 Next on our agenda and the last topic of IDM for this autumn is debate, one of the debate that actually gives us the road to COP 27, great recognition of the reality of human mobility in climate change negotiations, including the consequences of food insecurity. I have a pleasure to introduce our moderator, Ambassador Caroline Dumas, Director General of Special Envoy for Migration and Climate Action of IOM, Madame Florez-Yours. Thank you. Excellencies, colleagues, good afternoon, dear panelists, if I can say good afternoon. Just a few words to say and to introduce to this panel, to say just a few things. This panel is timely. It is timely for COP. We are just now small two weeks ahead of COP 27 and it is important to talk about what are the subjects which are the core subjects for us, I mean ahead of COP. We already, as you know, second thing, we already have a framework with the Paris agreement for integrating migration concerns in a climate change treaty. We had the Paris agreement from COP 21 adopted so in 2015, but we also have the VASO international mechanism for loss and damage and that task force, the specific task force for displacement, which was so a result from the whole process and which is developing recommendations for integrated approaches to avert, minimize, address displacement related to the adverse impacts of climate change. So I could add as well that in the last year we could say that we are pleased, in IOM at least, to see a kind of growing recognition of the importance of human mobility in the context of climate change and a better, a higher or stronger mobilization to provide innovative, sustainable people-centered solutions. But as you know, we do have to scale up our efforts still to do more. The IPCC working to group, I mean report which was issued by February helps us in a certain sense because it is the first time that group of experts linked really climate change impacts to the human being. I mean there is an approach which is a human lens, if I can say, to scientific data for the first time in the IPCC report. And of course, I mean the conclusions of the IPCC report are extremely worrying for the planet, but as well for human beings, including in terms of force displacement that we have to expect. So this panel will now help us maybe give even more visibility to this nexus between climate change and human mobility. I hope that this panel can help us create a common understanding on our needs but as well our goals ahead of COP 27 and that this panel will help us maybe to be better prepared for the COP discussions. So I would like to introduce our distinguished panelists today. We will have, well we have presently, if I can say, the State Minister of Environment from the Government of Uganda, Honourable Minister Beatrice Aniwar, who is a key player in Africa and more specifically in East Africa and she will tell you, if ever you do not know the Kampala Declaration, she will tell you why and she will tell you more. We do have online the representatives, if I can say, of the Secretary General, Ambassador Rabab Fatima, who is the Undersecretary High Representative for LDCs, for seeds and for line locked countries. We do have Ambassador Luigi Soreca, who is the Special Envoy of the External Action Service from the European Union for Migration. We will as well listen to Mrs. Pefi Kingi, who is the Pacific Regional Focal Point for Migration for the South Pacific Islander Organization and last but not least, of course, we do have as well online Coco Warner, I mean the Manager of the Adaptation Division in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, she will help us wrap up maybe the discussion. So I know that Ambassador Rabab Fatima has to leave early. Just ahead of this, I would propose for those who have not listened to it up to now to listen to the Minister, to Minister Shukri, representing the COP Presidency or incoming Presidency for still a few days and to listen to his words ahead of COP 27. Thank you. Mr. Antonio Vittorino, Director General of the International Organization for Migration, Excellency's Distinguished Participants. It gives me great pleasure to participate in the second session of the International Dialogue on Migration that addresses one of the most pressing challenges the world is facing today, namely the nexus between climate change and mobility. Climate migration became a reality that has been increasingly recognized as a key global policy issue which requires coherent and long-term solutions. Frequent and destructive disasters result in the displacement and forced migration of millions of people globally every year. In parallel, slow onset environmental degradation of ecosystems and loss and the implications of human induced environmental changes can trigger displacement and undermined livelihoods and exasperates tensions in many parts of the world. The impacts of environmental degradation and climate change on migratory movements are felt in all regions of the world. Yet it is important to acknowledge the differentiated impacts depending on contextual factors such as economic, social, political, environmental and personal circumstances. Statistics also show that displacement caused by disasters worldwide is more than double that caused by conflicts. With this bleak situation in mind, we cannot afford to be bystanders. Major and urgent political efforts to mitigate climate change are critical to avert the most devastating consequences of this crisis on people and their environment. There is a need for a holistic, inclusive and collaborative approach at national, regional and global level with a view to promoting a more climate resilient and migrant inclusive society and economy. In my capacity as the COP 27 President-designate, we will seek to focus on enhancing implementation in order to set up rigorous and focused climate actions in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders. We need to ensure greater synergies between the Global Compact for Migration, the Paris Agreement, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to scale up action on climate change and migration which places primarily emphasis on the well-being and rights of all humans without discrimination, enhance regular pathways for safe, orderly and regular migration through fair recruitment that respects human dignity as well as ensuring that migration remains a choice, not a necessity. Funding gaps must be addressed to help mobilize the necessary resources for disaster risk reduction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, early warning systems and long-term development programs. There is also a need to discuss predictable finance aligned with global climate commitments and the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities to respond to current and future mobility scenarios in the context of the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation. Moreover, climate and environmental migration is a multi-causal phenomenon that requires comprehensive responses from different policy areas. Therefore, adopting a holistic governmental and societal approach is key to ensure that no one is left behind. Last but not least, we need a paradigm shift on humanitarian programming and funding for climate-induced mobility given the protracted nature of such crises. Short-term solutions aren't effective or economically sound. Response should adapt to tackle the compounding challenge and bolster resilience. More emphasis should be placed on developmental, peace-nexus to ensure sustainability and coherence in international efforts and pro-authorization in disaster preparedness. Excellencies, distinguished participants, before I conclude, I would like to highlight three issues that the COP 27 presidency elevated to the top of climate change agenda as they are essential to protecting livelihoods and preventing displacement, whilst ensuring a green transition for our world. First, water security. Unpredictability of water cycles caused by severe problems such as water stress, displacement, and conflict over resources with a continued lack of adaptation capacity, resilience, financial means, and foresight planning and international and regional cooperation, adaptation in the water sector becomes critical to how successful we address the effects of climate change. The Action for Water Adaptation and Resilience Initiative represents a call to address water as key to climate change adaptation and resilience. Second, food security. Agri-food systems are increasingly impacted by climate change. However, improving these systems offers a unique opportunity to address climate change by building resilience across these systems while reducing emissions. The Food and Agriculture for Sustainable Transformation Initiative aims to be an accelerator to transform agri-food systems, drive effective actions, and avoid duplications. Third, climate response for sustaining peace initiative focuses on the climate displacement, peace nexus, and aim at discussing innovative ideas to advance durable solutions and accelerate climate finance for sustaining peace. The initiative will be implemented through activities on the policy, knowledge, and operational fronts to strengthen resilience and address existing gaps. I believe that the COP 27 meetings that will start in a few days in Sharma Sheikh will provide a timely opportunity to reflect on how to shape response to the related challenges. Because we cannot continue to do business as usual, since failure to act in a coordinated and preventive manner to mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and to address displacement and its root causes could undermine peace, stability, and prosperity in countries of origin and destination alike. I thank you. This is a strong call to address migration dimension in the climate change discussion now. I would now like to give the floor to the voice. the displacement dimension. So it's a strong call as well to address migration dimension in the climate change discussion now and it is it is really encouraging. So I would like now to give the floor to the voice if I can say of the LDCs of landlocked countries and of the seas and so to give to give the floor to Ambassador Rabab Fatima. Thank you Ambassador Douma. Thank you Ambassador Kevin Douma, distinguished fellow panelists, excellencies, distinguished delegates. I'm honored to join other distinguished panelists for this very timely session of the International Dialogue on Migration and I thank the IOM for the kind invitation. Excellencies, my office advocates in favour of the 91 most vulnerable states, the least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and the small island developing states. Climate change impacts these countries disproportionately. Last year the LDCs reported 10 percent of global economic losses due to disasters even though they count for just 1.3 percent of the global GDP. More than 8.5 million people living in the LDCs were displaced due to disasters in the year 2020. In addition the COVID-19 pandemic has ripped havoc across the world's most vulnerable countries and the situation in Ukraine has seen rising food fertilizer and energy prices and these all impact on the situation of the people living in the LDCs. The LDCs are reliant on transit countries for exports and import of goods including food. Restrictions at international borders aimed at curtailing the spread of COVID-19 have greatly affected the movement of goods and services. There is a similar situation in the states. Many states have been completely closed impacting on tourism upon which they are heavily reliant as well as trade including food imports. In the past two years the number of severely food insecure people has doubled from 1.35 million pre-pandemic to 276 million today. More than half a million people are living in famine conditions and increased of more than 500 percent since 2016. The combined effect of climate change and these additional shocks has had a major impact on human mobility in the LDCs, LDCs and the states. This has exerted new pressure for displacement both internally and across international borders. This has been explicitly recognized in international agreements. The global compact for migration includes a dedicated section on natural disasters, the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation. I had the privilege to serve as the co-faciliter of the progress declaration for the first international migration review forum. Climate change also featured prominently in this document which was adopted by consensus. The progress declaration recognizes the adverse effects of climate change, environmental degradation and natural disasters as drivers of migration and it recommends strengthening global efforts to enhance the pathways for safe, orderly and regular migration for those affected by these phenomena. So the question is what can we do at COP 27 to advance the issue? Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I want to raise four points I believe are worth considering. Firstly, we must turn the implementation of existing commitments. These are critical to addressing the root causes of human mobility, namely fulfilling the unmet promises, promise of mobilizing 100 billion dollars for climate action in the developing countries as well as providing expedited funding for adaptation, especially the national adaptation plans and achieving a balance between funding for adaptation and mitigation. And my second point is I would like to echo the Secretary-General's call for early morning systems for all by 2027. I single this issue out as it is especially important for the LDCs and the SIS. Putting in place such systems will help prevent the massive losses we have seen over the past decades. With measures in place to save crops and livestock from floods and droughts, we can mitigate some climate-related displacement. And in this regard, I draw your attention to the recently adopted DOHA program of action for the least developed countries. This place is special focus on multi-hazard early morning systems. Thirdly, Excellencies, I would like to welcome the work of the Task Force on Displacement of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage. I encourage its further efforts and also an expeditious start to the work of the Santiago network. My fourth and final point is not related to the UNFCCC architecture. I draw your attention to the lacuna that exists in the protection of persons who have been displaced internationally due to climate change but who do not fall within the protections granted to refugees. Climate impacts will continue to worsen these religious delegates. And so will the numbers or number of persons who have lost their homes for means of subsistence or whose environments become uninhabitable. We must find ways to ensure their safety. And in conclusion, we must recognize that we are falling short of the requirements to meet the 1.5 degree limit. Whilst that remains the case, food security will be negatively affected. This will cause a greater displacement of people, especially the most vulnerable. The international community cannot avoid these tackling issues head on sooner than rather than later. At COP 27, the world will be watching. It is a vital opportunity to address the challenges facing the most vulnerable countries in the world by keeping our promises for the full implementation of existing commitments, working smarter, working together, making better use of the instruments that we already have available and addressing the gaps. Institutional as well as normative to protect all those displaced by climate change. Madam moderator, Ambassador Excellencies, I should rest it here and I thank you all for your kind attention and for this opportunity to share a few thoughts. Thank you very much Ambassador and thank you for that specific focus on most vulnerable countries which are too many, if I can say, among the LDCs, among the seeds and thank you for that call to work together to address the gaps, whether in terms of adaptation, in terms of mitigation, you mentioned the 1.5 and food and security which is linked to it if we do not have more progress and of course in terms of not met commitments in terms of finance and recalling, I mean that call from the Secretary General of having at least 50% of finance of climate finance dedicated to adaptation compared to the finance focused on mitigation. So thank you very much for your intervention. I would like now to give the floor to Minister of State for Environment from the Government of Uganda and that specific country which is the mother precisely Mama Mabira as we say, the mother country and the Minister will tell us and give the floor to Minister Aniwa. Thank you very much. Your Excellencies, the moderator, Caroline, your Excellencies, distinguished participants, the ambassadors, ladies and gentlemen, I'm very grateful to the IOM officials, the Director General and his team, especially the regional directors, Muhammad and the country chief, Sonasi, who has made it possible for us as a country to have even a compiler declaration and they even enabled me to represent my country in this dialogue. I will address my mind to the benefits of integrating human mobility in climate change negotiations. Climate change is inducing human mobility in our region. The east and the home of Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to the climate of vulnerability and the climate change. Disasters linked to the natural hazards, environmental degradation and climate change are overlapping drivers of human mobility. The region is most affected by floods, landslides and the tropical cyclones as well as slow onset events and processes, such as severe droughts, water level rise, environmental degradation and changing rainfall variability. In 2021 alone, 2.6 new disaster displacements occurred in the Sahara African and many more people moved as a result of slow onset processes such as drought, desertification and sea level rise. Some people moved avoiding future disasters and climate change impacts, seeking safety and more sustainable lifehood in the urban centers and other places that are less vulnerable to climate change. Specific to Uganda, the report by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees confirms that Uganda is currently the third largest refugee hosting country in the world, the largest in Africa with more than 1.5 million refugees. This has been driven in part by environmental changes in countries in the East and the Horn of Africa, including prolonged droughts, desertification, flash floods and land degradation, all of which will likely exhibit by climate change in the mid, medium and long term. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fifth session report, the East and the Horn of Africa is projected to be one of the world's most negatively affected by climate change. Addibly, the interplay between climate change conflict, violence and refugees movement is considered to be particularly striking in this region of ours. Notwithstanding this crisis, the Government of Uganda's policy for settling refugees shifts the focus from seeing refugees as a humanitarian obligation to recognizing that refugees' settlement being improved services and infrastructure that can serve both the refugees and the residents of the host communities. In so doing, the Government required a huge budget to address this increasing problem, but also set up a coherent and regulatory framework to address these increasing challenges of human mobility. As such, the Kampala declaration came out of the conference we hosted in Kampala in July and was geared towards developing an integrated approach to climate change induced mobility across the region. It was envisaged that the outcome of the conference in the shape of a declaration will contribute to the rising important topic of human mobility in the context of the climate change at the global level for serious consideration in the 27th Climate Change Conference of Parties, COP 27, in Egypt. And this we were convinced being an African COP our issues will be brought to the table. The ministerial declaration placed an urgent call for enhanced cooperation and action to address the following areas of concern. One, the progressive desertification and the land degradation, creating first mobility of people and life. Two, unsustainable use of ecosystem and its impact of frequent and intense extreme weather events and by extension our well-being. Three, the unplanned migration of our people from rural to urban centres as a result of climate change and disasters. Lastly, it is that it is limitation of partnerships and financing to respond to the climate crisis adversaries affecting the mobility of our people and the life stock in the region. In so doing we are disastrous to build on existing commitments and action within different spaces within the UNFCCCC processes and the EGAD, the East African Community Initiative. We have also embarked on this. We also as a region have collectively identified the main aspect of migration, environment and climate change nexus related to first to the East and the Horn of Africa and the declaration of Kampala explicitly outlined the main call to action. Lastly, we think this is relevant to our region but the challenges remain on making it even wider throughout the African Union, the East African, the EGAD and the entire continent to embrace this. The impact of food insecurity will have to on some of the most venerable countries in the world is not to be overlooked. According to the World Bank Food Security Report domestic food prices inflation remains high around the world. Information between May and September 2022 shows high inflation in almost low-incomeing and middle-incomeing countries to about 88.9% of low-incomeing countries and 91.1% of the low-middle income countries have seen inflation levels above 5% with many experiencing double-digit inflation. The share of high-income countries with high food prices inflation has equally risen to 85.7%. The report further states that the agricultural price index is 1% point higher. On the specific food average, wheat, maize, rice prices in October 2022 are 18%, 27% and 10% higher respectively than in October 2021. Meanwhile, wheat and maize prices are 38% and 4% higher respectively and rice prices 21% lower than in January 2021. The war in Ukraine has altered global patterns of trade, production and consumption of commodities in ways that will keep prices at higher level through the end of 2024 leading to food insecurity and inflation. As such, high food prices have triggered a global crisis that is driving millions more into extreme poverty, magnifying hunger and malnutrition. According to an IFF paper, about 5 billion US dollars to 7 billion US dollars in further spending is needed to assist the vulnerable households in 48 countries most affected by the higher food prices and fertilizer import prices. An additional 50 billion US dollars is required to end acute food insecurity over the next 12 months. It is a serious issue. The number of people who are experiencing acute food insecurity and will need urgent assistance is likely to climb to 222 million people in 53 countries and territories and this is according to Food and Agriculture Organization report. Following the start of the war in Ukraine, trade related policies imposed by countries have surged. The global food crisis has been partially made worse by the growing number of food trade restrictions put in places by countries with the goal of increasing domestic supply and reducing prices. As of October 10th 2022, 21 countries have implemented 26 food export bonds and eight have implemented 12 export limiting measures. As part of the comprehensive global response to the ongoing food crisis, the world must act to provide support in areas such as agriculture, nutrition, social protection, water and irrigation. This financing will include efforts to encourage food and fertilizer production, enhance food systems, facilitate greater trade and support the vulnerable households and producers. In advancing this declaration, Kampala Declaration, we have looked at one, an intent to submit the declaration of COP 27 presidency so much about consideration on the agenda, but also sent a clear signal of the collective voices within the region on migration and human mobility. With the support of IOM hosting a high level side event at COP 27, to launch this declaration, I invite others to join us and in many ways forward-looking aspiration of what we need to do even after COP 27. Already the government of South Sudan has accepted to co-host this side event and we appreciate this effort. However, our vulnerability to climate change and its impact puts a spotlight on the engagement of financial institutions and mobilization of climate finance within the climate negotiations and outside. For the past couple of years, developed countries pledged to mobilize a hundred billion US dollars to address the climate change, the achievement of the US dollar hundred billion goal would be a key outcome of COP 27 and the subsequent long-term finance which will include human mobility and displaced persons. It must be factored in to make us feel part and parcel of the process. Our view is that starting formal discussion on the climate finance goal for 2025 onward is key and settling corresponding timelines to conclude this agenda item said by 2024 and at the heart of this discussion should be human mobility and the refugees. Finally, friends, in dealing with issues of human mobility and financial discussion should not be centered around loans to address refugee issues but rather grants and working with entities like the IOM to settle people peacefully. This will be a way to go. I appreciate your time. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you really. I want to say more than thank you very much but Santisana lady minister for that very rich and comprehensive I can say panorama of the challenges the very compelling and hard challenges face that Uganda faces but as you have framed it as well I mean challenges which are now on the shoulders if I can say of Africa of eastern Africa and the Horn of Africa and on the shoulders if I can say of Uganda the burden of the slow onset of the impacts of climate either slow onset drought desertification and fast onset the floods when you said it the burden of course of this of the displacement linked to these climate hazards the burden of refugees coming from other and neighboring countries but as well the the burden of the food crisis which is now geopolitizing of course of fragile economic balance with all the everything you said about the the rise of the prices of the food prices meat rice maize fertilizers with the hunger and malnutrition which is increasing and a tentative answer and response which is the Kampala declaration trying to address most of these challenges in one unique voice bringing the voices of East Africa Eastern Horn of African countries 12 countries and that you would like to be heard at COP and that of course you would like to to move forward up to 2024 as you said Mrs minister so we'll come back on on these very important points in our discussion I would like to give the floor now to Ambassador Luigi Soreca who is the special envoy for the European Union for external dimension of migration the floor is yours you all let me as well thank you very much minister Aniwar for her strong and passionate intervention that sets very clearly what are the goals and the objective that we have in front of us in this in this area we as EU we fully recognize the strong impact that disaster an adverse effect of climate change have a human mobility around the world and human mobility associated with disaster climate change environmental degradation displays even greater number of people than conflict do so the bulk of human mobility in the context of climate change is occurring mainly within national borders the populations that are most affected do not have the means to migrate and climate related displacement is largely triggered as you know better a comp by a complex combination on environmental and social economics factors and the risk clear consensus a climate change acts as a risk multiplier worsening living condition that compels people to move and the climate related displacement will further impact and disproportionately those who are most vulnerable who often have a few resources to adapt and if they are able to move are likely to migrate in precarious condition including refugees IDPs who often reside in climate change hotspot as we have heard triggering additional vulnerability of potential secondary displacement we are fully aware as EU that despite all the pledges made at COP 2726 in Glasgow the global climate action remains insufficient and ahead of COP 27 we must all together to continue pursuing the global ambition of net zero by mid-century but we also have to make progress on climate finance adaptation and loss of damage as agreed in COP 26 the EU and its member states continue to be the world's biggest donor of climate finance and we will support we will continue to scale up this support to advance in the adaptation finance area we will continue to work with partners to make progress under the Glasgow Sharma shake work program on the global goal of adaptation at COP 27 and we will remain at the forefront of collective effort to deliver on adaptation finance particularly towards the poorest and most vulnerable country and community urgent action on the ground is needed i'm very pleased that just last night the member states of the european union in the council agreed to the common position that the EU will take in COP 27 all the environmental ministers declared that are ready to update the national determined contribution of the EU and its member states in line with the point 29 of the Glasgow climate climate pact and a point that has been also raised by the moderator they also strongly call on the multinational development banks and development finance institution to further strengthen their effort making use of innovative financing instrument improve access to funding and support in the scale-up participation of the private sector we also support as has been mentioned before concrete initiative in the making such as the strengthening and expansion of early warning system which can save thousands of life and we will welcome a support decision that further operationalize the Santiago network and to strengthen facilitate and speed up the provision of technical assistance to vulnerable people and community or talking about food insecurity which is an extremely serious and enormous humanitarian challenges migration can be an adaptation a strategy in context of food security and very recently we have a launched a study in some of the countries and we ever see that the migratory response to food insecurity varies across country and over time but the EU total food support for food security continue to amount until 2024 it will be up to 7.7 billion euro that we will contribute so madam ambassador we strongly believe in multilateralism in working together this is the key of the work but we need all together to increase the priority of the topic of climate change driven displacement on the agenda of the relevant international forum starting by COP 27 thank you thank you very thank you very much ambassador and I would say that this is in a certain way at least one part I mean or a part of one response already from from main one of the main parties of COP of course the European Union representing the not only the institutions but the 27 member states so I mean telling us that the European Union wants still to increase its work on adaptation and its support to adaptation finance as you said but as well work ahead on the improving the NDCs for instance of member states working better with multilateral banks and the private sector to bring innovative instruments of financing both for adaptation and the mitigation dimension the early warning systems which have been already mentioned by several of our panelists and working for I mean having the Santiago network being operation operationalized these are really already very positive directions that we take as such I would like to underline as well your nearly final command saying that we have as well to integrate which is absolutely true and and of course a mantra if I can say for IOM we have to integrate migration as an adaptation strategy and it's good news that EU is ready if I can say to use all that these tools these different I mean nexus tools and narrative if I can say just the day before COP so it gives a little bit of hope for the discussions at COP now at COP 27 of course now we we have we had a successful if I can say answer or response for this panel so we do have two more speakers I would like to give the floor maybe to Mrs. Peffey Kingi for the South Pacific Islander organization and he should be she should be on online if possible nice to meet you madam let's see distinguished guests esteemed leaders I greet you once twice and thrice may I acknowledge our civil society leaders in attendance my island is a mother of pearl that now no longer glows from the rays of the sun we seek its restoration a proverb of the Tuvalu people who relocated from their climate impacted islands of Tuvalu now residing in Kiowa island in the northern groups of Fiji the way Tuvalu people of Tuvalu purchased Kiowa island in 1946 with monies earned from the American Armed Forces during World War II and they settled on Kiowa on the 26th of October 1947 on the 18th to the 20th of October this year just last week our civil society Pacific groups and leaders from all over our Pacific region lobbyists activists human rights defenders and climate change advocates organized by 350 Pacific for a planning retreat before and for COP 27 Kiowa peace of gods paradise on which to collaborate and co-draft the Kiowa culture emergency declaration that we shall be presenting on our way to Sham Del Shea whilst the last week we drank of endless supplies of coconuts we feasted on succulent plentiful varieties of fresh fruit the staple talo the fresh fish market garden bounty of cucumbers fresh fish tomatoes fresh fish lettuce and more fresh fish our people seem to have balanced diets or so we thought and a reliable source that kept the tables full of the earth of the best of earth's bounty however the real background story was not as grand as the spread of foods on our tables we were treated like royalty but after we exited the locals returned to a challenging life that was that we didn't know off that we didn't appreciate after our meeting conversations with the real people who were out at all times of every day every night preparing for us hunting fishing gardening climbing coconut trees they revealed their food supplies fisheries and agriculture were not as plentiful nor as previously known by the original to bongo settlers this makes sense as according to the recent report from the UN climate port panel extreme changes in weather and ocean conditions have meant that fish catches in some of the tropics are down between 40 and 6% we all know that they had limited access to sufficient safe and nutritious food at all times became a concern amongst more families who settled on kial that it was difficult for the people to import purchase or obtain other foods traditional systems for distribution of food bartering for example and the ability of households to buy other food items from the shop or markets have become difficult for cure peoples that the cure farmers and fishermen had noticed that climate impacts brought various risks physical impacts to ecosystems agro ecosystems agricultural production they noticed they were not fishing at the same spots as previous and they do not catch the same volumes as previous they catch less each time said one of the young fishermen excuse me the climate cause noticeable economic impacts on their incomes and trade they had limited produce and fish and this would equal no trade which equaled no fuel which meant no getting on the boat to the market that even when they have sufficient monies for fuel they are light at the other island and then they walk for an hour carrying their goods to get to the market early so they were able to sell with their regular customers that the social impacts on their familial livelihoods if they do not have cash means their children will go without certain necessary items that the children's nutrition have also been compromised as processed foods have been introduced into their diets for a long while now their food security and nutrition is compromised as a certainty and they have traced it back to climate impacts on their community since talking and taking on climate justice many of us are following the science to navigate what climate changes mean in practical terms at locality at villages and the headlines of science daily are screaming and scaring rising sea levels mean rising groundwater and that spells trouble for coastal septic systems october 11th 2022 economic impacts of comb of combating sea level rise july 14 2021 sea level rise up four times global average for coastal communities march 8th 2021 sea level will rise faster than previously thought research shows february the second 2021 food security threat advisedly level rise january 18th 2017 and so excellence says the pacific region we represent today has evolved significantly significantly from the pacific region that once was when our founding fathers met in wellington aotearoa new zealand on the fifth to the seventh of august 1971 to form a regional leadership that was a time of hope many of our island member states were headed to independence others were starting off their life as newly independent states the economic development of our region has been influenced by colonialism relatively late and ongoing decolonization and late integration into the global economy and decolonization and pacific remains an ongoing process these are our continued realities what we all know now above average rainfall resulting in widespread flooding can severely impact on food production harvests can be delayed crops and pastures and can be submerged killed produce spoil produce spoiled many of our foods have reduced protein and mineral concentration reducing their nutritional value our babies harsher climate conditions would increase use of more heat tolerant breeds and beef fraction some of which have lower meat quality and reproductive rates this we all know more extreme weather conditions are already producing unprecedented flooding across our countries recently the severity of our meat our nino weather system threatened to leave four million people in pub when you're getting without water the nation is one of the poorest countries in the world 83 percent of its food is produced in country meaning severe weather could be drastic for food security the decline in water availability caused by climate change as well as a ratic flood drought patterns has already led to increasingly unstable food prices across the Pacific let's consider the demise of our pacific women women are bearing the brunt of our climate crisis and food insecurity a mother related to me that she could not afford the money is required for fuel for the boat that would take her to market the next morning so she could sell samosas at two dollars apiece so she could feed a family of four children given that in many of the world's poorest countries women are acknowledged as owners of crops rather than land when extremely the conditions hit the more vulnerable to destitution for example a yield of crops can be totally washed away by a flood but the land it is often not so the crop owner often a woman is worse off while the landowner often a male does not lose their asset women also lack access to timely climate information despite women managing most household budgets the kia island people understood as did others on mainland that increasing resilience of food security in the face of climate change caused for many interventions from social protection to agricultural practices and risk management the changes on the ground needed for adaptation to climate change and agriculture and food systems for food security and nutrition were required to be enabled by investments policies and institutions in various areas these interventions need to be part of integrated strategies and plans these strategies should be gender sensitive should be multi-spelled involve many sectors and work by multi-sector orders all plans and national strategies should also be supported by enhanced regional and international cooperation for the world's poor adapting to climate change and ensuring food security are intertwined a paradigm shift towards agriculture and food systems that are more resilient more productive and more sustainable is required the world needs to act now to eliminate hunger and malnutrition to enable the agricultural sectors to adapt to climate change to mitigate climate change in order to keep it at levels where it is still possible to ensure and safeguard everyone's food security and nutrition and sadly we know the people who are causing the least emissions are suffering the most this we know climate change is a global concern the global north must pay attention to all threats food security is a global concern all parties must pay attention before it is too too late we in pacific civil society share our pacific leaders vision for a resilient pacific region of peace harmony security social inclusion and prosperity that ensures all pacific peoples can lead freely healthy and productive lives however climate change has compromised this vision we have a 2050 strategy so our blue pacific continent that should be our north star should survive however today our region our world is in turmoil we are beset by climate emergency our region is in crisis a raging COVID-19 pandemic and a worsening socioeconomic crisis that still persists at ground level our civil society have observed and learned lessons about the speedy and exacting nature of change we observe lessons about speedy responses to many and varied vulnerability simultaneously it has taught us about the importance of being grounded in consensus and working together give it even more than before we still believe in working together as a collective for advancing pacific regionalism based on our shared blue pacific narratives our region faces a number of challenges linked to the impacts of climate change declining forest cover lost biodiversity with a significant depletion of certain natural resources we need the world to pay attention now and our pacific leaders form the economic ministers and the civil societies still continue to reaffirm that agriculture is indeed a key sector and in the recovery as an alternative to livelihood options to reduce unemployment due to job losses and ensure food security therefore we call for greater investment and support for community agriculture ladies and gentlemen if i may turn to the kior declaration we co-designed last week we call for urgent and decisive actions through immediate actions on mitigation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to align to the 1.5 temperature goal to ensure survival of small island communities this will be realized by completely phasing out fossil fuels you that comes as no surprise you've heard i say that before we will say it again and again including no new fossil fuel projects ending subsidies and financing of fossil fuels and other carbon emitting extractive industries through safe and just transition to renewable and sustainable energy by 2015 and achieving actual emission reductions that source rather than through the use of blue carbon credits and other carbon offset schemes urgent action on adaptation including financing and support for community led initiatives urgent progress on the issue of loss and damage by securing separate and new additional financing establishing a global civil society task force under the also international mechanism for non-economic loss and damage and establishing a regional civil society task force with the same guaranteed access to finance and the creation of more equitable finance arrangements with a review of regional and international financial architecture with inputs from civil society organization and other stakeholders ocean policies that are compatible with the climate goals including banning deep sea mining banning and penalizing discharge of wastes including nuclear protecting the oceans for the survival of small island communities and ecosystems recognizing respecting upholding and valuing the contributions of traditional knowledge culture and faith in continuing and sustaining the unique relationship between the oceans and the environment attaining intergenerational equity and ensuring we leave behind a better will for our descendants by canceling climate debt and commitments to a debt-free future we also call for a UN climate justice day to be observed on the annual UN calendar ladies and gentlemen distinguished guests thank you thank you very much uh madame for really that that very strong i mean plea and telling us how uh the pacific islands are especially and specifically hit by climate hazards you underline that it is a question of adaptation but as well as well resilience more resilience but in the end also survival i mean you gave us different examples of how the food insecurity which is increasing is jeopardizing the survival even of children i mean babies children but as well life of of women the need for more sustainable solutions solutions and if i may just i would recall your last calls for cop 27 again working and improvement on mitigation efforts on mitigation good decisions on fossil fuels efforts on adaptation including on the on finance financing adaptation the loss and damage as well efforts on more taking care of loss and damage with international mechanisms on non-economic losses and equitable finance so we are coming now to our last speaker who will maybe give us precisely the reaction of uh u n f chopper see um facing i mean ahead of cop 27 the lines we can we can follow maybe to be heard to be better heard during uh the next cop thank you very much to coco warner to join us thank you very much ambassador excellencies esteemed colleagues and ladies and gentlemen it's a privilege to join you today i think we've heard very earnest and well thought through comments already by so many colleagues i think what i would like to share in the closing of this panel are perhaps three things i'd like to just again tip the hat to the evidence base that we have through literature assessments such as the intergovernmental panel on climate change give an idea of three major emphases at cop 27 and then point to the road ahead recent reports of the ipcc the intergovernmental panel on climate change provide evidence that anthropogenic climate change amplifies risks the livelihoods the food security and human security and of course for people on the move and that's what brings us here together this second dialogue just last week i was in this a health region and although it doesn't necessarily make international news just in the country i was visiting just in the region that i was visiting almost a million people were in the process of being displaced from flooding on the continent of africa and many of you know this firsthand even many more millions are affected by drought this year the world has again experienced extreme temperatures breaking all historical trends in regions of asia south and north america small island development states europe anywhere you look we are breaking historical records and the world meteorological organization indicated that there is a 40 probability that average global temperatures will cross the 1.5 degrees celsius threshold this decade at the end of this session we've heard very earnest political comments comments from the experts about what this means for the face of climate change the human face of climate change and that's really what brings us here together just one other thing that we're learning from experts is speaking of the face the children make up a large percentage of people on the move when children either alone or with their families are rooted in moving it has very long and enduring developments impacts can't go to school they may lack sufficient nutrition they may lack sufficient access to health services and of course of all of the groups are very vulnerable to any number of abuses to give a sense of the human face of climate change and the urgent need for action often we think about adaptation as something far out on the horizon and in past years you've heard adaptation talked about almost as if it was a sequential set of actions mitigation first and then sometime mid-century adaptation but for all of you gathered in Geneva and for all of you all over the world in this very important conversation it's clear that adaptation action and additional actions that are needed to build and retain resilience to adverse climate change impacts is now I think again that's what's brought us here so let's take a look at three priorities for COP 27 COP 27 is the first conference of the parties in the 30 year history of the UN framework convention on climate change where the focus is now squarely in all areas on implementation implementation across means of implementation that means finance technology and capacity implementation of adaptation planning getting the means of implementation and doing it on the ground and of course mitigation so for those of you who come to Sean or who are watching the evening news or otherwise engaged you will hear the COP presidency and parties across the board talking about the importance of implementation the one reason among many what white implementation is so important is that the change that we need to make in the world doesn't happen at the meeting it happens with all of us engaged year in year out every single quarter ahead of us every single year onwards we are all anxiously engaged in implementation and making sure that the people at the center of climate change impacts have a chance at a very resilient and good future so implementation is the first the second that I'd like to mention is now let's go through my notes the second part that I'd like to mention is the COP 27 will have a special focus on adaptation and the need to ramp up climate finance for the most vulnerable and on issues specifically relevant to Africa just a few points about the continent of Africa which are very familiar with Africa has among the youngest populations in the world in just a few years from now 40 percent of the population will be in the workforce and among all of the populations of the world it's important to remember the need to give youth of today and tomorrow a beautiful future to look forward to the COP presidency will be emphasizing the role of youth as well as the role that human mobility can play as it was stated before in adjusting to climate change impacts as well as the need to make sure that vulnerable people do have a course to stable sustainable protection and to sustainable climate resilient development now the third emphasis a COP 27 that you will hear partings and stakeholders and of course the COP 27 president himself and all of the presidency team is supporting all segments of society that includes all of us all of you as what we call non-party stakeholders this falls under the banner of inclusive multi-lateralism the challenges of climate change are so large and they truly are a collective challenge as well as opportunity this is an all hands on deck moment all efforts are needed and that again circles back to this important message of implementation and the work of course that iowan and all of you are pursuing through this second international dialogue on migration is welcome and it is a needed part of the effort we could spend the rest of the afternoon talking about the things that ambassador duma asked which is how can you make your voices productive and constructive and helpful and there are a number of ways i'll mention only one but do remember there are many many areas to be involved in your regions and sub regions of the world if you have a way to bring your expertise to support countries in articulating their national adaptation plans in a way that anticipates the future this would be a very helpful area and there are many more it's just because of time i'm only naming that one as countries articulate and submit their national adaptation plans those plans for our climate finance mechanism become almost like blueprints for the types of activities programs and again implementation that need to receive means of implementation with that ladies and gentlemen i wish us all a lot of luck some of us will see each other in just a few days in egypt for the rest of you i hope that this year and next year and the years ahead that will continue in this very important dialogue and our network and all of our efforts to make sure that people are safe that we have collaborative ways to work and to navigate the adverse impacts of climate change and that somewhere on the horizon we will truly forge a climate resilient sustainable future particularly for the youth of the world ambassador duma thank you for the time and i'll hand the time back to you thank you ladies and gentlemen thank you very much co co-owner for your for your very important voice in the name of un uh after policy and uh focusing and well asking us to to particularly focus on implementation on a cop of implementation and a cop of action focusing on adaptations specifically on africa on the use of africa and calling for a specific maybe or specific efforts to be done on the naps um now maybe that we have heard all our panelists we have not so much time for discussion but we'll try to find just a few minutes i would say that we heard expectations from africa from the pacific from ldc's seeds and landlocked countries we heard already the voice of uh strong partners who are as well the european union but of course the convention the unf triple c and we are uh all convinced this is the main uh maybe uh call or that i could recall we are all convinced that action is for now it is urgent and secondly that we have to focus on the most vulnerable ones those who are suffering from climate change plus the uh global crisis uh that we are living through now so are we well prepared for cop how can we um try to translate these expectations in a realistic if i can say ambition can we what can we really expect from that cop and will we reach a point where all these i mean dimensions linked to the human human beings livelihoods will be integrated in that cop do we have answers for that or do we have um interventions from the floor on these questions foul asking for the floor from the room foul please go ahead thank you very much madam chair excellencies esteemed idm organizers speakers and participants thank you for the opportunity to speak in this debate and for stirring such an interesting discussion on the food security and climate mobility nexus we have learned in these two days that climate change continues to impact food systems affecting the lives and livelihoods of men and women in so many ways in particular in rural areas rural people are exceptionally vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as they are highly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods and they have low capacity to adapt when rural livelihoods are compromised people may experience high pressure to uh migrate or may be forced uh forcibly displaced they may also become trapped in high risk areas lacking the ability to move it is essential to explicitly consider the plight of rural populations who are on the frontline of climate change impacts in planning climate adaptation and mitigation doing so is not only a matter of social justice it is the only sustainable pathway towards delivering on the ambitions of the paris agreement we should raise the visibility of human mobility in climate negotiations FAO has joined efforts with partners to raise awareness on the linkages between climate change migration and food security and to promote discussions at COP 27 on how to foster multi-sectoral collaboration and policy coherence FAO and the UN university will be hosting a side event looking at the integration of human mobility into national adaptation plans and nationally determined contributions from a rural livelihood perspective the side event will be a venue to discuss how climate policies can integrate considerations on human mobility and food security and why that is so important likewise we should bring human mobility into the UNFCC um sea processes such as the uh coronaivia a joint work on agriculture it is crucial also to promote the integration of climate mobility considerations in global climate platforms and funding mechanisms such as the global environmental environment facility jeff and the green climate fund GCF as an accredited entity of the GCF and a partner agency of the jeff FAO has been supporting rural communities to strengthen their livelihood resilience and enhance their capacity to adapt to a change in climate and is committed to improve even more the inclusion of human mobility in planning and programming concerted efforts towards inclusive climate action resilient agrees a food systems and sustainable futures are needed alongside safe and regular pathways for these uh for those who choose to or need to move at times of accelerating and unprecedented changes FAO stands ready to work with partners towards these objectives thank you thank you FAO do we have other interventions no well thank you all um all colleagues who are here in the room as well for your patience thank you very much to each of our uh panelists i mean to have contributed to that global reflection i would say and to that more i mean to to an integrated or a more integrated view of how um how now the full nexus between climate change displacement or migration but as well uh the safe and regular pathways have to be integrated in in the good fora but as well most specifically as we are just a few days ahead of COP 27 as they have to be integrated now in the discussions of COP 27 we heard about expectations we heard about what we should do or how we should approach these discussions in COP 27 with a model which is the compala declaration for africa we know that there are several other strategies either already being shaped in the caribbeans or in the pacific or which will be announced these are excellent moves i mean to integrate the human dimension of climate change impacts in COP 27 we mustn't forget about the more technical calls uh that we we heard about um enforcing efforts on mitigation the 1.5 degrees of course uh and strengthening efforts on adaptation and uh then strengthening efforts on climate finance the responsibilities the shared and the differentiated responsibilities the 100 billion dollars but plus new a new shaping if i can say of climate uh financing with a balance between finance on adaptation and loss and damage so we we will maybe meet each other and a certain number of each other in COP and we hope that we will be heard that all these voices that we heard the very important voices will be heard and that will that COP 27 beyond being precisely the COP of climate justice will be as well a COP of delivering for people thank you very much i would like to thank you to to carol in duma and uh all the panelists and i would like to invite uh our closing mark speakers mrs francesca mandez ambassador prime representative of mexico and mr eugenia and brosie chief of staff of ian now for the closing remarks i would like i'm honored to give the floor to ambassador prime representative of mexico mrs francesca mandez please muchas gracias thank you very much mr embrasio your excellencies distinguished delegates both here in the room and those who are joining us on the virtual platform it's an honor to speak on behalf of mexico at the closing of this international dialogue on migration which is dedicated to a theme that requires and demands urgent and joint action from the international community the world is currently facing considerable crises in social economic health climate and geopolitical arenas understanding the impact of these events on migration is fundamental to ensure that migratory policies are comprehensive and multi-dimensional that they're based on human rights and have a preventive approach and ensure that nobody is left behind as we have heard over the last two days the nexus between climate change food insecurity and migration is undeniable and it's visible in nearly all regions in the case of mexico we face a permanent exposure to multiple risks which have an impact on life and security of people as well as on the development of the country if they're not managed under an approach of resilience in addition various studies show that half of migrants who transit through mexico come from agricultural areas of central america that are most affected by disasters and climate change similar scenario are taking place in the sahel region the horn of africa in the asia pacific region to mention but a few the disasters which are the product of climate change and the impact on food security are further exacerbated by the situation in ukraine we have seen a deepening of poverty a widening of inequality and a greater number of people forced to migrate in search of security or access to better opportunities and livelihoods nevertheless the usually spontaneous disorderly and irregular character of these migratory flows exposes people to more precarious situations to exposure to the hands of traffickers and it increases even more when we look at those who are in vulnerable situations such as minors women people with disabilities and older people fortunately we have global frameworks that are very relevant the gcm and the gcr the paris agreement on climate change the sendai framework for disaster risk reduction and the agenda 2030 these instruments strengthen one another and must be implemented simultaneously they set out roadmaps for public policy in countries and aim to prevent and deal with the movement of people brought about by the impact of climate change and food insecurity and they must promote the respect of human rights increase collaboration and cooperation on an international level and find solutions and in order to close the work of this dialogue i'd like to raise five general ideas and considerations based on the debates we've heard over the last two days to ensure that we have effective measures for mitigation and adaptation to climate change that we strengthen the resilience of communities and facilitate safe orderly and regular migration first it's necessary to improve the availability of data despite the efforts to gather more and better statistical information on migratory flows we still have large gaps we need perspective and strategic data on the impact of climate change food insecurity and other causes of human mobility we need them disaggregated by age gender migratory status and vulnerability situations this will allow us to anticipate what type of migratory movements will take place in coming years in order to draw up policies and plans that fit these challenges secondly we need to redouble efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change in particular for vulnerable countries in order to widen capacities and strengthen resilience of local communities this means that we need to widen access to sustainable financing to bring about measures which avoid reduce and confront the effects of climate change including including loss and damages and to help prepare better preparation planning before these events the third point is that we need to widen and diversify the offering of regular migratory routes the offer of regular routes and humanitarian visas and education and temporary work schemes are a concrete measure which reduces vulnerability of migrants who move due to disasters and the impact of climate change and it promotes orderly safe human and regular migration there are numerous good practices and recommendations which are guided by the objective five of the global migration compact which will help us achieve regular migratory routes based on human rights which guarantee access to decent work and give a certainty to the migratory processes so that migration is an option and not a necessity this objective was was approved by member states in the progress declaration at the recent international migration review forum and fourthly the development of preparatory plans response and early warning in the face of climate change and its impact on human mobility must take into account specific needs and the differentiated needs of the population in particular when we talk about vulnerable groups and this needs the promotion of inclusive participation of the communities in the decision-making process so that we can reflect the needs and the approach based on gender aid and diversity finally we need to accelerate the implementation of the global and regional frameworks that are applied and we need to overcome the gaps and take into account lessons learned two weeks before the 27th conference of the parties of the UN framework convention on climate change in Egypt it's a time to renew our commitment to this agenda and face the realities of climate change as an accelerator of migration with a sense of urgency and ambition once more i'd like to thank the IOM for inviting me to participate in this meeting thank you very much thank you madam ambassador and i would like to give the floor to IOM chief of staff mr Eugenio Ambrosi thank you thank you day and thank you madam ambassador for your words the two days of very intense discussion and i will not even try to summarize the the depth and breadth of discussion that have taken place but i just would like to highlight a few points that i think are particularly relevant as we approach COP 27 and the next stage of the negotiation on on such an issue of importance like climate change the first aspect that i would like to underline is the challenges that we have been looking at and we have been discussing in the last two days what is it that we are actually facing and trying to to tackle i think the first challenge is actually in the title of this year international diagram on migration the overlapping global crisis we have been looking at the interlinkages between different crisis of different nature but also at the multiple shock factors that affect each other and create the situation in many respects that we are facing and tackling at at this point and when we talk about different shock factors we of course have been talking about slow onset of crisis as well as sudden onset of crisis and other situation that have an impact on climate change on food security and and the resulting mobility a lot of reference and the reflection have been made in the past two days on the latest event in Ukraine and the impact that that has on food distribution right now and potentially on food production next year if the crisis continue to to to go on in in the same way and that is one of the challenges that i think we have been all agreeing we are facing another challenge of course is the need to address several root causes that have to do with both displacement resulting from climate change many references have been made to the need to improve management of land and water resources and how much land and water degradation impacts community and generates potential if not real mobility in many in many situation another challenge that is particularly important is the fact that all speakers and in all sessions have agreed to the fact that the most vulnerable those that are already most vulnerable for different reason and different condition are the one most exposed to the additional vulnerability that comes from climate change and from food insecurity and mobility resulting from that so this is in very broad strokes some of the area that are particularly worrying for all of us and that we need to find a way to respond to and the responses are the other aspect that in the last two days we have been looking at and of course several have been identified and i don't pretend to mention them all and be exhaustive but to mention some that we consider particularly relevant the first that was an issue raised on the very opening panel yesterday is the fact that we need to assess the situation we are facing we need to understand what it is that we have to battle against and we need to understand the nexus that exists between the different shock factors that affect mobility and food security the other response that is particularly relevant is the need to invest in proactive action rather than just reacting not waiting for a crisis to explode and then try to figure out what to do and how to handle it but try to put in place measure that prepare the community to respond to an upcoming crisis and that improve the possibility of corrective measure before the crisis struck and in this regard reference have been made several times to the proposal launched by the secretary general of an early warning system that would serve exactly the purpose of trying to anticipate events rather than just responding another aspect that is extremely important talking about the response is of course that food insecurity as well as climate change and the link between the two don't belong to one specific policy aspect of of our life but to require a multi-sectoral approach and a whole of government approach and I would say a whole of stakeholder approach it is a complex situation we have to face therefore we require a complex answer to to the situation and one fundamental element that I think has emerged continuously throughout the discussion is the need to invest in resilience and the underlying factor that migration is at the same time or could be at the same time an effective adaptation strategy to climate change in food insecurity but also a potential cause of environmental degradation or food insecurity and therefore the need to strike a proper balance in our policy response and in our operational response between these two aspects so that we could actually ensure that migration responds to the need of the community affected and don't necessarily add to displacement that in many parts of the world is is already a particularly serious problem and when we talk about resilience one of the focus needs to be on empowering women and youth in the decision making system that would ensure an effective food production and food distribution and adaptation strategy response and therefore the attention that needs to be made on some of the component of the community very often are instead much more exposed to vulnerability and to problematic situation and of course resilience also entails since we're talking about mobility and migration a far better migration management system across the world a migration management system that is actually able to respond to the sudden movement of people due to food insecurity or climate change or even a gradual onset of mobility due to a degrading situation over time and talking about the better migration management system we obviously mean a system that ensure the effective protection of those that are on the move not just from an immediate humanitarian response point of view but on a longer term migration management optic and that is able to efficiently and effectively counteract the shocks that are resulting from the situation that we are tackling and when we talk about migration management and it was mentioned by the ambassador just before of course we have instrument that are in place and that we need to continue to implement and possibly strengthen its implementation the global compact on safe orderly and regular migration is one as well as of course the the SDG and the agenda 2030 we have there a roadmap that would allow the international community to move ahead in improving a series of aspect and a series of gap that we have in migration management that would allow us also to better manage the response to the crisis we are talking about the last point that I would like to make is that throughout the discussion it was clear that this is not an issue that any single actor can tackle or think of tackling alone and the issue of partnership among governments of course but also among various stakeholders including civil society diaspora another organization involved is essential and is the way in which the international community should organize itself to respond in the in the panel just before we have heard the example of the Kampala declaration which is a very good example of regional cooperation to tackle the challenges that that specific region is is facing in terms of food insecurity and and climate change and so this is the way in which I think we should decisively move more and more in terms of in terms of international partnership I would stop here thanking you all for for the participation thanking you ambassador for your your closing remarks and looking forward to continuing this process in the COP 27 which we all hope and expect will produce further step ahead in the process of responding to the challenge that climate change is posing to all of us and to the future of our planet thank you very much thank you mr. Agrozi on the end I would like to thank 12 panelists and non moderators especially those that have come with us for far away and those who join us online for really far away in the middle of the night also would like to have a big appreciation and thanks to our interpreters thank you and of course to thank my colleagues that helped me that this actually event really have the shape as you had a possibility to see thank you all and see you next time