 We are very glad to have you join us this afternoon for this briefing on what environmental action is China taking after us. Obviously there are uncertainties, many questions post the election. The important thing I think for all of us to know is that there are at the same time many issues that we are continuing to face that are ongoing. And through which there are so many people, societies, countries engaged around the world. And certainly in terms of addressing climate and the many facets of that issue are under consideration by governments, by cities and virtually every country of our humanity. And we are just even today hearing information coming back from the U.S. where there are economies that are continuing that will be finalizing their work at the end of this week. And therefore it is, I think, particularly appropriate that we have a distinguished panel with us here today to talk about issues that are important to countries that are working together. Particularly in terms of China, which like the United States is a very large greenhouse gas. They are a large energy consumer and obviously a very large economy. And therefore we all have much to learn from each other and that is an opportunity that we have through engaging in discussions and dialogue with colleagues from other countries both at their national level and at provincial level and at local level. And we are so pleased to be holding this briefing today in conjunction with the International Fund for China's Environment. And at this time I would like to ask the President of the International Fund for China's Environment, IFCE, to come forward and also thank you to us. Thank you. We are pleased to hold this briefing. The International Fund for China's Environment is now out of the blue as you can see. We have been here for a long, quite a long time, this year. We have been here for 20 years now. So many issues from all over the world in China in terms of climate change and transportation. Since the Cold War happened in the climate summit, we noticed that the biggest obstacle in terms of climate agreement is already relying on the U.S.-China collaborations. So after that in 2010 we launched the U.S.-China Climate Roundtable. The first one was the UN Foundation. Since then, we have been every year holding a climate roundtable bringing experts from both sides, same-time experts and research scientists to talk and discuss and dialogue before they head into the negotiation table. So we should help eventually last year's Paris climate agreement. Last year we spent our dialogue roundtable to a local city tour. So we invited experts from the U.S. from here and also state officials from different states, Michigan, Arizona, to travel to China and tour different cities, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Changsha, and the witness and different activities, events about local development. So they are very impressed. So this year we invited people from China, most of them from the local world, from the Chinese Academy of Science to tour the U.S. and learn what's going on in the U.S. and then also they can use their activities to ask the kind of questions and give the keys. So one day they visited Boston and yesterday they had a roundtable with a state government about climate resistance. They had a briefing here with Capitol Hill and all of them headed to Detroit, also the front of Canada. So we hope this kind of dialogue and tour both sides can change what's going on in the local activities. The most important time for mitigation and adaptation is with our local activities. We will have a new bound and there will be some changes, but the local activities will be very important. So we hope that through this kind of dialogue and participation both sides can remember each other on the beauty and challenges. There are beautiful happenings on both sides. So we can build this together and move forward for the local and green development world. So with that I look forward to the presentation of this briefing. We hope this is useful to all of you and we look forward to the presentation and the follow-up discussions. Thank you. Which is here learning about what is happening here in the U.S. as well as American's learning in all of these different cities where this delegation is going, learning about the challenges, the problems and how they are being addressed on the mitigation and adaptation side. Which is all a very, very exciting dialogue and we are delighted to be part of that. So we are hearing today from a panel of environmental professionals that is going to discuss some of the challenges and the progress that are associated with setting the emission reduction policies, how to implement national climate targets at the local level, as well as how to provide incentives for supply chain sustainability and many more related issues. So our first speaker of our panel of three and I want to say welcome to all. We are delighted that you are here with us. And I should also say on the outset that if you have follow-up questions coming out of the briefing today, please let us know and we are happy to work with our partners to try and make sure that we all are able to get those questions answered so that indeed we can pursue this dialogue so that we all can learn more and help each other through these processes of trying to improve the situation at local levels in our countries and around the world. So we will first hear from Jean-Pu and Dr. Tu and I am sorry for pronouncing your name, please forgive me. He serves as the director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment in Longshore. This research body advises national level leadership on science and policy options relating to climate change. His work explores the effects of climate change on populations at a regional scale. The role of urbanization in carbon reductions and as we know urbanization is increasing around the world. And he is also doing work through the planning development mechanism. The business supplies is given by the two presidents of the U.S. and China last year. And we gave a new climate change period after the political reform. We signed the Paris Agreement. My presentation will introduce some information of what China is doing after the Paris Agreement. I will show some slides on the background of carbon emissions. And we know the climate changes from carbon emissions from 1750s. And who contributed for carbon emissions? We know. Yeah, because we are from the fossil fuel and also the big country in the industry. Before 2006, U.S. was the biggest unit. And after that year, China took the position. We are the two important countries of the country. But it's a little different between our two countries. Because we know the GDP of the U.S. is more than China's. But why is carbon emission? China takes the first position. It's the in-touch structure. The anti-structure is very different. And we also will find some other difference between the environment and the life level. In China, the environment for people is lower. And also it's very different between the urban regions and rural areas. Yeah, it's a figure of carbon emission. Also, there are still more than 50,000 people under the core level. As standard, we are back. So many people. And then in China, we will choose also the core task of the China government. So many people from the world. And we will find information from these people. And we developed our economics. But the solution is less in China. Yeah, we will find the PMG.5. We know it's a very big problem in China. When we discuss economics, we want to change our life. People's life or human life. But it's different in the development of the country and the development of the economy. We will find what carbon emission is limited for the people. My research group has such research on how carbon emission is limited. We will also find the main carbon emissions. We are high in carbon emissions. And in China, the amount of carbon emissions is lower. This is from many scientists all over the world. Also, our research group has such research as this. And compared to the other regions, the other regions have carbon emissions. These are not true. But in China, we are high in carbon emissions. But when we discuss this, I mean China will have a high emission in the development of the country. It's different. Because in the past 200 years, the development of the country has emitted so much. But now the style is changing. China and also the other developing countries will enjoy the high level of technology. We will have a different possible. Also, my research group has such research in China for the life carbon emission. We get about 13,000 tons of carbon emissions in China. And we include 31 families. With our research fund, the average level for carbon emission in China is 2.6 tons per capita. And the lowest rate is in anti-permanence. In anti-permanence, it's very low, just 1.3. The highest region is Beijing City. It's just 2.6. Not too high. I just said. In China, maybe we will, the household carbon emissions will rise. But maybe the people will come in. We will find the difference. Between the East region and the West region in China. They think there is the West country and the East country. The Western country and the Western country. Very similar. We will find in China the European region, the Kamei region, household Kamei region is higher than the rural region. And also a little different. Very interesting. And most now in China, the carbon emission for life generally is from the basic demands of life. For example, the high education. And the travel or visiting some other places. The high level carbon emissions is very low. Yes, maybe next time, if the Chinese people, their lifestyle, continue developing, developing, developing. And maybe how we will however change the data. Yes, it will increase. But I think not more than the environment. Another information from the house conditions. In China, the house condition is improved very fast. From this period we will find. And the housing area is increased very fast. But now maybe in under five or two years it will go around with the people. It's making no big progress. And also in China the infrastructure is increased very fast also. The rural way, the waterway, also the flight is increased very fast. And when we will arrive at the peak. I think maybe we can discuss this in no more than a minute. And because the entire environment has set the target, we will arrive at the carbon emission peak before 2013. This picture shows the boundary difference, the difference in China in our, in China. And in the eastern, the central and the whole country. And once the emission is different, and also the intensity and the IR, we have a comparison. We will find its very difference in China. In the east, Japan dissimilar with the development. In the west, and we have high emission intensity. But the economy is low. It's similar with the development. How to deal with the problem in China. From the two years before 1996, we began to set many, so many climate change targets and working plan. And we have a five year plan every five years. From 1996 we do this on the climate change. And so many jobs. And also we get very good achievements. So in the, in the events, five year plan, we get, we arrive at the target. The target is in fact five years. And we will reduce the carbon emission 30% to 20% of the level of 2005. Finally we achieve it, achieve it. And in the jobs, five year plan, we will, we will, we will get the target. And now this year is the open only year of the third, the third five year plan. And this year, the central government, the local government and the main day department will complete their five year plan. So many, I select several of them for you. And they are, we different plan according to their, their target and their main task. And so many. And the main, generally is close on the three aspect. Why is carbon emission reduction? Why is carbon change with silence to climate change? It's kind of stupid. And also we want to have a very high level of cooperation with the world. And the term in the target of the national, but in the next five year, we will, yes, the first task, the target is to reduce carbon in ACP for GDP and to increase the new energy. And also you will carbon in ACP and should separate to realize the carbon in ACP before, before 2030. And we set the target and divided into different aspects. For example, what is the reduction target before, before 2020? And we will reduce carbon emission for GDP to 40% to 45% of the level, well, I'm sorry, 2005. And also to reduce the carbon in ACP to 60% to 65% of the level in 2005. Yeah. Okay, yes, also the new energy, energy is a very good job in China, but we still want to do this very, very good in the coming next, the coming five years and to increase the ratio of new energy to 15% by 2020. And by 2030, we will arrive at 20%. Also we have some other, some other targets to add the energy, energy plan. From last year, the central government began to build China Treaty in 2016. Yes, from this year, good day of this year, all the, all the job is very fast, is going very fast. And next year, 2017, we will achieve to open the carbon-carbon trading city. And before 2020, and we will realize the target that's been going well. Yeah. According to this target, we will, we have also used detailed working plan actions and divide the cost to different departments and want to realize this target before 2020. But this time, we will show the built energy feature of the five-year plan. We will find there include energy, energy structure, also the carbon emission for GDP and also the new energy for proportion. And here is some other solution, targets. This is the reduction target. Also, China government paying more attention on dark issues. It's very important for so big, so big a country and in different cities, different provinces. And the local government said there are dark issues target, according to their conditions. For example, in the state of cities, because they are working plan on the sea level rise and in the energy region, we discussed some other things. In the different cities, they said there are dark issues and effort to the past. For example, in the New South city, they have more people, they will say, they will use the energy level. Yeah, it's very important in China because the city now is bigger and become bigger and bigger. When the before coming and it's very big problem, but now the government notice that we are developing the sports city. Also, this slide shows what we will do on the international cooperation in the coming five years. We want to get more high technology from the development country. We know it's very difficult because yes, it's all the high technology from the company. And in China, also we share our technology to the other development countries. And we will do, I think, in the coming, in the coming, in the new period of climate change, we can do much on the cooperation over the world. Yes, and in China, we are doing the new carbon billows from 2007, we have built two pieces in China. Now, the third piece is designed by MRDC, and maybe in this month or next month, we will release the new piece of the new carbon billows. Yeah, we do many things on the new carbon society, building. Also, so many cities they use their look. And now we are building the new city from central government to local government. We are building so many, so many markets according to different aspects of the society. Also, this slide is the China Carbon Training City which we will do. And the final target is before 2020 and such a city we are doing well in China. So many factories will attend in this city. The city will become the biggest carbon training city in the world. Before this, it's a European-European city. And the final part of my presentation is the carbon mission key of China. In the five-year plan of China, we discussed before 2030 we will get the key carbon mission key. It's very hard job, I think. But it may be easy according to the new technology, new safety, new policy. And now, maybe more than two weeks and cities set their key target by themselves. For example, before your city will be it will get a lot of key in 2018. And most yes, many cities many cities maybe set their target in this year. Then if we this is the cities are promising to release their target of the key. And I think in the end of this year maybe more cities will release their target. And the final target is mentioned carbon emissions reach to the key. South provinces and cities achieve the key in one. It's a second mark. The steps that your country is taking in the end the targets that have been laid out and also the challenges that you are also facing with increased urbanization and what that means for dealing with emissions and making sure that there is housing and health best address all of those issues. So we will now turn to Ling Yu who Ling Yu is the Secretary General of the Gen 3 Supply Chain Association. She holds a master of law from the University of Hong Kong where she successfully organized the very first batch of voluntary carbon and energy efficiency trading in China who has already heard a little bit about the trading issue. She has also participated in a series of large scale infrastructure projects and this year she also undertook the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development's research project on the grain supply chain for the construction industry in China. So this is a very exciting proposition and I look forward to hearing much more. This is about the industry in general without a it is my great honor to be here to have this discussion on my presentation will be online with my provides. Firstly, China's reactions create a huge market market. Secondly, market mechanism is an important value for China to realize religious foundation. Thirdly, chain chain purchase and green development. As you may know, the launching of milestone developments of the Paris agreement 2013 is a major control and growth as well as the APAC leaders that market a brand new era of climate and environment tackling that is more mature and constructive. China actively participated in the presentation of agreements. The new leadership highlighted green development as one of the most important national as one of the five major development guidelines of China for the next decade and introduced a series of important national green national program accordingly. In respect of environment pollution control Ten rows are introduced respecting the global pollution control of the air, water and soil since last year. Meanwhile, in respect of conducting climate change China's intimately determined contribution to conduct climate change instead of like that the rightful achievement made is that content variable, memorable and very variable target are set forth in this kind of plan of trillions and trillions of green development are so creative. For example the EINDC alone will call for investment amount of 30 trillion RMB from 2016 to 2030. Climate change is extremely sophisticated and the traditional administrative members are far from sufficient. China actively introduced market mechanisms in this regard which mainly includes to promote the establishment of half a trillion carbon monies hopefully the national wide integrated market will be launched by the end of next year with an estimated market value of 8 billion RMB China also actively implemented the green procurement for green level products and started green supply chain management demonstration program at city level since 2011. The 35 year frame of the national published this March is the most important documents for national development. Throughout forward green supply chain management established for the first time related national departments also issued a series of regulations to support who are interested in which definitely will inject dramatic impactors for sustainable development. China witnessed a blow out in a green bond since last year in 2015 Asian scale of green bonds in China is 8.9 billion yuan accounting for 3.6 of the world's total Asian scale well to the present. The Asian scale reached 134 billion yuan accounting for 45% of the world's total Asian scale for officials conducting research on bringing the investment and our center was invited to participate in this research program. At the same time related government departments are also actively conducting research on carbon tax in order to provide concrete basis for carbon pricing. I would like to briefly give you a brief on China's practice on green development. It is one kilometers to a southern of Beijing city with an area of 1,000 square kilometers population of 15 million and Tianjin is an advanced modern manufacturing base and financial innovation center of China. Tianjin port is the fourth lightest port in the world and the most critical channel in the northern Asia. Tianjin is also one of the earliest opening up city in China and the third aging of economic growing in China after Shenzhen and Shanghai Tianjin's GDP growth rate has ranked the top for several years recently and the environmental and climate challenge are critical. According to the national 13th five year work plan for controlling green gas emissions Tianjin needs to reduce the emission intensity of 20.5 which is very challenging in introducing market mechanism to address the challenge of climate change. By established the first climate is changed in China and introduced Chicago climate change and is one of the several countries demonstrating the nutrition it is. Hintingly China's government procurement saved energy of 50 million kilowatt and reduced to emissions of 70,000 metric tons by 2012 and in the year of 2015 environmental products totaled 136 billion tons. Tianjin is the first city to start green supply chain management and has developed a city level pilot in steel construction materials a low carbon city construction government green procurement and market services system establishment. The second economic leaders separation in 2014 indoors establishment of APEC operation network green supply chain and Tianjin pilot center the center was launched in June 2015 JECA and Katie has joined the network by now which are two leading environmental research institutes in Australia and Korea. The website of the network was launched and welcomed by APEC and hopefully to be able to link to with official website of APEC by the end of this year to enhance information connectivity transparency traceability among Asia Pacific region. A series of rules guided guidelines and standards have been issued which are first branch of this camp in China a green procurement tool was launched this September in association with the sustainability consultant who developed hundreds of tools for war march Tianjin center launched the first online green feeding system recently together with a leading state owned feeding platform the design and construction of an excellent kiss center is under go in terms of green finance Tianjin center developed a green credit evaluation model in construction industry and successfully built a green credit evaluation system of energy management and contract which was increased by some commercial institute Tianjin released the first rings of action index index of domestic listed companies of real which was all of them are real property development companies together with China national standard institute in some China's vision of inversion of industrial reduction and inventive climate change is early a huge potential market the introduction of various market members offers a limited possibility to attract international cooperation of technology and capital yesterday the meeting of minister of APEC was issued which rigorously comments the progress of the network as two of the most important members of APEC the United States and China may take leadership jointly on the development of network propose cooperation suggestions as set forth below firstly to promote green finance including offshore green fund green investment fund and offshore carbon market integration secondly to facilitate connectivity of green and low carbon data by website link in the link page and information sharing to encourage industry association and cities in the U.S. to join APEC green supply chain network fourthly welcome Delo workshop and the visits of previous types like the today's event co-construct to co-construct co-construct green procurement cross border platform facilitating advanced low carbon and equal protection technologies in the U.S. to inter-Chinese market and also usually we have an old saying old saying in Chinese that when everybody adds form the flames rise high and they're the same sky and the border of the same ocean way upon to work together hand in hand to tackle the change thank you very much once again kind of expectations that we can achieve by working together and these are most interesting models and I applaud your work our third speaker this afternoon is Sinyo who is the senior engineer at the special and environmental engineering appraisal center where she is dedicated to negotiating, implementing and managing regional and for the environmental projects before working at the environmental engineering center she worked as consultant at the United Nations environmental program where she worked on ecological disaster risk reduction projects in Afghanistan Sudan South Sudan, India and Syria all areas of unbelievable challenges so welcome next message in two useful parts reasons to respond to climate policy and to push forward to the air pollution control policy relations between climate policy and air pollution control policy how does China's governmental system respond to the policy as well as policy related to local government from environmental departments because as you know in China it's a little different the environmental departments mainly take the work of pollution control and treatments but for the emission reduction greenhouse gas emissions that is reflected will be the major work for the development and reform commission so my view will be from the environmental part of the view so to talk about the reasons I think I am finding the stress so it's external stress and internal stress external stress that's the role the international role our country which I have is playing in the road as you know the matter from the local control or the Paris climate change we have a temperature control and we also mentioned about adaptation and also promote financial housing to make sure the treatment can be properly implemented so China as you know we have taken like 20% of the world greenhouse gas emissions so this is a huge percentage so we feel we have the responsibility of the nation to take action to the world so I am going to talk about internal stress as you know in the past decades our development mode is very expensive that is why we are consuming our resources and now we are facing the resources shortage and now we are facing severe environmental pollution and transportation and now we realize all of these have become a cycle to fill our Chinese dream so what's our Chinese dream I think from the person just like everyone using here we want the blue sky we want to see food and from macro perspective I think we have the big country in the world we feel we have the obligation to be to take the positive lead to contribute to the world harmony and sustainable development so this is the features in the past I think the five to eight years and you can see the small phenomenon in China's previous series the first feature you can see the aged woman she is wearing a mask and she is still doing the every side of the body every side in the morning and you can see the kids we wear the mask walking in the street and go to school and also you can see the disappearing buildings in the scenes and that's a feature when winter comes and it's still at four o'clock afternoon that you can not see the sky and before I came here my baby it's just like two and a half years old and he also gets his respiratory problems and the very frustrating so the Chinese people know we are realizing we should deal with these issues and this picture I take from NASA and you can see here we can see the darkest red in the road and here this region is Huaxi Plateau and it's part of China and here the dog here is where I come from it's from province it's a clean area that is why when the winter comes and all the pollutants are accumulated and here I would like to share a case study done by University it takes three or five cities in China with these five cities are very very strong representative of this in China here is one and this one is Beijing as we know the capital city of China and Guangzhou where I'm from and why I'm shutting down so these five cities they are expected to be five important economic models and they take over 50% of our country and we have huge energy consumption and all this is the severe effect by air pollution as a spot so the research based on these five cities can provide pragmatic evidence to pollution prevention and treatment so you can see the background from here from the racial pollution status racial severe pollution racial good air quality and average hours of consecutive pollution and you can see my city, Chengdu is the worst, it's not Beijing so we always say ok we should have more attention from the central government that is what the local people is always like I would say asking for and they see the pictures the charts they show the air pollution status in four seasons Beijing has a minimum of air pollution in seasons so like in every city it's all four times the same but here in Chengdu you can see later as real they are serious as I explained because it's a thing and the the pollutants can not come out so now we focus a lot on quality of pollution control as we are talking about today and what we are talking about in the issue of fashion we also feel like for the Chinese people air pollution is a more important than in the issue of fashion but it seems to institute a little bit of counter-objective because when you want to improve when you want to do the air pollutants treatment you have to consume energies so we have to deal with these two issues together that is what we are thinking about the coordinates of control and here I do want to be sure about the energy structure of China because the issue heavily applied on coal as our many main energy and soil resource but I think in the U.S it's the major energy source so I think we still have a huge gap a huge space to make improvements then how can we achieve the goal so now here we have the national policy and once we have the national policy then the outcome of the components will respond to the policies and when we have a legal policy it indicates we have a market there and also at the public we will know what's the focus what's the most attention of the government is trying to do so we will help the government will help the public help the public understand the current policies through certain education so here I will list some laws and regulations issued in recent years but we are just a very few you can see the action count of air pollution prohibition and treatment law of air pollution prohibition treatment also the locality in national air pollution and also the work plan for greenhouse gas emission control in the search and supply to the European and also we have more than this so once we have a policy at the national level how can we implement this is the action plan for the air pollution prevention and health control issued by the state council in September 2013 and you can see here we have 10 actions the high value of life started into emission reduction comprehensive control and the reduced emission in the scope optimized industrial structure industrial restructure and technology transformation improved the innovation capacity also like increased the clean energy supply but all of these pervade at a macro scope macro level but how can we implement so I will take my comments at the example next month's topics so once we have the national level action plan and our provincial government will make the response we will respond to the national plan so we will have the provincial action plan and then once we have a provincial action plan the cities in the province will further respond so we will have the city level action plan and in each city we have many several districts so the districts will respond to the action plan as well so we will have district action plans so like this one this is the provincial action plan for the air pollution prevention and control and you can see this one becomes more detailed it will say okay we will fix that we will do the general control for consumption operate and move out of the health industry we will do that the self-realization the electrification does the move and also we will renovate the home find owner we will do this in cities so it will be like more in detail and then when it comes to the district action plan we will list specific projects such as okay in the city we have these plants they will say okay in these years and these plants must do these kind of improvements meet these certain standards so we should do this with that and it will be put into this action plan the provincial action plan so when it comes to the more in detail it will highlight the responsible unit so you will know who is doing what and then the second he said I would like to share with you I found a comment calling a national eco industrial park this is issued by the general office of industrial environmental protection the purpose of this is to the national eco industrial park to incorporate the theory of circular economy local economy and the eco industry okay we go energy consumption low emission less pollution as foundation to improve energy use efficiency and energy structure to industrial optimization technology innovation and operating actions and I don't know how many of you have been to urban mountain this is a really famous site it's also the world health and natural health site and you can see the view but I have to tell you this beautiful site is only 5 to 6 kilometers away from the urban city but this city is an industrial city and it's major and it's major and it's major economy as you can see the category of building so it really has really kind of pollution so that is why the city realize okay it's very important for us to develop the eco industry that is why they do this eco industrial park as you can see what are the improvements that they are making and then they will once they reach the municipal standards eco industrial park and they will try their efforts to move to the provincial standards and then to the national standards so that's doing their way and this is really new the ecological line red line what we are doing so what is the ecological red line so it's a line we are referring to the areas of major eco function eco environmental systems and the fragility and it's a bottom line for national and regional eco security we maintain security guarantee eco service function and supportive involvement in social sustainability so the eco so the red line will help us verify the maximum consumption of resources to strengthen the coordination of the control of total consumption of resources and the accuracy of consumption so also the red line we have the national red line but like the case needs to fight this we have the provincial red line but they put the same line so now we have the policy level red line and the policy level red line so this is the map of the bottom of the left it's red and so we can see also our way of life which means we cannot develop anymore so we have to protect protect it and I have proved several times if the time is near then we can leave it for the next question so this is I see you can do the characteristics this is another see and this is our architectural region so what the red line protect so they protect grassland ecosystem forestry ecosystem and woodland ecosystem and all this system can contribute to the policy that is why it's very important for us to to follow the red line what we are waiting the red line so at the floor you may ask if you have restrict the provincial development so the national government will provide financial support to the locals so that and this is the master feature I will share with you before I came to the US I came to Tibet and the altitude here is more than 4500 and my colleagues told me like five years ago there was no snow but now we cannot see even now there is no snow so I just want to say that global warming is really happening maybe I know there are still arguments about whether it is real happening whether it is caused by the human behaviors but in my personal point of view it doesn't matter whether we have figured out where the cause comes from we just do what we should do otherwise if we finalize the human's fault that if we want to take ashes until that day it must be too late so thanks for your attention which is very very interesting about the really large areas that are set aside in terms of understanding their whole role with regard to carbon sinks eco services and what that means and then how things are enforced so I hope we are able to discuss this I would like to ask if you have questions please go to the microphone right here in the panel we welcome your questions and if you could identify yourself please basically the Chinese carbon market the credit I issued by the central government and there are two kind of carbon credit one is based on mandatory tax and another company is voluntary reduction because China's carbon market has not yet related to other countries so I think at this stage it is very difficult for Chinese carbon market to recognize the reductions from overseas to be recognized at this stage and also China's market has not yet even linked to the management of green supply chain so we have a long way to go but I think there are spaces yeah I think we need to work jointly to promote this kind of arrangement I think yes there are last spaces I fully agree with you and you had indicated before that a lot of this has been done in conjunction with AFEC so hopefully that also provides opportunities to involve yes and also the technical support is very important to realize your concept I think because the cooperation network of green supply chain endorsed by AFEC provides us potential for future integration of voluntary credit and maybe someday mandatory market carbon market thank you Hi my name is Kevin Allen I'm from the citizens economy of South Africa for the purposes of the first question is China's seven pilots which are commissioned by South Africa are those of you that are interested in the system and what is the role of the system playing a role so in China yes it's a very good question this is such a question I would be asked by three people and in China we know it's a central government city maybe China government said something that's just what city generally it's maybe it's a little complex and we have the central city when we the central government set the target to build such carbon trading city that means so many factories generally factories will attend this with the central government will set a standard for carbon emission and beyond this standard they should attend and here they will create for reduction carbon emission reduction and in the local local government they should they want to co-operate together or more than two environment target and for example climate, energy pollution they meet together that means carbon emission is just a wide part of their local government targets they like the lot do this and the carbon emission and reduce the pollution emission it's yes it's interactive city yeah I have a question this question SR said that on the carbon lives and those seven parts will actually over out here because of grandfather distribution method what are the thoughts on this issue but is that the national ETS carbon emission system can only be considered safe in the next few years excuse me can you repeat your question slower and make sure we can understand you very clearly it's okay I don't have any English person many soldiers say that carbon lives were over evaluated almost every product these grandfather distribution methods what are the thoughts on this issue and what are the ways that the national emission system can only be considered safe okay that's fine that's fine yeah actually I'll answer you he said that Europe's super power this kind of possibility you know carbon control in China just started from maybe 10 years ago and the bases are very big so actually to the best of my understanding China launched its carbon reduction planes mostly rely on the carbon market so there are many issues because you know we have no data record and we are not because the because we don't have this kind of reliable historical data and because of the development of the economy so it's very difficult for I think it's much more difficult than the European United European to allocate their credits so I think at some degree in some degree there are some kind of these issues but we do it and we do nothing we make everybody make mistakes but you can only improve by making mistakes sometimes thank you and that way you will also begin to gather data so that you will establish a better baseline and be able to import it yes but we've had an election here last week in the United States and in the incoming administration as a team we were cooperating with China and as a branch of the problem of Paris climate of course in particular how important is U.S. buying or U.S. cooperation to China's domestic activities as far as fighting climate change and how will that affect China's ambitions going forward if the U.S. does not think China's attitude will affect the U.S. it's very big and because the world changed every day and now China government has begun climate change actions from before we do much and before 2005 we just do the climate change in the science level and maybe also in the energy aspect when the Kyoto protocol go to power, green power and we do many the climate action were fast we built a new CDM in China and from 10 years before our target is very clear climate change is tightly related to many things in China the core task of the China government from the center government to local government development is a very important task but environment is also very important yes in Mr. Liu Ms. Liu's presentation we have found the pictures the photos for the blushing air it's very important for China also from last year we released three plans on the soil air and water it's very clear our environmental target we missed together the targets of the climate pollution and development and we found we can do this if we we mixed together such targets yes if the political changes maybe the U.S. do changes for the climate policy I don't think it's the basic we will be changing in 2001 President Bush said U.S. go out of the political protocol but now from 2014 2014 yes and Obama and Presidency they discussed further on the climate change we opened the new period of climate change and Paris agreement I think opened the new door for the climate affairs and we found the new bright tomorrow change in I think the trend will not change the never add something comments actually we borrowed the concept of carbon trading from the USA and we are persuade China in many occasions China persuaded by the USA and other developing countries to fighting climate change and now we are facing a very interesting situation and I think China has sent a very clear signal China has use greening is greening development as its developing principles so I don't think China will change even anybody else wants to do the thing as they promised but I think the participation of the USA is very important for China because this is the two important economies in the world if the degree of collaboration reduced I don't think China will face greater pressure domestically and overseas to carry out its actions thank you China my question is directly to India and still citizen science has been growing strongly in China over the last few years to where now we have non-governmental organizations working with governments at the district and city level for implementing their environment programs for example Green Phenomenon developed there and do you think that the trend of the Chinese government allowing greater impact to come from some slide from sources that are external to the Chinese government itself is going to continue or do you feel that there's only so much in respect to the environment there's only so much to be done for the government continues to keep on excited thanks for your question I do agree actually as you may all know in China the angels debate they don't have the same free environment as the American angels have but now what I feel is the angels they are still they are finding the that way to do what they want to do and the government is becoming much much much opener than before so I think the government the people like because I work for the government and I think personally I think I have global view and when I become the middle age so you can see I mean like the talent people so we work for the government and our view will change so the whole decision making will get changed as well so that's what I want to say as you just mentioned I think in the coming future the government will much more welcome the angels and other organizations we work together and we contribute to the policy makings and cool question but the research that will be done concerning the carbon tax what exactly is that is that more scientific or is that more of a research into the application good question to the best of my knowledge the ministry are highly involved and take lead in this kind of research it's very serious not at the technical research stage to mainly for resolve the issue of middle and small size enterprises because carbon market more focus on big plants it's my the source of my questions is to have a look back it seems to America it's more of a question whether or not the actual science impacts the past itself not necessarily the implementation of it you have I'm not sure where the public stands China on this issue I really don't know very much about the Senate China ready though understanding of social media generation of millennials people are consensus to America however I think the general public is not so much what is your sense in terms of implementation is that is that something that would be more direct for example in Miami they've already built up roads that would produce the flight in areas along the coastline would you see an issue arising within maybe central in terms of flight for low-lying areas so if you agree on that in terms of projections what exactly is being done in terms of taxation and government information yeah thanks for your explanation I'm not very much involved in that research program you say you're from the Colorado yeah I agree you've obtained my we learned a lot last time this Monday in Boston they do a lot of research on this but in China I'm not come from the research area so I'm not quite sure I think I think I'm from China I'm from originally I think it's a lot enough my name is originally I was from the METRASASA technology which is a funding agency for research and I think if I came here around 10 years ago we already started funding research we wanted climate change adaptation we support some research institutions they can come up with some modelings model forecast the future CE, why is that wrong and other parameters they are we were originally a standard METI institution they come up with standard to reform better infrastructure thanks for mentioning the dykes and the roads and so on and since every government in my department a lot of the standards which were issued by other ministries they need to understand what is happening and then their decision and the standard they were making needs to be based on that so in some the just government already founded research channel and they are working internally in different ministries and they are working together to have better standards to prepare for the future climate change impact impact that takes time and it also works differently as you mentioned in the United States the states they need to have their family resource for the infrastructure in China definitely the departments they need to have their own resource but the central government they have also their family channel they can encourage the government to pay more attention to better prepare than this for the future climate change thank you so much and it strikes me that in terms of thinking about the national plan the provincial plan the local plan that there are many issues in debt would come up at the local area that would then need to be recognized by the provincial and by the national plans and I during the course of the last year just watching the news I have been struck by some terribly damaging severe weather events that have created huge amounts of flooding and the displacement of people as a result of horrific typhoons that have hit various parts of China and all of those things have an impact in terms of local governments thinking about how do we adapt, how do we become more resilient the same conversations that so many cities here in the US are also having which is widening conversations so that we can figure out how we do a better job with regard to our infrastructure is terribly important and can be very very powerful so I want to thank you all very very much and thank you and I hope that if you have additional questions please do ask them let us know and I want to thank a wonderful panel very very much for your being here for sharing your concerns your expertise and now we look forward to hearing about all of the things that you are going to accomplish so thank you