable wavelength from even 100 kilometers, which means 20 minutes between each one of the many different pulses generated by a tsunami. Also, these pulses have different energies. Four moments can be identified in a tsunami sequence from which the second one is the most energetic one. Ancient tsunamis can be inferred from the presence of thrown boulders into the shore. But the main evidence of an ancient tsunami is the sedimentary record generated during the event. It is composed of finely stratified deposits, in which sandy and silty layers interfere, with exogenous lithological materials, rip-up clasps, and shells. The many different energetic pulses can be distinguished due to the presence of muddy layers generating insaturation conditions between pulses, layers like these ones. A similar finely stratified sequence was identified in Patio de Banderas in the ruin of the public building. To decipher its origin, we studied archaeological sediments combining a wide range of techniques as microstatigraphy through micromorphology, mineralogy with x-ray diffraction, geochemistry with ICP-MS and ICP-OS, and microfossils. As a result, we can describe the sequence from the bottom to the top at a microstatigraphic level. So what's on the top of the pavement, microfaces 1, resulted from bay mats with abundant mollusks of mobilization and sedimentation. As you can see in this picture in which shells are horizontally disposed. Microfaces 2, on the contrary, was deposited relatively fast and traumatically. Its sedimentary components indicate how the impact of the tsunami in the mainland and the Roman city provoked structural damages, because it is mainly composed of adobe, mud bricks and also big charcoal. Finally, microfaces unit 3 corresponds with water saturation, energy flow decrease and definitely a relatively shallower environment of the first chain of the high energy flows. So you can see how this produces a mud lamina due to the flow-culation and the deposition of the fine material that is in suspension of the water. The second chain of energy flows corresponds to the position from relatively large waves in the tsunami wave train. So now we are in the second flow. Relatively coarse grain and thick sand microfaces are sometimes intercalated in the middle stage of a tsunami. Many tsunamis have the largest wave in this middle stage, and you can identify this because there's exogenous coarse mineral material in these layers. That's the situation of these microfaces which corresponds with well-shorted calcara night sand reaching glauconite and sealed coatings with microamination produced to the water because of the water. This mineralogy, this lithology doesn't correspond to the environment of the Roman city that but comes from the south. It is well localized in the basin and is in a very complete area, a different area. Again sealing this deposit we can identify a mud lamina. Falling from the suspension fell out of the coarse silt, clay and plant debris, reflected in very few pseudomorphic voids. It reflects the relatively long stages of stagnant muddy water between the second chains of energy and the successive ones. Porosity indicates trapether and airflow slipping upwards. As you can see in this planar void connected by vesicles, this is trapether escaping upwards. However, it is relatively common in tsunami deposits the vertical repetition of microfaces and sedimentary units because at the end of the day a tsunami is a cyclical depositional event in which several waves are producing an input of sedimentary materials. That explains why we identify the same microfaces we saw below but upwards. For example, this iron poor estuarine marine silt abundant with shells. There is a difference in these microfaces, the shells are not horizontally disposed because of the energy is higher and now we see a vertical and a chaotic disposition of the shells in the microfaces. And also after these microfaces we identify the anthropogenic material rich microfaces with the mud rigs and the charcoals and that is a repetitive sequence. That ends with a poorly sorted sandy silt once the energy decreases and we enter in the third stage of the tsunami and there is an intercalation of silt with mud laminae and some quartz grain microfaces as you can see in these microfaces here. Finally, all this deposit is sealed by a mud cap because at the end of a tsunami there is a guanine stage of energy decrease in which there is water saturation and also there is a backwash of the water and all that produces a thick layer of mud that seals all the sequence and we identify this sealing all the sequence we saw below. Also we can identify clay lubiation in these microfaces and pseudomorphic voids due to the organic matter decay. In all these microfaces we discussed before we can identify several sedimentary components that comes from all these lithological units of the basin sulfur to the context we are studying. So a sedimentary event is depositing all these materials upwards contrary to the direction of the flow of the river. Also we studied the geochemistry and the x-ray diffraction so the mineralogy and all of them they show statistically significant anomalies corresponding with the four stages of the depositional event. In these anomalies we can identify the differences in energy. It is also as you can see here in the biggest stage of the tsunami in which there is more energy the anomalies are higher. It is also significant that during early Middle Ages when there is fluvial and anthropogenic deposits the geochemical pool is stable in comparison with the tsunami event in most of the cases exetuating some anthropogenic inputs of lead and copper as Rowena showed that is very common in these anthropogenic environments. Also through the ICPMS studies we can identify geochemical discrimination of our samples and when comparing the results two different populations appear. When we compare silica with all the components we identified in the geochemical analysis. On one hand we have the tsunami samples and the other we have the non tsunami population which is also significant from the statistical point of view in which we can distinguish perfectly the two populations. This event has also been identified in the basin from a geological study that was published in two articles and it dates from the same period of our study. Also there's a lot of work to do because there's a huge urban environment in the Atlantic coast of Spain. We can say that most of these cities have never been excavated but that once we know from the archaeological point of view show a strong destruction events in this horizon of the end of the second century and the beginnings of the third. For example the Roman theater of Cordoba is destroyed and all the gyrofabric of Cordoba shows scenes of traumatic destructions. The entire city of Bilo-Claudia is destroyed and you can identify how the basilica all the columns fall in the same direction and see the aqueduct of the same city is totally broken. Also in Munigua complete buildings fall down. So is there a large scale earthquake in the Baetica province at the beginnings of the third century AD? Much work needs to be done so thank you very much for your attention.