 The circular economy is an economic model which seeks to reduce waste by keeping resources in use for as long as possible. This can be achieved through repair and re-manufacturing of products, components and materials. Directed energy deposition, DED, is a form of additive manufacturing, AM, which is particularly suited to repairing and re-manufacturing automotive and aerospace components. It offers several benefits compared to traditional welding methods such as lower heat input, warpage and distortion, higher cooling rates, lower dilution rates, excellent metallurgical bonding between the deposited layers, high precision and suitability for full automation. As a result, DED is a promising technique for repairing and re-manufacturing components. This article was offered by Abdallah Sabri, Alberta Aversa, Giulio Marchese and others.