 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, and this is Khanna Girlsford College, University of Allahabad. It is my email ID. And today's lecture is in continuation with the previous lecture of mine, that is the difference between hardware and software approach to educational technology. When we study the basic concept of educational technology, there is the first thing which we have to study is the approaches towards educational technology or approaches of educational technology in which we have to learn three approaches. Hardware approach, software approach, and system approach. So today is the turn of system approach. The lecture may be in bilingual mode and it is an important topic for all. So let's start. First of all, system. We know the system in Hindi as Nikai. And we have to study it in many ways. I mean in all ways, I think. Generally, in biology, we study digestive system, reproductive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, in this way, we study the system. I mean, Rudhira, Tantra, Parisantra, Tantra, Ishwara, Tantra, Pach, Tantra. So Tantra means that there are many such angles which are working together. And they have structure, they have specificity, they have wholeness. These are all the characteristics of the system. So the etymological meaning of the term system is the combination of such things which are controlled and operated by a continually running interaction and mutually dependent processes. If we take a look at it, the system is that, sorry, combination of things which are controlled and operated by a continually running interaction and mutually dependent processes. That means, the processes which influence each other, which influence each other, this is controlled in that way. And what is the system? It is an extensive process that includes many concepts in a systematic manner. Means, the meaning of the system is that it is an extensive process, a process in which many concepts are involved, but they have systematic function, systematic habit, their systematic way. And if we discuss its characteristics, then that is a methodology in a whole. This is a process, it is a method and it is complete, which is a systematic arrangement of different elements. There are many elements in which we have made a systematic arrangement. Their perception is consistent and in which these elements are interrelated and interdependent. And the elements that are in this are interrelated to each other and they are interrelated to each other. Basically, it is a systematic arrangement of elements working in a specific manner. I mean, what can we say in a formal manner that the system is a systematic arrangement of those elements which do a specific or specific work. This system refers to wholeness, interrelationships among parts of evidence and self-regulation. And the meaning of the system is that it is complete, consistent with each other, the elements that are in it, the elements that are in it, and that is self-regulatory. Okay, what is the other system? If we look at its definition, it clarifies that irregularly interacting or independent group of items forming a unified whole. According to the Webster Dictionary, the system is regularly interacting. It means that there is a daily gap between the individual and the interdependent and it forms a unified whole. And what is it? A group of objects related to interacting is to form a unity. I mean, unity is special here. And what is it? An organized or established procedure. It is such a way that it is established, it is well-established and we know that it has to be like this. How does the system define the ACOF? A system is a set of interrelated and interdependent elements. The most important thing is that it is related to each other and it is also interdependent on each other. Thus, a system may be defined as an entity that consists of interrelated and interdependent components and works towards the attainment of certain functions. It is interrelated and interdependent. And it has to earn some work and its whole goal is to earn some work. In the words of Johnson and Johnson, what is the system? It is an organized complex whole and assemblies and combination of things and parts forming together a complex unitary whole. It is a single thing. We have brought some things and made a combination. And we create a unified whole in the same way. We make certain functions that are attained. What is it? How does Alpert say that the system is an object which is related to some activity and establishes a type of integration and unity in that activity. That is, the one reason that it is created will be the same. Okay. There are different components that work. The components that work in this way will complete the work for which they are united together. Okay. If we talk about basic elements of the system, the system in this system is also your computer system. We have the input process output. It is its basic and fundamental. We will put some raw material and we will do some processing and then we will get some output. So what have we done? We borrowed from education from a lot of times from here to there. Concepts. So what have we done? What is the input here? What is the structure? What is the processing? What is the teaching learning process? What is the output? What is the structure? Desirable, behavioral change in the student. This is the output. We want that we can change the system in the way that we want to. But since education is a closed system, it is an open system. That is why the environment is here. How will the environment affect? How will we get feedback? How will we improve? How will we follow up? Okay. It is basic. So what is the input? My input is meant at raw material or things which are used in the system in order to manufacture a thing. The raw material that we have put so that we can make something. What is the raw material? The student's entry behavior. It is what is put into a system. Input refers to the behavior or abilities which are obtained from teachers and students before starting teaching in an educational system. Clear? What is the process? A process comprises of all that by which the raw material used as input is changed into the product with the help of available technological knowledge. What is the process? The raw material that is used in the output is changed into the same process. Input is changed into the output by the process. It refers to what goes on in the system. What is going on in the system? What is processing? Process refers to such activities which help in changing the input and available behavior. What is output? The product that we got together, the end product, the terminal behavior. The modified form of input by the process is called product. The product that we made after processing is the output. Output refers to the behavior for which the entire system was created. Output is the thing that we want and for which the system is made. By environment, by environment is the circumstances in which a system functions. The system when you study there are two types of systems closed and open. The closed one is the input process output. There is no impact on the outside. The open system is the interaction and its boundary is permeable for ease. This education, school, open system is the role of the environment. The environment is the context in which the system works. It refers to the elements of the environment which affect the system. And this affects the system. You know about the system approach. Hardware software software hardware technology in education i.e. computer body software technology of education i.e. program learning material i.e. software technique teaching learning process with which desired outcome system approach is the third approach of educational technology. It is an active planning concept taken from engineering science and automated communication system. We took the concept of engineering science and communication system and we have borrowed it in education. Historically developed during the second world war during which it happened and used in the field of engineering and management and this engineering was used in management and this approach is also term sorry management technology is also known it is used for a scientific study of educational administration and management problems i.e. management and it is used as a scientific study related to management it acts as a link between hardware and software approach. It works to connect hardware and software between system approach. The system approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives i.e. we have problems and we are unable to coordinate all the aspects of the problem and help the system approach by using this approach education education system educational administration and management are considered to be very effective moderate less expensive and insincere i.e. if we follow the system approachév not in small parts but as a whole unity wholeness i.e. thecence of the basic This approach presents a detailed and effective picture of problem and solution. It is a strategy to manage, control and improve the process and products of education. Process care, teaching learning, product care, student. So what is the work of the system approach? In education, it is to manage, control and improve the process and product. System approach to education. We are talking about system, basic element of system, system approach and system approach to education. So if we look at the words of Kul Shrestha, system approach is a concept or educational tool. We read it quickly. We have taken the concept because if you want to write a long version, then it will also help you. System approach is a concept or educational tool which makes educational functions or challenges more successful, integrated, responsive, responsible, logical, systematic, automatic and flexible. That's all. And the logical problem-solving method is used. We analyze each aspect of the educational process. We have pre-determined objectives which we evaluate. And then the analyzed elements are synthesized in order to achieve integration. So everything has come to this. So the rest of the definitions are to be read by you. You read it and you understand that there is no problem. Let's move on. Steps. We share the system approach for a long time. When the long question comes to your theoretical, it asks you to discuss these steps in system approach. That's why it's very special. First of all, formulation of instructional objectives. First of all, we have to understand the goals and objectives. We have to decide what we want and what we want. Why are we going in the system approach? Then what we will do? Preparation of evolution procedure. Then we will decide how we will evaluate. It will be formative. It will be assessment. It will be summative. It will be diagnostic. It will be immediate. Whatsoever. Then identifying input specifications. What is the interest? What is the interest? Which things are you going to study? What changes do you want? This is your input specification. Then determining process alternatives. The process. What are you going to prepare? What changes will you bring? What backup will you keep? What other work will you do? So you will design your process alternatives. And selection of best alternatives. Then you will choose best. If we put this one on it, we will get the best output. Then we will do planning for learning experiences. Then try out. If we do any work, you always know. First try out, second try out, third try out. If you try out, you will actually know. Where there is less, where there is better. And then what will you do? Revision. If we see that there is less, there is no mistake. Then we will revise all the steps. And what will we get in the end? Output. So this is a loss. You have to remember this. Okay. Then advantages. If we do this, then what is the benefit? There are a lot of benefits. For example, it provides a conceptual framework on which to build plans for implementing change in education. It helps to identify the suitability or otherwise of the resource material which is specific. So it says to choose specific. Then it says to choose best. So we search, we think, we work. Which things we will get if we do it. Then we will get the best output. Which we can attain our objectives. It helps to assess the resources needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and other factors. It helps to assess the resources needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and other factors. Technology advances could be used. We are using technology that we are taking the machine, the media, the multimedia, educational technology. So we have to utilize the machine, the media and people for attaining a definite goal. It permits an orderly introduction of components demonstrated to be required for systems. Success in terms of student learning. Everything is something that we have got the best output. What is the output? Student learning is being exercised. And rigidity in the plan of action is avoided. This is not rigid. It is flexible. Why? Because it is trying out. It is re-reasoning. In this, changes are permissible. They are possible. So we need to do continuous evaluation. What will that desire, beneficial change can be made to be made? Okay. If we look at its relevance. What relevance did the teaching learning system approach? So Kaufman tells us that the system approach can be divided in two. Analysis and synthesis. That is, ventilation or ventilation. So what is analysis? Analysis is related to identifying component parts. We have to find component parts and determining the relationships among those parts. And the relationship between the two parts and the whole system. And what is synthesis? Synthesis on the other hand involves the design of a raw system so that the identified problem can be solved. First, we have analyzed which component parts are connected to the synthesis that we can solve that problem. Educationists define the system approach as an approach that aims at finding the most efficient and economically cost effective method for solving educational problems scientifically. In one line, your whole system approach is done. What is our aim? That we can find the most efficient and economically cost effective method so that we can solve the problems scientifically. The system approach provides a framework for all the factors that influence the solution of educational problems or the achievement of the objective. System approach is a rational problem solving method of analyzing the educational process and making it more effective. System approach in instruction is an integrated programmed complex of instructional media, hardware and personnel whose components are structured as a single unit with a schedule of time and sequential phasing. In other words, we can bring the hardware to the media and use the best efficient and cost effective method to solve the educational problems scientifically. So, the system approach is a systematic to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives. So, for the achievement of the objective, we have coordinated the problems that we can solve. In education, this means planned and organized use of all available learning resources to achieve the desired learning objectives. I think you must have understood this concept. Now, the concept of educational technology is the hardware approach, software approach, difference between hardware and software approach and system approach to educational technology. Thank you. Don't forget to like and subscribe my channel