 Well, thank you very much Stéphaneau and thank you to Interpol for convening this meeting. It's a great honor for me and it's actually good to be back. It was, I think it was in 2007 at the time of your third expert meeting in Ottawa that I remember coming directly from the opening of the Charles Taylor case in the Hague to Ottawa to address that group. And as you all know, though I left to join the Obama administration after concluding the prosecution case of Charles Taylor and my successor and team leader Brenda Hollis took over, we saw the conviction of Charles Taylor on all 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity this April and a sentence of 50 years in prison handed down by the judges in May now subject to an appeal that will be argued next month and resolved by next September. This case is one of many that at the international level have sent a very strong signal to all the world and that is that no matter how great the individual, no matter how prominent their position, even chiefs of state can be held to account and that signal sent in that case followed earlier signals sent by the ICTR where the former Prime Minister Rwanda was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. The cases at the ICTY were former President Milosevic of Yugoslavia was brought to trial where individuals like Mr. Mladic and Karajic are presently on trial. In my current job I travel the world, somebody asked me what it means to be an ambassador at large, they've heard of fugitives at large and I said well it's a little the same, you know you're sort of on the run because of the law but the particular cause that I champion is the effort to bring accountability for these crimes across the globe to weave together a fabric that will assure that those that commit these crimes, those who do the crime may indeed as we say in America have to do the time and that does involve last year I think I was on the road 224 days this year and well on the current trip this is day 11 of 26 and I'll be leaving tomorrow for East Asia and continuing on to several countries before I return to the United States in early December but it's part of the reason that I travel so many places is that everywhere I go I run into people who say we need help in establishing justice here, we had crimes sometimes in our past, sometimes in our recent past and you know where is the possibility of justice in our country and it's a demand that's out there I think an expectation on the part of victims that I think it's critical for all of us to work to fill so that we can achieve this dream that these crimes, these very serious crimes committed often in the course of armed conflict often by very powerful individuals often by people who think that impunity is their right that these crimes will be brought to justice and that the fugitives that accuse themselves if they're guilty will be punished. This afternoon I'll participate in a panel to talk about fugitives and I really want to salute the great work that Interpol and Stefano Carvelli has done on the fugitive efforts. I know I've been involved recently with him and our ICTR colleagues on some crucial cases and I really appreciate the way in which Interpol has become so active and so effective in drawing together law enforcement across this world and making possible the success in bringing these fugitives to justice. As my good friend Serge Brammer has noted earlier they've been lucky as he said but it's more than luck in bringing every single one of their fugitives to justice. They charged 161 people and there's nobody out there that remains at large. We still have the challenge that the ICTR of nine fugitives, six of them are cases to be transferred to Rwanda, three of them are to be cases if those individuals are arrested that will still be tried in Arusha at the International level and as Michelle spoke of their 27 accused individuals they have at least a dozen individuals that are out there that are fugitives from the law. We cannot allow the perception to be there that people can commit these crimes and get away with it that they can travel to various countries or various capitals and not face the certitude of arrest. But I'll talk about that to a greater extent this afternoon and these are in regard to international cases but what I want to talk about this morning briefly and others have already heralded it to Serge did that increasingly at the future we are going to be turning from the international level to the national level. We've already had I know historically I see friends here from Argentina who began the work of prosecuting these cases even before it were done at the international level but whether it's Bosnia or Serbia or the DRC we see the importance of the national prosecution services and investigators in bringing these cases to justice and the importance of sharing information, the importance of helping build each other's capacity at the territorial level is very real but I also want to emphasize the importance of non-territorial cases because I know when I was at the senior trial attorney and chief of prosecutions at the Rwanda Tribunal one of the things that we worked on a great deal was trying to share our information with national authorities of course with Rwanda the territorial country but also there were several hundred at least I know the Rwandans have identified about 300 key suspects that have gone off largely to the developed world that that are still being sought and we've seen incredible work beginning in Switzerland in 99 in their military justice system and going on to Belgium and I just hate to go through the list of countries because I might miss one it's now I think almost up to a dozen countries that are prosecuting these cases at the national level and certainly as I try to put myself in the mind of one of these war criminals or leaders certainly in the past they had a perception that they were going to get away with it that it was it was either going to be heads they win and they kept power and they kept their wealth by reason of committing these atrocities or if it came up tales they would go off to a safe and comfortable exile somewhere well that's not possible anymore now they're looking at the possibility that when they go to a country where they may already have a family and gone to school or cousins or others that are there and they're thinking they're going to be safe there that's no longer the case and that that perception that that there will be no safe haven I think is critical to what we want to create which is this idea that that you really can't can't get away with the with these crimes and I would note that these non-territorial cases are not just in in the north recently last month in Senegal working with our new minister of justice on the prosecution of a former Chad Indictator Hissen-Habre who finally now I think we can say with certainty will be tried in Senegal a budget has been raised of around 8 million euros and teams are being created the an agreement has been signed with the African Union to establish the extraordinary African chambers in the courts of Senegal to try Habre to appoint two international judges at the trial level and two at the international level to overcome problems with the retroactivity of the of the Senegalese statute and other immunities that that Habre may have and and they're proceeding with this case all of this is as I say part of a building this fabric we know in our national systems those of us that are fortunate enough to have effective systems of law enforcement and and of justice then when it comes to ordinary crimes then the prospect of having our house broken into or or being attacked and robbed or even killed on the streets the other ways in which we face dangers in our community that that risk is always there and in the nature of humankind but we know that effective investigation and law enforcement and response and and justice that convicts the guilty and doesn't let the innocent suffer that that is so important to making our lives safe and secure and making it possible for us to raise families and build businesses and hope for the future