 The Cavalcade of America, presented by DuPont. This evening the DuPont Cavalcade tells the story of William Penn, and how he came to America in the 17th century and founded Pennsylvania, the colony that contributed much towards the achievement of our independence. This Quaker pioneer greatly influenced the trend of our national thought and the structure of our constitutional government. Always working for the betterment of humanity, Penn's ambitions may be compared to those of the research chemist, who is constantly striving to achieve a similar goal expressed in the DuPont pledge, better things for better living, through chemistry. As an overture, the DuPont Cavalcade Orchestra plays here in your arm from the operetta, Dearest Enemy. The DuPont Cavalcade moves forward. Penn, son of Admiral William Penn and Margaret Jasper Penn, was born at Tower Hill, London, October 14, 1644. Our story opens in the year 1680, when Penn is 36 years old. We find him at the court of King Charles II in the palace at Whitehall, talking with the English monarch and his brother James, Duke of York. Must depend. Yes, Your Majesty? My brother James has given me your petition regarding the debts we owed our friend the Admiral, your late father. I hope Your Majesty finds the petition fair and true. It is painfully accurate, Master Penn. I regret to say that we owe your father's estate some 16,000 pounds. In fact, Charles, more than we can repay him. Much more, James. The expenses of the estate have been very heavy, Your Majesty. I suppose, Master Penn, paying the fines of preaching Quakers is one of the heavy expenses of your estate. They harm no one, Your Majesty. Unfortunately, the members of parliament do not agree with you there. We were seeking Charles's money we owed to the loyalty of Admiral Penn. I need no prompting, James. Master Penn, we have no money. But we do have land in America. I shall make you a grant of land in settlement of our debts. I gladly exchanged my claims for a grant of land in America, Your Majesty. Excellent. And as you will be the only person who is actually paid for such a grant, I want yours to be the largest. I'm curious to know what part you've selected, Charles. Here is the chart. It runs from the west bank of the Delaware River, five degrees to the western limit of Lord Baltimore's Maryland. It will lie between the 40th and 43rd parallels. What say you, Master Penn? Is that province enough? The province is large, Your Majesty. The opportunity is even greater. With your permission, I shall make it a holy experiment. Oh, deal with it as you will. Only collect our customs duties, and for the rest you have complete freedom. Then I shall give complete freedom to all who go there. But I should like to have the naming of it. Your Majesty, I had thought of calling it Sylvania, the forest. I would prefer to name it after one of the best friends I ever had. Your late father. Suppose we call it, in his honor, Penn Sylvania. King Charles II signed William Penn's charter at Westminster, March 4th, 1681. And 37-year-old William Penn thus became proprietor of what was later to be recognized as one of the richest land areas in the world. Penn set about making plans for the settlement, and one day we find him in his lodgings talking with his cousin, William Markham. Cousin Penn, I was overjoyed to hear the news of thy great charter. Thank thee, cousin. Are thou ready to act upon it? He means he wants me to go to the new colony? Yes, at once. I would send thee out as my deputy without delay. Into the wilderness alone? Thou will not be alone. There are some Swedes, Dutch and English, settled at Newcastle and Upton. I would have thee talk with Lord Baltimore about our boundaries. Aye, I understand. And one more bit of advice. Be impartially just and courteous to those now settled in our province. And I would have thee especially careful in thy treatment of the Indians. In what manner should I treat them? Degrave with them in counsel. I hear they like not to be smiled at. I understand. Friend Penn! Friend Penn! Ah, friend Wood, what, how is this old? Ah, great news, friend Penn, wonderful news! Does he know my cousin, William Markham, friend Wood? Indeed, yes. How does he do? Well, I thank thee. And now, what is this wonderful news? A great company has been formed here in London. They make thee a handsome offer of six thousand pounds. For what? A monopoly to trade with the Indians in thy new province. They cannot have it. Six thousand pounds is a good resum. Must they offer more? No one can have a monopoly at any price. Except, of course, thyself, friend Penn. No, not even accepting me. There shall be freedom and equality for all. But cousin Penn, consider six thousand pounds. It will buy much that we need. I will not sell this birthright for any potage. This great province came to me clean. I'll not defy it. I should have known it, cousin. Not a true man. I mean to be fair to everyone, cousin Markham. That is why I bad thee be most tender of offending the Indians. Make friendship and a league with them, if possible. We must live at peace with them and be with us. Yes, no other colony has been able to do that. We shall try as no other has yet tried. We shall treat them as ourselves. We cannot treat wild savages like our fellows. Better than we treat them, my trust. But that's impossible. It must be done. I am set on that. What provision has been made for the government? I'll send that to the later cousin. It will take much thought and care. It is pleased the Lord to give us a great country. I shall be at pains to keep his peace and freedom there. Penn's constitution, finally approved in April 1682, contained several features similar to our own. In general, it advocated the protection of right to the people. This most liberal of all proprietors in colonial America gathered artisans and craftsmen, and on August 30th, 1682, he sailed from Deal, England, on the welcome with a hundred passengers. Penn's first landing in his new province was at Chester. From there, he rose up the Delaware River in a barge with his cousin Markham. Great clouds of white hair and rising to the sky before them, and the sun has darkened by flights of white ducks and swans. There's plenty of game here, cousin Markham. Aye, not only water fowl, but great flocks of wild turkeys and herds of deer and elk. It's a natural paradise. Our children will never want for food whether Lord has provided. Cousin Markham, are the Indians friendly? They seem so. I have told them all he said. They listened in silence, and I think doubtfully. Doubtfully? They cannot decide whether to believe thy words or friend Wood's actions. Is Wood up to some mischief? He uses an interpreter who creates misunderstandings when he bargains with them. I'll treat with the Indians at once and confirm what I promised through thee. They are eager to see thee. Ah, look, John the Cousin. Aye. Where the creek flows into the river. It makes a natural dock. Aye. We call it dock creek. It is a natural port. It's the site of thy new city. Good. We'll name the streets for the trees that grow there. We'll make pine open paths in common. He has a plan for it already? Aye. Let every house be placed in the middle of its plot so that there may be ground on each side for gardens, orchards, or fields. That it may be a green country town which will never be burnt and always wholesome. It should grow into a rich and prosperous metropolis. May it always be a city of brotherly love. Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love, is today built up as it was laid out by William Penn. Dock Creek became Dock Street for many years the center of American finance. Symbolic of Penn's desire for amethy and justice in his dealing with the Indians was a meeting which tradition says was held in the fall of 1682 at Shackamaxon Creek. There, the leaders of the Lenny-Lenny or Delaware Indians and some of the Susquehanas came to meet him, led by their chief family. We find Penn and his commissioners in the Fairman House waiting for the Indian Council to gather. The Indians are now in Council, Cousin Penn. They are outside waiting to welcome thee. Thank thee, Cousin Malcolm. We'll go to them at once. Why not make them come to us? I'm afraid, friend Wood, that this House of Fairman's is not large enough. I'll follow after thee, Cousin. I thank thee. Look, Master Penn, how they sit under my great elm tree. Ah, they're not a fine sight. Yes, Fairman, like all simple things, full of dignity. They outnumber us three to one. I don't trust them. Don't let them see that, my friend. Or they'll not trust thee either. Why do they sit in three crescent rows like that to protect each other? No. In the first row are the old and wise councillors. Behind them is the principal warriors and landowners. And in the last row are the young men who are silent observers. Witnesses for three generations. We must be careful. We must be fair. Who is the noble-looking old man in the center? He is Tamanee, chief of the Delaware. He looks like a crafty old fox to me. He's tall and straight. We must take care these savages don't outdo us in nobility. That is our way of greeting. Ita! The Lord be with thee and me always. Shall we use an interpreter? Not if it can be avoided. I would talk directly with him and have clear understanding. They call thee Ona, which means quill or pen. Ita, Ona. Ita, Tamanee. I come to say we want peace between you and me. We have been your friends and my friends. We have many governors past years. You first governor come talk face to face. We glad. You have been good friends. We love peace. We not like to live in fear, hide and hunger. We want to live like brothers. Tell me how we can live like brothers. Our young men say words we not like sometimes. We know help that. So with you. If you angry with us, we angry with you. First you tell us why then we tell you why. We talk. We make sure trouble not bad enough for war. I agree. In trouble between us, we make counsel for talk. Six Indians, six whites. They will decide what is right. Good. I tell Tasha Macken. He's in us. They have a beautiful language. What are they shouting for? What's wrong? That is their way of voting yes. Tasha Macken say good. Then we shall live as brothers. As long as sun and moon shine in sky, we have broad path to walk. If Indians sleep and Yankees men come, they pass and do no harm to Indians. If Yankees men sleep in pass, Indians pass by and do him no harm. He say he is Yankee. He loves peace. What does he mean? Is he trying to insult us? No, Wood. Can't you see? He means we trust each other. Friend Tammany, we agree. We are brothers as long as sun and moon shine. Let me take your hand on it. Oh, no, Sissy Moss. Who's correct? Who's correct? Who's correct? Who's correct? Who's correct? And now, we have brought presents for thee and thy friends. A pheasant. Unpack the cloth and merchants. Now, Indians make canticles. What's that, pheasant? It's sort of ritual and dance to follow the serious counsel. We sing how we like Quaker. Like Quaker. Indians, brothers with Yankees. Yankees is about as close as they can get to English. By any name, we are their friends. The word, see it in action. I'd believe it if I'm not murdered in my bed. If we live by our word, friend Wood, then we can be sure whether blame lies if the peace is broken. Pheum made 19 separate treaties with a tribal chief in which he purchased land. The Indians kept their record by using belts of wampum, beads, or rare shells. Each belt standing for a clause in the treaty, and the Indian to whom the belt was entrusted was responsible for remembering the words of that clause of the treaty. Pheum returned to England in 1684, and it was 15 years before he was able to return to his beloved colony. In 1699, he brought his wife, Hannah, and his daughter, Leticia. It is early December, and his boat is landing at Dark Creek. Help! Philadelphia. She'll be good to feel the ground under my feet again. Come, my dear. Hannah, Leticia. Why, there are fine houses here. Did I not tell you? Come, Leticia. I hope the houses are warm, Father. I'm cold. You'll soon be before a great open fire. Welcome, Cousin Pan. Welcome home. I'm glad to see thee, Markham. People are glad to see thee back. I thank thee all. Step carefully now, Hannah. There. This is our cousin, Markham. How does he do? How does he do? Now, Leticia. Joke, child. Yes, Father. My daughter, Leticia, cousin Markham. I'm glad I am to welcome thee. Thank thee, sir. Who are those painted men? They're Indians, Leticia. Be not afraid. He has been away too long, Cousin Pan. Things go better when he's here. Is ought to miss with the Indians? No, no trouble so far. I renew my treaty with them. Is my house ready? I fear Hannah is overtired. Thy house with the fine slate roof is ready now. And in early spring, he can go to thy estate at Penbury. Ah, cousin Markham. It is good to know I can rely on thee. And how is friend Wood? I do not see him here to greet me. I wish I had good report to make of Wood. He still worries about the Indians. He has a little daughter, Rebecca, born since you left. He tries to teach her fear of the Indian, but she cannot understand him. Then she has more wisdom than he. If there was but some way to prove to him that the Indians are our friends, that as we treat them so they will treat us, without his constantly stirring up doubt, our understanding with our Red Brothers would be perfect. We must find a way now that I'm home again. Come, Hannah, we'll soon be there. I will. I want you to love the new world as I do. A month after landing, a son was born to Hannah and William Penn. They named him John and called him the American. For he was the only member of the Penn family born in the colony. By now Philadelphia had several hundred houses and a settlement had spread far inland. But George Wood and some of the others still feared the long silence and quiet behavior of the Indians. Penn was determined to renew his treaty with him in the spring. Before the great council was called, Penn is riding one day to the friend's meeting house in Heverford, west of Philadelphia when a horseman comes galloping towards him. Oh, steady boy, steady. Pull up, friend! Oh! Oh! Why, friend Wood? What does he ride so wildly for on first day? My daughter! My little girl, have you seen her? No, I've seen no one since I left Gardeners Ferry. Is anything wrong? She's gone. We were at Charmander's. She was praying outside. When I came out, she was gone. She's been stolen. Who would steal thy child? Indians! They've been camping all around, with strange Indians. First Guarnas, Conestoges, Iroquois. A lot of girls have been taken by them. You have children. You ought to know what it means to have them stolen by Indians. It happened often. Not in Pennsylvania. It has now. I'll not believe thee. I might have known you'd side with these heathen against me. You should give me help. I gave thee help when I made my first treaty with them. Words. I'll give them no words the treacherous fiend. There are many in Philadelphia who feel as I do. I'm writing for them and we'll kill every Redsman. Wait. Be careful what you're about. You're under all the good we've accomplished. I'm deaf to you, Penn. You and your talking has betrayed us all. Hit us, Penn! Penn rides on in solitude with his thoughts. Though he is the proprietor of the colony, it has its own legislature and makes its own laws. Would they turn against his policy and destroy all he has built? He rides deep in thought and doesn't see an Indian softly approaching. It's her. What? Oh. It's her. How does he friend? Oh, boy. Oh. What child is that you're carrying on your back? Waco's girl. Where did you find her? She find us. She lost in wood. Me take girl to Philadelphia. Thanks, eh? Child, do you like to take a ride with me? Yeah. Put her up here before me. I'm a whore. There we are. There. I'll take you to the meeting. You sure no hurt or not good friend to us. I am onus. You or not? Ha! Isimus! Oceleg! You white man, keep his word. Ita! Will Lord be with thee? Ita! Come. Will long. You weren't afraid. Oh, no. He's only a nice ride to the back. But I like horseback better. Ha! What's thy name? Rebecca Wood. Is George Wood thy father? Yes. Does he know him? Better than he knows himself. And if I mistake me not, hither he comes searching for thee. Friend Wood! Oh! Oh! Thy child is here. Rebecca! Yes, Father! Rebecca! Oh, what a fright you gave us. Are you safe? Nice man, give me ride. Tell thy father, Rebecca. Who found thee when they were lost? Nice Indian father. I did not know how to get home. He was bringing me back. He said Indian must take good care of Quaker's girl. Is this true? Aye. Rebecca must teach thee to trust the Indians as we do, Friend Wood. For only in their trust lies the success of our colony. For 75 years, from the founding of the colony till the revolt against the mother country, the people of Pennsylvania lived at peace with the Indians. The colony flourished and prospered. Pennsylvania was more than a colony. It was a great ideal, a holy experiment, dedicated to brotherly love and peace. DuPont is proud to pay its tribute to William Penn, brave and kindly leader in the cavalcade of America. The spirit that marks the patient progress of William Penn is reflected today in the work of research chemists who have contributed so much to better living in recent years. At a preview of an exhibit sponsored by the DuPont Company at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia earlier this evening, Dr. C. M. A. Stein, vice president of the company, emphasized that view in recalling some of the amazing changes wrought by the chemical laboratories. He pointed out the change from the old-time buggy-like automobile once the luxury of the few to the 20 million modern cars America rides in today. The change from the smoky old-fashioned stove to modern thermostatically controlled central heating from former hot, sticky summer quarters to air-conditioned office buildings, railway cars, and apartment houses. These and many other changes that have given us a new standard of living have been brought about largely through scientific research. But Dr. Stein said the real significance of such progress is that research has made it possible for the average family on a limited budget to enjoy comforts unknown even to the wealthy just a few years ago. And with these scientific improvements and reduced prices have come other economic advantages. Chemical research, for example, has opened up new avenues of employment and created new jobs by creating entirely new industry. Chemistry has opened new markets for American farms, mines and forests, and it gives us man-made products which render this country independent of foreign sources of supply for certain vital materials. A good example of how research affects our daily life is the story of chemistry and textiles. For centuries, textile yarns were spun and woven by laborious hand operations. And although advances were made as machinery was improved textiles were still unsatisfactory in many cases. In fact, vegetable dyes used at that time faded. Fabrics were difficult to keep clean and often didn't wear well. Today the chemist provides a brilliant rainbow of really fast dyes made from coal tar. Chemical bleaching agents achieve fabrics of snowy whiteness. Recently developed dry cleaning agents do a better job that costs you less. And various processes perfected through chemical research render cloth, water resistant, fire retardant or resistant to creasing without changing the feel of the fabric. That's just one page from the story of chemistry's contributions to the textile industry. And it's the same story in many other fields of human activity. Speaking of what the future holds in store, Dr. Stein said that only a crystal gazer would attempt to prophesy. But that new products and improvements in many now existing will surely come out of the chemical laboratory. For the record of research chemistry is progress. Progress that has provided and will continue to provide better things for better living through chemistry. Next week you're invited to tune in again when you will hear our dramatization of the story of Elmer Ambrose Sperry. Last of the old time inventors, same time and same stations when the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware again presents the Cavalcade of America. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.