 Good day everybody Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Professor Department Chair. So this is the supinecatever. This is the right side of the face I'm standing on the right side camera person is also on the right side This is going to be demonstration of the muscles and the structures that we can see in this dissected specimen So just to bring up to speed. This is the parotid gland that we have dissected out This is the mesetra muscle This is the buckle pad of fat. These are the facial veins in the facial artery Now let's take a look at the structures that we can see here. We can see these muscle fibers here These are the nasalis fibers. The alar part of nasalis fibers And we can see some more of the alar part of the nasalis fibers here also and we can see the Angular vein which continues as the facial vein is disappearing under that now Let's come to this point where my finger is located This is the point which is approximately 1 centimeter from the angle of the mouth This region is referred to as the modulus. The modulus is a fibromuscular Condensation of the face. It is a cartwheel shaped fibromuscular Condensation which holds up the angle of the mouth and this modulus Receives eight muscles which provides attachment to eight muscles Three muscles from the top Three muscles from below one from posterior laterally and one from medially So what are the muscles that attach to the modulus the muscle which comes from the media side? We can see a little bit of that muscle here This is the orbicularis aureus The orbicularis aureus completely encircles upper lip in the lower lip And it is responsible for percing the lips and this is attached to the modulus here The next muscle that we can see here is this one This is the zygomaticus major which comes from the zygoma and gets attached to the modulus We can see some muscle fibers coming from the top These are the levator anguli aureus and the levator labiae superioris Which also get attached to the modulus from below we can see this muscle here This is the depressor anguli aureus and deep to that We will have the depressor labiae inferioris medially the risorius laterally So we have three muscles from below three muscles from top one muscle from the media side What about the muscle from the lateral side if we look closely we can see this muscle here This is the buccinator and if I press here you can see the mouth is moving This buccinator also Gets attached to the modulus the importance of this modulus is that when there is a facial nerve paralysis All these muscles get paralyzed and the modulus this fibromuscular Convinceation drops down and because of this dropping down of the modulus There's a drooping of the angle of the mouth To continue. What are the other muscles that we can see in this dissection? We can see these muscle fibers here surrounding the island. This is the orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oculi has got a peripheral set of fibers which run from the medial canthus Medial canthal ligament all the way around and goes again back. That is the orbital part This is responsible for tight closure of the eyelid then we have another set of fibers which run under the eyelid They get attached to the medial canthal ligament and the lateral canthal ligament both above and below They are referred to as the palpiparal part. They are responsible for gentle closure of the eyelid like when a person is sleeping Let's take a look at this muscle here little bit of that is visible here This is a very extensive muscle which starts all the way from the front of the chest and the shoulder and goes up And it gets attached to the mandible and it decosates with the muscles of the chin This is the platysma. The platysma is located in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck But it is a muscle of the face. It is an axillary muscle of mastication It helps to depress the mandible against resistance. The next structure that we can see here is this Muscle. This is not a facial muscle. This is the muscle of mastication. This is the meseter The meseter takes attachment from the zygomatic arch and it descends down It's a very strong muscle and it gets attached to the lateral surface of the angle of the mandible where my finger is located Onto the meseter tuberosity. The meseter is a very powerful elevator of the mandible Therefore it helps to close the job. The superficial fibers of the meseter are responsible for protrusion of the mandible. When the meseter is contracting strongly It tends to pull the zygomatic arch down and in rare occasions It can even cause fracture of the zygomatic arch and therefore to counter the pull of the meseter down It is pulled up by the deep temporal fascia which attaches to the zygomatic arch from above The next structure that we can see here is this fat. This is the buckle pad of fat This buckle pad of fat in this particular cadaver is very extensive But everybody has a little bit of fat especially in babies. It is very prominent The exact function of the buckle pad of fat is doubtful though some say it is meant for suckling This buckle pad of fat is only a little bit is visible here It is like the iceberg phenomenon. A large part of it is not visible because it goes deep And it even goes under the zygomatic arch to the temporal fascia Cosmetic surgeons use this for various reconstruction. The next structure that we can see here is this This is the parotid gland. In this particular cadaver We can see this portion of the gland here. This is an accessory parotid gland Which is also referred to as Socia parotidis. This is usually located above the parotid duct or the stensons duct and we can see that and it is giving Communications to the duct. This parotid duct goes across the meseter muscle and we can see that it is going across In this particular cadaver it is going above the buckle pad of fat and we can see it is disappearing in this muscle here It pierces through the buccinator And it opens opposite the crown of the upper second molar tooth. So this is the course of the parotid duct This can be a site of stone or stricture And it is diagnosed by means of parotid Silography this parotid gland and the meseter were enclosed in a tough sheath Which is referred to as a rotidome mesetric sheath It is derived from the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia And it completely encircles both these structures and we have separated them The clinical significance of this is that when there is any enlargement of the parotid gland Like for example parotidis or parotid absis It stretches the parotid sheath And that parotid sheath is supplied by the great auricular nerve Which is the cause of feeling the pain in the parotid region in parotidis So that is all that we can see in this particular dissection. Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. David O is the camera person If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day