 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy for the date 31st May 2019. Displayed are the list of news articles selected for today's analysis and their page numbers in Chennai, Delhi, Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and the time stamping of the news articles are provided in the description box and for the benefit of mobile phone viewers, the time stamping is also provided in the comment section. Now let us move on to the first news article. Now this article is relevant in problems under rights issues in Indian polity and remains in GS paper 2 in functioning of parliament and issues arising out of such functioning and government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. See the author talks about few controversial bills that were introduced by the previous government in the parliament. And with the dissolution of the Lokshapa, these bills became no longer valid or that these bills lapsed. But with the formation of the new government, now these aspects of the lapsed bills may be revived sooner or later. That is they may soon reintroduce another bill on the same matter. So the author highlights the various controversies with respect to these lapsed bills. Now some of the bills taken for today's editorial analysis by the author are a Transgender Bill, Sarogasi Bill and Trafficking Bill and also finally he talks about Citizenship Amendment Bill as well. And first this Transgender Bill, Sarogasi Bill and Trafficking Bill, the author states that these bills are the bills for the vulnerable sections in the society and hence the title of the article. If you take the Transgender Bill, on one side we have Supreme Court saying in Nalsa judgment that it is for the individual to determine the gender identity. But the bill removed this fundamental and non-negotiable principle recognized by the Supreme Court and gave the determination of identity in the hands of government appointed committees. The author is referring to district screening committees that are to be constituted by the government for the purpose of recognition of transgender persons as it was proposed under transgender persons protection of rights Bill of 2018. There were also issues in the provisions with respect to gender reassignment surgery as well. Now if you come to Sarogasi Bill, now the issue is with the exclusion of sexual minorities who are homosexual individuals that is they cannot become parents by opting for Sarogasi. Also the bill imposed discriminatory age restrictions upon men and women when opting for a Sarogat mother and it also completely banned this commercial Sarogasi. Commercial Sarogasi is that when a couple gets a Sarogat mother by paying a compensation. Now Sarogat mother is a woman who bears a child who is genetically related to the requesting couple through Sarogasi from the implantation of embryo in the womb of the Sarogat mother. See these are all author's personal opinions. The author feels that the commercial Sarogasi should only be safeguarded from misuse and it actually should be allowed and regulated. The author feels that commercial Sarogasi will happen opening up space for underground exploitation of women with the potential to create a black market as well. Now that is imagine government has banned commercial Sarogasi. Now if one pays for Sarogat mother that is in violation with the law then the money becomes illegitimate and it is illegitimate use of money or dirty money and there are many more processes that will lead to this creation of black market. Now the controversy with trafficking bill is that the criminalization of begging without providing any manner of effective alternatives. The bill also failed to differentiate non-consensual trafficking influenced sex work and consensual sex work. Now this is a problematic area. See some way women and men are into sex work even voluntarily and several studies have found evidence that individuals take up sex work just at least to have food three times a day. When many individuals are in such situation in our country and without creating alternative livelihood opportunities it will be morally weak and unstable to criminalize those who take up the sex work on their own. That is what the author says. With respect to transgender bill, the Sarogasi bill and trafficking bill some commonalities are observed by the author. First see each of these bills deal with intimate subjects such as individual's decisions of what to do with their body about their personal dignity and autonomy and also gender identity. Secondly see these bills are associated with the rights of certain sections of the most vulnerable and marginalized members of our society. And these bills were drafted without having extensive and enough or adequate discussions with affected population or impacted communities. And rather than guaranteeing and securing the rights of these communities to be free from state interference, provisions of these bills extended the state's control and government's domination over these matters. And finally we could see extensive and widespread protest were demonstrated by the very communities for whom the bill was proposed. Finally the author comes to citizenship amendment bill. Now the bill aimed to provide citizenship to persecuted minorities from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. To those persecuted minorities belonging to Hindus, Sikhs, Jainism, Buddhism, Parsism and Christians but not Muslims. That is if a Muslim comes from these countries that is Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh because of facing persecution in these countries he will not be given citizenship but those people belonging to other religions will be given citizenship. Thus the bill categorically eliminated the communities who face persecution in these countries among Muslims. If you take Pakistan Muslims from the Ahmadiyya's and the Baloch communities are facing persecution. Therefore this move, this citizenship amendment bill proposed by the previous government the author calls this illogical clearly discriminatory on the grounds of religion. Now with respect to some of the party members, senior party members of the ruling party who propose a nationwide NRC exercise, the author says it is extremely sickening to ask the people of India to prove their citizenship. Now the thought behind involving everyone in the country to undergo NRC update process is that everyone in the country is an illegal migrant. The nationwide NRC would become a nightmare of administration and implementation. We can observe this from the recent exercise of NRC update process in the state of Assam. NRC is nothing but national register of citizens, the register that consists of the names of Indian citizens. There is also emotional strain on people as people from same family for some their name updated in the NRC for persons of or for other persons of the same family their names are not added. The emotional strain has led people to take suicides in certain instances. Now we were able to see overlapping functions between NRC machinery of the state of Assam and the foreigners tribunal on one side. One say that a person is an illegal migrant on the other say the same person may not be an illegal migrant. So there is difference of opinion even between the NRC machinery of the state government of Assam and the foreigners tribunal and there is no question in our country that other than the state of Assam there is a problem of illegal migrants. The author states that there is no credible evidence to demonstrate that there is large scale illegal immigration taking place in India and therefore a nationwide NRC is not required and if such a NRC exercise is conducted all over India then the process will lead to massive waste of resources and this will also act as a gateway to trigger violence in our country. That's a conclusion the author states that the government has to first listen the voices of the people who will be directly impacted by the law or policy and they have to be engaged in good faith and in all these processes say from discussion to the drafting of the bill till it becomes a law with president's assent basic constitutional principles and values must be respected and it is also to be hoped that some of the shortcomings in various aspects of the discussed bills could be remedied by the continuing government in power and before introducing the bills in the same drafted format the government should redraft these bills with participatory opinions from the affected people. In addition to the role of government and the courts you know to remove the problem stated in this discussion it will require sustained public movement so as to make the voice of the voices of the impacted or affected people to be heard in the halls of power now that is halls of power in our context means parliament that enacts legislations with this we come to the end of this article discussion see the displayed practice main's question will be discussed in the practice session now let us take up the analysis for next news article now this news article is about cloud seeding it states that Hindustan aeronautics limited and IIT Kanpur has offered low-cost cloud seeding options to the Karnataka government this article will be relevant in prelims under current events of national importance and physical geography and also in general science the state cabinet of Kanataka government has approved a budget of 91 crore for cloud seeding for next two years now let's see about cloud seeding see generally how rainfall happens see there are super cool droplets of water present in the clouds they are still in liquid form but when they are at a temperature below the usual freezing point of zero degrees centigrade they form ice crystals when these ice crystals become too heavy to remain suspended in air they start to fall down to earth on their way they melt down to form or give rain now this is a simple description but there are also complex processes associated with rainfall now even in dry areas the air usually contains some moisture or water now this can be made to come together to form ice crystals by seeding the atmosphere or seeding the clouds with chemicals such as silver iodide potassium iodide or dry ice now these chemicals help in giving rainfall by inducing nucleation now nucleation means whatever little water that is present in the dry air condenses around the newly introduced particles and these crystallizes to form ice so these chemicals are called as seeds so there are two ways of delivering these seeds in the atmosphere one is through plane and next one is done by spraying from the ground this seeding process is called as cloud seeding so with respect to first method see cloud seeding by plane now if you see this picture a red is required the radar will identify the moisture bearing clouds within its coverage area or within its vicinity the identification range depends on the type of radar that is being used the meteorologists check for certain conditions before they induce this artificial rain see they'll check whether there are clouds with enough moisture to induce our artificial rain they will also check about conventional movement of air and also lower wind velocity or the wind speed so that maximum rain can be achieved on cloud seeding if the conditions are positive for creating artificial rain the aircraft are the plane with the seeding chemicals such as silver iodide or dry ice it takes off and it sprays them on the clouds now this is called as seeding or dispersion and within some 15 to 20 minutes one can see the rainfall happening in the area the second method of cloud seeding is done by spraying the chemicals from the ground level here a little amount of silver iodide is sprayed along with propane flame and the silver iodide particles rise into the clouds and help in forming rain so cloud seeding is basically a type of weather modification so when there is some question with respect to weather modification by inducing chemicals or man-made or anthropogenic weather modification you can talk about cloud seeding now in this news article it has been mentioned that two companies from United States has responded to the global tender called by the state government of Karnataka and these companies focused on importing radars planes pilots from companies in United States alone so it all those things have to come from us to India so the costs will definitely become very high and also the import procedures will add to further delays and the Karnataka state government is expecting to start this process of cloud seeding by the end of June and probably will continue for next three months even during the monsoon season now the main news is that Hindustan aeronautics limited and Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur they have offered low-cost indigenous technology to enhance this rainfall or this artificial rain now the offer is based on salts which act like dispersing seeding agents and these salts are developed indigenously by IIT Kanpur and the news article as no mention whether these salts are whatever we discussed so far silver iodide or potassium iodide or dry ice or whether it is a new discovery or new new other any other new chemical we don't know and IIT Kanpur has partnered with this Hindustan aeronautics limited the HIL will provide aircraft and train pilot support for the cloud seeding chemical support will be given by IIT Kanpur the deputy director of IIT Kanpur has said these salts have proven to be more effective in catalyzing this rainfall and you should note that cloud seeding was done in Karnataka in 2017 that has resulted in 28% additional rainfall and therefore Karnataka government has decided to continue the same thing even this year that is cloud seeding with this we come to the end of this article discussion the displayed problems question will be discussed in the last session with this let's move on to next news article now the next news article is about pending recommendations of the election commission since the year 2015 that is since the conduct of elections for 16th Lokshabha now the news article will be helpful and mains preparation under GS paper 2 in functions and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies and also in salient features of representation of people act some nine working groups were set up by election commission of India to suggest improvements in specific areas based on their experience during 2014 Lokshabha elections around some 337 recommendations were submitted out of this three some 337 recommendations some 300 recommendations have been disposed of so far by the government that is some action either acceptance or rejection may have may have been taken on these 300 recommendations but some 37 recommendations are still pending since the year 2014 before the government now one among the suggestions was drafting legal provisions to disqualify candidates for offenses that start with five years imprisonment and this disqualification has to be carried out in a earlier stage of the entire criminal justice system that is on framing of charges that is immediately after the submission of final report or charge sheet rather than disqualifying them after the conviction by the court because sometime conviction takes several years now when we talk about charge sheet see this charge sheet or final report is submitted after the investigation of police officer related to a particular case whenever when an FIR is registered immediately police will arrest the accused and those cross will carry on immediately after filing of FIR within some reasonable time frame police has to complete the investigation and submit the charge sheet now the election commission is recommending to disqualify a person you know immediately after filing the charge sheet if the particular offenses has a minimum punishment of five year imprisonment now the punishment for filing false affidavits are asked to increase from six months to more than two years now affidavit is nothing but a written statement that is confirmed by an oath or affirmation that has to be submitted by a contesting person or an individual you know while contesting in the elections another recommendation is that candidates who are found guilty of corruption and heinous crimes you know they must be permanently disqualified from contesting in elections this is one another recommendation and a working group has suggested some amendments in empowering the election commission to issue notice to a political party for necessary corrections in the manifesto of a political party now the election commission has also recommended for the setting up of courts to adjudicate electoral offenses and in order to reduce the duration of election process alright and the associated problems with respect to each localities the election commission has asked to consider the various factors such as whether examination schedules festivals it was in the with respect to every state for scheduling of pools and next with respect to political party the recommendation is that the number of parties number of members required for a political party registration should be increased to from 100 to 1000 and they are also asking those political parties that do not field any candidate in elections has to be deregistered and one another matter is with respect to funding of political parties we have been seeing a lot of news related to political fund funding particularly funding for political parties and also the issues of transparency and related to that one recommendation with respect to that is there has to be specific legal provisions you know to regulate funding of political parties they are actually asking for a comprehensive bill to deal with registration recognition and funding of political parties that has to be drafted and then in an attempt to prevent some malpractices that happened during elections because we see some the elect identity card numbers of voter ID card in some states there are 10 digits in some states there are 16 digits so they are asking for standardization of voter photo identity card numbers and for speedy resolution of expenditure related matters during elections during elections they are requesting for a setting up of fast track course now if you see there will be serious of questions with respect to who will be punished with respect to this seizure of various money from various places during the conduct of elections election commission state more than thousand crore has been received in the during the conduct of 17th lokshawa more than 3000 crore has been received during the conduct of recent lokshawa elections now there will be questions among the people who will be punishing the punishing them how long it will take to punish these people who transferred money from one locality to other locality for distribution of these money so the election commission recommends setting up a fast track course for speedy resolution of this expenditure related matters during the elections with this let's move on to our next news article now this news article talks about World Health Organization giving award to Rajasthan Health Department now the discussion will be relevant in prelims under current events of national and international importance and in general science will also be helpful in main syllabus in GS paper 2 in area of functioning of ministries and departments of the government and in government interventions for development in various sectors next in issues relating to development and management of social sector relating to health the discussion can also be linked to environmental pollution and degradation in GS paper 3 now World Health Organization has selected Medical and Health Department of Rajasthan State government for an award this year see this award is in recognition of the department's achievement in the field of tobacco control the Medical and Health Department has launched several campaigns against this tobacco consumption in the last financial year that is 2018-19 these campaigns were organized at schools colleges police stations and several government offices now this award will be given to the Rajasthan State government particularly this department at a function in New Delhi for marking this World No Tobacco Day and which it is expected as it is stated that the department's particular department's additional chief secretary will receive the award see the health department of the state is the only government body in the country which will be awarded for its tobacco-free initiatives every year this World Health Organization recognizes individuals or organizations in each of the six WHO regions for their successful accomplishments in the area of tobacco control now this year WHO has selected five organizations from the South Asian region alone for this prestigious award see three organizations were from Thailand and Indonesia two organizations out of this five organizations are from India one is the Valabai Patel Chest Institute situated at New Delhi other is the Medical and Health Department of Rajasthan State Government now let us see about this World No Tobacco Day see today May 31 every year is celebrated as World No Tobacco Day the WHO and its global partners celebrate World No Tobacco Day on every year in May 31 it is an annual campaign where there will be an opportunity to raise awareness on the harmful and deadly effects of tobacco use not only about this tobacco use but also the harmful and deadly effects of second hand smoke exposure and also to discourage the use of tobacco in any form see the normal way how smoking hurts the non smokers is through second hand smoke now you don't think second hand smoke is using the puff of a smoking person see it's a combination of smoke that comes from a cigarette and smoke breathed out by a smoker see when a when a non smoker is around someone who's smoking they breathe in the second hand smoke now the second hand smoke is dangerous because it consists of the smoke that comes from a cigarette and the smoke that that is breathed out by a smoker it is dangerous to anyone who breathes it in because it can stay in the air for several hours after somebody smokes and because of the harmful effects it can cause breathing second hand smoke for even a short time can cause health effects to your body some health effects of second hand smoke includes even lung cancer in people who have never smoked then it is more likely that someone will get a heart disease and even have a heart attack and die early and the non smokers who happens to smoke this second hand smoke may also suffer from breathing problems like coughing extra film wheezing and shortness of breath the focus and theme for world know tobacco day 2019 is tobacco and lung health and it has been planned or decided to increase awareness on the negative impact that this tobacco has on people's lung health from cancer to chronic respiratory disease and they have also took plan to create awareness about the fundamental role lungs play for the health and well-being of all people the campaign also advocates for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption and also engaging stakeholders across multiple sectors in the fight of tobacco control now what is tobacco see tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves these leaves are dried and fermented before being put in tobacco products see tobacco contains nicotine which is an ingredient that can lead to addiction that is why many people who use tobacco find it very difficult to quit and there are also many other potentially harmful chemicals found in tobacco and these chemicals are also created by burning the tobaccos people can smoke choose and sniff tobacco smoked tobacco products includes cigarettes BDs and etc. Now one of the main risk factor for a number of chronic diseases including cancer lung diseases and cardiovascular diseases is tobacco use even though it is known that it is one of the main risk factor for a number of chronic diseases it is still the tobacco uses common throughout the world and number of countries have legislation restricting tobacco advertising and regulating who can buy who can use tobacco products and where people can smoke you must know how tobacco endangers the lung health of the people now let's talk about lung cancer see tobacco smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer it is responsible for more than 66% of lung cancer deaths globally and second hand smoke exposure at home or in the workplace also increases the risk of lung cancer and how to reduce the risk of lung cancer for a smoking person is just a simple quitting smoking and how chronic respiratory disease and they say tobacco smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease this is a condition where buildup of pus filled mucus in the lungs that results in a painful cough and severe unbearable breathing difficulties and it is it is also stated that the risk of developing this chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is high among individuals who start smoking at a young age because when they start smoking at a young age this tobacco smoke significantly slowdowns the development of lungs see tobacco also aggravates asthma and tuberculosis now this restricts the activity of lungs and contributes even to disability it can I cast ability to disable a person tuberculosis generally damages the lungs and reduces lung function and this is now aggravated by tobacco smoke infants who are exposed to tobacco smoke toxins in utero frequently experience reduced to lung growth and function now exposure to tobacco smoke toxins in utero that is while in the womb of the mother that's what we say in utero so infants when they are given when they are exposed to tobacco smoke or freak they frequently experience reduced lung growth and function and this could be because of maternal smoking that is smoking by mother or maternal exposure to second-hand smoke now young children exposed to second-hand smoke are at risk of onset and aggravation of asthma pneumonia bronchitis and frequent lower respiratory infections as well now one should note that around 60,000 children in the world die before the age of 5 because of lower respiratory infections that is caused by second-hand smoke that is the problem created by smokers while discussing the syllabus we saw that this analysis will also can also be linked to environmental pollution see tobacco smoke is a very dangerous form of indoor air pollution now this is because it contains over 7,000 chemicals and know that 69 of them are known to cause cancer carcinogenic those smoke may be invisible and odourless it can linger in the air for up to five hours it can stay in the air for up to five hours this puts everyone who's exposed to the smoke at risk of lung cancer chronic respiratory diseases and reduced lung function now we have a sustainable development goal target that is target number 3.4 if you read it along with three small at a a which is given in the SDG goal goal book says for one third reduction in premature or earlier mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030 and therefore it aspires that tobacco control must be a priority for governments and communities worldwide this is also recognized by World Health Organization currently if you see the trend the World Health Organization says the world is not on track to meeting this target and it's our duty to provide a healthy environment to the next generation and also to next person and it would be it would be also even beneficial if you take a pledge not to smoke with this we come to the end of this article discussion the displayed prelims question will be discussed in the last session now let us move on to next news article now this news article is about global childhood report the content will be relevant in prelims under current events of national and international importance and in mains in GS paper 2 under vulnerable sections that is welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the center and states and mechanisms for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections the discussion may also be helpful for your essay writing as well now this global childhood report discusses the overall conditions of the children prevailing at a global level at present the report has noted that children of today are better off than those 20 years ago that's the title of the news article now if you see see the global childhood report is released by save the children now save the children is a united states based non-government organization that is working for the education and protection of child rights now they have many officers in various countries also in our country as well now coming to the outcomes of the global childhood report 2019 the report states that overall situation of childhood has improved in in almost almost more number of countries to be accuracy 173 of 176 countries since the year 2000 the children who are born today they have better chance than the children at any time in history the report tells that the children at present receive proper and right support to grow up healthy you know get education and protection and they also have the opportunity to reach their full potential now if you see the condition of children you know children before one generation the report states that a child born a generation before was twice as likely to die before reaching the age five than the children at present of 70% of the children born a generation before are more likely to be involved in child labor when compared to the present generation and they are the children born a generation ago are 20% more likely to be murdered when compared to this generation and in 2000 nearly 97 crore children were denied their childhood due to reasons such as ill health malnutrition exclusion from education child labor child marriage early pregnancy and violent death globally this number has now reduced to 69 crore at present now if you see the difference you could up you could understand that at least 28 crore children are better off today than the children before 20 years now this non-government organization save the children also releases an index named as end of childhood index almost 176 countries where have been considered for this index the index notes that the overall situation of children has improved in 173 of 176 countries since the year 2000 and one special thing is that in some of the poorest countries we could see huge progress in this now this is a clear evidence that development work is giving huge advantage for this poorest countries so as to focus more on their social sector development except one area the index notes that almost all areas there have been significant progress for children since the year 2000 first if you take say there is 49% drop in the under 5 child death rate under 5 child mortality rate when compared to 2000 levels and 40% drop in child labor 33% drop in chronic malnutrition or stunting and around 33% drop in out-of-school children has been recorded if you compare it with 2000 levels and 25% drop in child marriage has also been seen now see these child marriage out-of-school children facing Chakronik malnutrition child labor under 5 child mortality rate these are some of the issues with respect to children rather than the numbers of decrease you've kindly keep it in mind all these are some of the problems existing in the children sector there is also a 22% drop in adolescent pregnancy when compared to 2000 levels see as per national with policy of India if you see an individual in the age group of age 13 to 19 year is an adolescent so the pregnancy during this adolescent age is called as adolescent pregnancy according to WHO which defines adolescents as individuals in that 10 to 19 years age group so generally if you see an adolescent will be most probably in the age of teenage population from the year 13 to 19 it includes although we've we see some differences between organization in defining this adolescence and in India legally a child is defined as a person who has not completed 18 years of age and a 17% drop can be seen in child homicides comparing to 2000 levels see homicide means killing or murdering sometime even means suicide here the murderer is the one's own self now the report tells that at least 85,000 boys and girls under the age of 20 were murdered in the year 2016 alone and about 40% of these victims were under 15 years of age so in the year 2000 it was 97,000 child homicides so this is there is a difference of 12,000 less comparing to the year 2000 and this translates into a 17% decrease in the child homicide rate globally now what is the importance of this child homicide is that each of these deaths represent more and more children living in violent or abusive environments so both these conditions particularly adolescents pregnancy and child homicides we can see some moderate improvement only we have seen some data we observed that there is a significant or moderate improvement in almost all the conditions but if you closely observe the index the index notes that there has been no progress at all in reducing the number of children living in areas of violence and conflict or the areas that are worked on now the conditions of children suffering due to conflict have become worse when compared to 2000 levels now the area of violence is harmful for children because children will be forced to flee from their own homes during such a conflict now if you look at the number of children living in war zones and who are forced to flee their homes due to a conflict this has increased since the year 2000 the report talks about stolen childhoods and it states that this stolen childhoods are increasingly concentrated in the world's conflict zones now we know that childhood is the right time that is considered safe for growing learning and and playing see if a child is denied this right due to any reasons like conflict or war then it is called as or any other reasons for that matter then it is called as stolen childhood also children make up about 30% of the world's population but more than half of the world's refugees are children now let's come to India specific data see India's rank in this end of childhood index for the year 2019 is 113 in 2018 also it was 113 in 2017 it was 116 so there was a marginal improvement in the year and now almost the same status in the year 2018 with reference to 2018 the education rates among women and girls have increased in India and this has led to improvements in child health and protection in our country the report has appreciated the efforts taken in our country to end the child marriages now India has achieved 57% reduction in child mortality now that is a significant reduction in child mortality comparing to 2000 levels now the number of Indian children dying after the first month and before the age of five has fallen by 70% since 2000 that is from 13 lakhs to 384000 but the number of new born deaths or the neonatal mortality rate has declined by only 52% when compared to 2000 levels see neonatal mortality rate is what they say when the children die after the during the first month after birth stunted children have reduced to just 230 lakhs at present now this is a 30% reduction when compared to 2000 levels now if you exclude household domestic work child labor among five year old to 14 year old children in India has seen a 70% reduction in comparison with 2000 levels child marriage is reduced 51% since 2000 and 63% since 1990 India has greatly reduced child marriage particularly through legal reforms and programs to educate and empower girls and women and through public awareness campaigns next coming to adolescent pregnancy India has cut teen births by 63% since 2000 and 75% since 1990 this has reduced by almost 20 lakh teen births in India comparing to the year 2000 in 2000 it was 35 lakhs and now it is 14 lakhs now this means that the progress in India alone accounts for nearly three quarters of the global reduction in adolescent births during this period so at the end of the day the report says overall conditions of the children have significantly improved globally from what it was in the year 2000 you know only area where there was no progress or has gone worse is the children who are suffering due to war or conflict or violence and India also has seen a remarkable improvement because of the policies programs education awareness creation etc you can use these statistics in your mains questions related to child policy children child marriages or child mortality or child malnutrition or any other matters that we have discussed with respect to children in this report the displayed practice problems question will be discussed in the last session the practice come revision session now the first question cloud seeding their question is with respect to cloud seeding cloud seeding is an artificial way of inducing moisture in the cloud so as to cause the rainfall now they are asking which of the below mentioned chemicals are used in cloud seeding process now if you observe here one of the chemical is given as sulfuric acid now you would have heard the concept of acid rain see one of the components of acid rain is sulfuric acid the acid rain is very detrimental and harmful and fatal to the entire environment to plants animals and humans so how will one use sulfuric acid to you know induce moisture in clouds so you can logically eliminate sulfuric acid so any or any option that has the statement three should not be an answer for this question so if you do that option a option b option d gets eliminated option c is the correct answer now we saw in our discussion that the chemicals that are used in cloud seeding include silver iodide potassium iodide and dry ice so we are here we have the second silver iodide and fifth dry ice so option c is correct the second question is with respect to tobacco control we have given two statements and are asking which of the statements are correct the first statement states may 31 is celebrated as world no tobacco day by the world health organization now the statement is correct because today every year may 31 is celebrated as world no tobacco day by the WHO to create awareness about you know not using about the problems of tobacco and also to reduce and to eliminate tobacco consumption our second statement says WHO conferred a prestigious award in 2019 to the medical and health department of the Karnataka government for achievements in the field of tobacco now this statement is also wrong because the prestigious award was given to Rajasthan government see whenever you see you see you study such you see some appreciation of a initiative taken by a particular government when some awards are given when when some initiatives are recognized at the global level see this Rajasthan government's medical and health department was comfort this prestigious award by WHO because of its achievement in tobacco control now this recognition was it was one of the five institutes one of the five organizations in Southeast Asian region of W. H. O. being comfort by this award one another institute from India is Vallabhai Patil chest Institute now whenever you and write answers for main exam whenever you have to cite some best practices you can cite these efforts as an example so both the statements so first statement is correct and second statement is wrong if somewhere the second statement had the word of Rajasthan government the second statement would have been correct so the answer for this question is option year one only now this statement is with respect to the report released by save the children a non-governmental organization now they're asking end of childhood index is released by which of the following last year if you see the question paper they would have been asked about the rule of law index which was released by world justice project but this time this question is about end of childhood index so we studied that this index is released by the non-governmental organization called us save the children that is working for education and protection of child rights now UNICEF releases a report by the name of state of the world's children state of the world's children report and Cypri which is Stockholm international peace research Institute is an international Institute independent Institute which is dedicated to research into conflict armaments arms control and disarmament so the correct answer for this question is option B save the children now there is one practice question mains practice question GS paper to some of the bills lapsed with the dissolution of 16th loxaba are with respect to rights of the vulnerable sections of the population and are mired with controversies what exactly are the issues in these bills and suggest the commonalities observed in these bills our 16th loxaba is 2014 to 2019 now the newly elected loxaba is 17th loxaba for this question you can take your answer writing based on today's editorial analysis you may state that some of the bills that are lapsed are transgender bill Sarogasi bill and trafficking bill shortly say that the impacted people are the vulnerable sections of the society for example in the case of transgender bill you may say that the affected are the transgender community in terms of gender minorities in terms of Sarogasi you may say that it affects the rights of sexual minorities in opting for children through Sarogasi in trafficking bill you may say that it affects those who do consensual sex work voluntarily without having the opportunity to take any viable alternative livelihood activities these these are affected these are the people who are affected by these bills now then you add the problems in these bills as we have discussed in the analysis today with respect to the commonalities in the decision-making process we may say that any bill that has to be drafted must have a wider consultation with the affected parties all three bills fall short in this regard and rights of individuals decision and the influence on the state control and domination in each of the matter is one another commonality and vulnerable and the marginalized sections have conducted extensive and widespread protest and with respect to all these three bills extensive and widespread protest were demonstrated by various communities for whom the very bill was proposed and you can add your own views in the making of answer to this question with this we come to the end of today's the Hindu news analysis if you like the video press the like button share comment and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for daily updates on the Hindu news analysis