 Okay, I've been using this slide for a couple years now. I've been saying something big was coming, something big came, and it was God's help. It wasn't what we were expecting, but it was a huge event and it affected all of us. What were some of the impacts we saw this year? Well, we saw the novel of the virus. And if you look at the current numbers on here, we've had about 28 million cases worldwide. The latest figures as of yesterday, we had 192,000 deaths in the United States. The current estimates is by the end of December 31st, we're going to have about 415, 425,000 deaths. If we extrapolate that out by the first of April, we're going to have somewhere around 600,000 deaths and by the first of May, we may have as many as 750,000 deaths in the United States alone. We had the fastest onset of a recession in US history. We had exploding unemployment, including me. On June 11th at 9 o'clock in the morning, I was a corporate microbiologist with 95 days to retire. I was counting the days down at 9.30 that morning. I had zero days to retirement. I was one of 11 people walked out the door that particular day. Okay, now, about an hour and a half ago, we had these two individuals from the future that were talking about going with the flow. Duck Dodgers, I believe was one of their names and the other one was Dodgers Duck. I think they're twin brothers, but they have different parents. I don't understand that biology, but you know, I mean, whatever, I'm a microbiologist anyway. But these guys from the 24th and a half century talked about going with the flow. In my own particular case, it sounds like a horrible story, except that 36 hours after I got shown the door, I started getting home calls from home advisor on how to run swimming pools. Stop calling me people. I'm getting more work than I know what to do with it. I was going to handle all the calls that I'm getting. I would have to hire four full-time people and buy five service vehicles. I'm busier now than I was on June the 10th. But I'm not floating, but I don't have that corporate BS behind me. And my blood pressure is about 15 points. Go with the flow sometimes. So Duck Dodgers and Dodgers Duck were actually right. You can't predict the future. Just go with it. All right. Little type of that, we've had all of these conflicting statements coming out of Washington and states and counties and OK. We've got the highest levels of civil protest since the 1960s. It looks like one of the summers of 67 or 68 when the city's caught on fire. That's why it looks to me. And how many people in here knew how to use Zoom before about the 1st of March? We've got a 15-year-old next room sitting right over there that's doing remote learning on Zoom and Google Meats and a couple of other applications. School districts down here and toward you are all over the space. Nobody was doing it before. All right. But this is a year really different. Well, I'm about two days away from turning 64. Let's look at the major biological events that have occurred just in my lifetime. Let's see if this year is really substantially different than some of those other big years. 1956, Eero was born with an ongoing decades-long outbreak of polio. That year there were 1,111 cases in the United States. 75% caused permanent paralysis, 36 deaths. Parents were terrified for decades, decades of that disease. 1968, Hong Kong flu. Now, this is not a political statement. That was what it was called at the time. And if you look it up, it will be referred to the H2N3 or the H3N2, I forget which one it is. And Hong Kong flu, a million deaths worldwide, 1,000 deaths in the United States. I was in middle school, 40%. 40% of the kids in my junior high were out sick along with 40% of the teachers. That was the sickest I ever saw my mother right up until the month that she died. That was a devastating influence. 1976, Legionnaires, not that many cases. But it made nightly news on every network, all three of them at the time. But it was a terrorist attack. It was terrified by that. 1981, depression, HIV, AIDS, 65 million deaths, 65 million infections, 25 million deaths worldwide. Ebola, West Africa. 28,000 infections, 11,000 deaths. These are just the major outbreaks in my lifetime. Let's take a longer look at history. Looking back a couple thousand years, in about 530, a plague started in the Mediterranean basin. It lasted 200 years. It killed 100 million people in the Mediterranean and North African area. 1300s, black death, 60% of Europe died. Look at the colonization, the discovery of America. Between 1492 and 1690 to 95% of the indigenous population died from common diseases reported by Europeans settling into this hemisphere. 1846 through 1860, a pandemic killed a million, 23,000 people in Great Britain, 10,000 in London. Spanish flu, that's what it was called. Okay, where did the Spanish flu originate? Kansas, I didn't name it, ladies and gentlemen. The Spanish flu originated in Kansas. But in 1918 to 1920, 50 million infections between 17 and 15 million deaths. So is 2020 really an exceptional year compared to historical outbreaks? By my, this year is just another year of the microbial world doing what it normally does. The new bug has originated, and we are very susceptible to it. Okay, I've used this slide for the last couple of years. It explains a little bit. There's really about three routes of infection that I'm worried about in the body. Contacts to skin. All right, you get wet. All right, these are pretty minor infections, unless they go set to seem like you don't really rate them. Gastrointestinal illnesses. They can be serious if you've ever had norovirus. If you've ever had norovirus, you know it's a serious disease. But most of those plagues that we talked about in the past were airborne. Inhalable proclots going into the lungs causing an infection. Those are the really bad ones. Black death in Europe in the Middle Ages in the 1300s was an airborne disease. A lot of Europeans. Okay, so let's get into some physiology. And this is important to understand how we can control organisms in here. Growth rate has always followed similar pattern. And the limitation of growth rate, there's a couple of factors in here. How much nutrition they have. Temperature is at half. It's the competition from another organism. Waste accumulation. The pattern is unique for each species. But they are consistent given these parameters. And that's where a lot of the mathematical modelers are talking about the continuation of the pattern we're seeing of the number of people. It's based on known patterns in the past, predictable inputs. We're going to go into that a little bit and explain why this can be controlled. All right, let's talk about, you know, if you're looking at Zoom and you're looking here, it's frequent that you're going to see little dogs from through the background. A lot of us have dogs. We've got a dog here in the household. We look at this right in here. And I think I hope you can see my mouse moving in here on here. But the puppy growth rate, the rate of growth depends upon the species of the dog. The bigger dogs hit maturity a little bit slower. The smaller dogs hit maturity much faster, you know, in here. And you can see the slope of the line is how fast that dog hits maturity. So each type of dog has its own growth rate. This is a growth of trees, three different species of trees. The general growth pattern of trees looks like the general growth pattern of dogs. Now it's a longer time period, but it's still a similar shaped curve. Well, this is a little different growth pattern in here. That one there in the upper left-hand corner is the growth rate of a bacteria. And you can see it starts off and it goes, you know, very, very close to vertical. And then it grows up to a certain point and flattens out. That's at the end of the growth period. Now that curve right below it, right down there. And I don't know whether you can see my mouse on the screen or not, but it's like that. This little curve straight below it is the food supply. But you will notice that once the food supply goes to zero, the growth stops. And that one to the left to the right of it over in here is what the bacteria is producing. And so this bacteria is growing. It is taking this thing in the lower left-hand corner and it is making this material over in the right hand. This is a page right out of my PhD dissertation. This is the bacterial physiology of an organism referred to as xymomormous mobiles. And what this organism is doing, it is growing and it is taking this stuff in the lower left-hand corner. It's called sugar and it is making this material over in the lower right-hand corner called alcohol. And this particular organism is known for this compound that it produces. And the compound that it produces, well actually it's the mature that it produces, is known to you as the substance of tequila. And so fundamentally speaking, the growth pattern of dogs, trees, and the bacteria that makes tequila follow the exact same principles. And in this particular case, the important thing to keep in mind is if you cut off the food supply in the lower left-hand corner, the growth, what does that mean for viruses? Like SARS-CoV-2. Well, this is the pattern of growth in the initial part of the outbreaks. It looks an awful lot like the other organisms that we talked about. They're a little flatter. They're a little flatter because we started doing human intervention, we started doing social distancing. We started doing wearing masks. We closed down businesses because we impacted the growth rate. What did we really do? We cut down the food supply so the virus wasn't able to replicate. This is a virus. It needs an energy source. It needs a food source. So what is the food that this virus utilizes? It is a species referred to as Homo sapiens. The food supply for this virus is humans. If you want to reduce the spread of this virus, you have to cut down the food supply. And you cut down the food supply by physical distancing, wearing masks, medical intervention, and vaccinations. Those are the tools that we have readily available. Let's get into a little bit more on microbiology in here. We're not going to get much favorite, but we really have some different categories of what it is we want to talk about. We want to talk about viruses. Viruses are not living. They cannot reproduce on their own. They need a host and there's multiple kinds of viruses on their bacterial viruses. These are the ones that I played with a little bit in graduate school. I don't like viruses. They are difficult to deal with. And I'm going to let other people deal with it that have more patience to deal with them than I do. I don't like them. Really, I've got friends who have done plant viruses and animal viruses. I primarily worked on bacterial, bacteria, and fungi are what I've worked on. And there are more bacteria that are unknown than are known. And a very, very, very, very, very limited number of them actually cause disease. Fungi, you've got two categories. You've got filamentous fungi, but those include the mushrooms that are going out in the outside yard. We had a lot of rain down here in Atlanta recently. And you've got the yeast and those are the single cell organisms. And you've got parasites. Those are the categories that we deal with in microbiology. Right? What's all that mean? Well, now we want to control these organisms. All right, so these are terminologies that we need to understand what they really need to do. A pesticide, by legal definition, and I'm talking about it in the United States and most countries follow the same definition. A pesticide is something that controls a pest. A pest is something that you don't want. That could be germs. It could be weeds in your yard. It could be fruit flies growing around your orchard. It could be armadillos. Whatever it is, it's a pest and to use some sort of agent, whether it be physical or chemical, to control the pest. And there's different ways you can apply it. You can control it. It's a bio stat. Now, if that doesn't kill it, it just renders it, stops it from growing or stops it from reproducing. Some of the bio stats on insecticides, for instance, stop the larvae from going from molting and going to the next stage. They never grow up. They never hit sexual maturity. And so the species dies out because they never hit sexual maturity and they cannot reproduce. Then there are agents that kill. You call these biocides and the categories and there are their sterilents. They kill everything, including humans, if you're using them. There's disinfectants and there's sanitizers. Now, in Europe, I'm going to warn you, in the United States, a disinfectant is a bigger term. Than sanitizer. In Europe, it's the other way around. So it depends on which side of the Atlantic Ocean you're on and whether you're on OECD or UACD, Canadian Guidelines is what these terms need in here. But in the United States, a disinfectant basically kills 100% of the vegetation itself. Most of what we're dealing with in the United States and Canada would be equivalent to sanitizers. The sanitizers limit the number of pathogens on the surface. Then there's antiseptics, the used on skin, and animiotics. All right, biocides are terms that we use on non-living objects. An example of a non-living object would be a float tank. An example of a living object, generally speaking, would be Graham and Ashconn. Maybe. Okay, how are you dealing with it? What kind of mechanisms do we have? So we can stop the agent from attaching to the host. That's really hard to do. We can destroy their integrity. We envision these things as a water balloon. We can use agents that poke little pins in there and they leak their cytoplasmic guts all over the place. And they just kind of disintegrate into this big gelatinous world. Destroy their cytoplasm. We can stop their enzymes. We can stop their RNA. We can stop their DNA. All these you can go into with microbiology and believe me, there's classes that you can take in these things. But we have these options that we can study and we can pick the biocides from how they work to attack organisms in appropriate manners. And this is what my job has been for the last 30 years. All right. We're going to focus on viruses for the next few minutes because this is the most important part for all of our industry right now. There's a different ways that you could do viruses on here. And it's like RNA and DNA and single-stranded and enveloped and unenveloped and it's like who cares, right? Who cares? The thing that really matters for us for maintaining a healthy environment is how they are classified from a regulatory viewpoint. Because using regulatory, we can classify and develop appropriate antimicrobials to enhance public health. All right. Coronavirus is an unenveloped virus. It's that one category. So it's got this coding around here and then there's all group of viruses and have to try to see herpes, have B influence, a pair of influence, a HIV. There's another group called large envelope. Another group called small. Bottom line is, as you go down this list, they get much harder to control. Now, in theory, if you develop an antimicrobial that controls something like hepatitis A and rhinovirus, it's down there in the very difficult to control category. It's going to kill everything above it or inactivate it technically. But if you only develop a product that kills coronavirus, you're not going to expect it to kill rhinovirus or rhinovirus. So in product development, this is what my job has been in corporate for 30 years is working with the marketing department. What claims we need to make on the product we want to sell and then figure out the chemistry we need to do it. And then develop the product and verify that it works. So we have our structure, and this is our marketing targets that we would develop. Now, why is all this important? But on the left over here, the naked virus, it's got this brown little dots around there. That's a shell of protein. It's really, really tough, really, really tough. And so that is a small naked virus. On the right side, you still see that brown hexagon in the middle of it. But it is surrounded by an orange area with the little blue dots on the outside. Those little blue dots on the outside are the spikes on the outside of the shell. And if you can see the pictures of the coronavirus, it has spikes on the outside. So that is a diagrammatic example. But a coronavirus might look like if we did a cross section of it. And if we want to destroy the envelope around it, we use something that just civilizes the envelope. We just civilize the envelope and it gets wiped out. And if it doesn't have those little blue dots around it, it cannot attach to the cell. It's just that simple. So we make a formulation, put it in the lab, test it, destroy the envelope around it. And now we make a naked virus and suddenly coronavirus will not cause disease. That's the theory behind viral control with coronavirus. Develop something that either hits the heart of it or destroys the outside shell. So let's talk about coronavirus. The disease that we're currently encountering is called SARS-CoV-2. That is the proper scientific name for it. Again, you can see where it comes from. It's severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2. Vibrologists are not quite as clever as some of us bacteriologists. We have a little bit more clever name to come up with. Junus and species name, but they have a different naming convention and virology. So they named it this way. What's SARS-1? SARS-1 was about 15 years ago. And that was the one that we really thought was going to cause a global pandemic. It's in the same category because it's a coronavirus also. But World Health Authority decided that this one's going to be called SARS-CoV-2. What's COVID-19? That's actually the name of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. And all right, remember the coronavirus? All of us have had other coronaviruses. They are one of two viruses that cause common colds. There are many, many, many, many other coronaviruses in nature. It is an envelope virus. One thing I'm going to say at this point. There was internet trolls going around and started saying at the beginning of this, that this was an engineered virus that was made in a laboratory in Wuhan. Those are internet trolls that have absolutely no basis in scientific fact, stating things like that. It is relatively well known by anybody in the microbiology world. That's credible. This was probably a wild virus. We've seen viruses like this. Go back and look at those first couple slides. This is a natural virus that caused the normal barrier of the human population. Okay, so how long is this virus going to take around? Well, there was a study that came out in not a late March or late April. I can't remember exactly when the study came out. So they studied how long the viral particles would survive on various services. And they published two different ones. And the full references are fascinating. I suggested I put you to sleep in a heartbeat. All right. What we want to look at is the three law of reduction rate. Well, they didn't study how long the aerosols would survive. And we talked about sanitizers doing a 99.9% reduction, because if you can do a 99.9%, which is the same as three logs, you've reduced the infection level to where you're not likely to catch the disease. Well, they didn't study aerosols, but they did study copper. And so if you put viral particles on an untreated, cleaned copper surface, the viral particles will lose infectivity in less than four hours. So if you want a self-sanitizing surface in your float center, build everything out of copper. Yeah, just try to keep that clean and keep that from oxidizing when you're dealing with 30% magsulfate. Yeah, right. Not gonna work. Okay, good try. All right, but cardboard, the virus lasted 24 hours on cardboard. That's where the story came from. If you got a box from Amazon, just set the box design for 24 hours. And the viruses will inactivate naturally. That's where that came from, is this particular study. On stainless steel, the viruses are viable for 48 hours, on fire for 72 hours. What's it mean? The longer viruses are on surfaces and viable, the more likely it is that you're going to be able to pick them up. But these were studies that were done under controlled laboratory conditions, typically between 40% and 60% relative humidity at about 25 degrees centigrade. What's the relative humidity inside of a float room? Is it between 40% and 60% fire? It's the temperature. It is likely that the viable time, viability retention of the virus particles inside of a float room will be longer than what you see down here. Does that really mean anything? Anyway, it's Ashkan. Yep. We're losing a little bit of your audio. If you maybe like get a little closer to computer or speak a little louder, I think we'll be able to hear you. Okay. How's that? Yeah, a little bit better. That's perfect. Thanks. Thank you, Doug Dodgers. Okay. So what's that mean? What that means is that this is a respiratory virus. And to get it, you've got to get it from the surface into the respiratory lining of the nose or even deeper into that. And so if you are touching surfaces and then you were touching your face, you are likely to spread it. But current studies indicate that perhaps less than 5% of the infections are spread this way. So that means surfaces inside of a float room or inside of a float center or in the lobby are not likely to be the primary sources of infection. So we're going to talk about disinfection in there. But disinfectants and how you disinfect are not the critical factor for the control of this virus. All right. So let's talk about disinfectants. All right. There's a variety of disinfectants you can use. You can use different kinds of alcohol, ethanol, isopropanol. You can use quaternium ammonium compounds. And if you look at the white, the wipes from the chlorox and lysol wipes that we used to get are the spray bottles. If you look at the label on there and it'll say some big fancy word like outfield, dimethyl, benzolammonium chloride. And we shorten that down in the industry down to advax and now we just call them quads. And so these are the traditional wipes that we used around our kitchens and our bathrooms area in there. Then you've got sodium hypochlorite bleach. But how old is the bleach? Bleach decays. If you've got a bottle of bleach that's sitting around more than 60 days, it may have as little as half of the concentration than you thought it does. So don't use old bleach. And then you've got hydrogen peroxide. These are the big four that we could be used readily to disinfect. These are the chemical agents. We're getting the chemical agents in just a minute. But let's measure how fast we can kill these things. And we use these values called CT values in there. And it's a concept. If you've been through a CPL class, you've seen this before. And the two factors that determine how fast you kill something are really the concentration and the time. And so you can either increase the concentration or you can increase the time. So if you want to use a faster kill of bleach, you can make a stronger solution of bleach. But if you're using something that's ready to use like a spray bottle, you can't make it more concentrated. You use more time. So these are the two variables that you can use is concentration and time depending on the type of products that you've got. All right. What does the literature say about these four agents? Well, if you use 78 to 95% ethanol, you get a three log reduction in 30 seconds. That is darn good. If you use isopropanol, 2-propanol between 70 and 100%, 30 seconds. If you use quats, those are the sprays and those are the wipes. 2%, 0.2%. It takes 10 minutes. Sodium hypochloride, bleach solution. That's a very dilute bleach solution. Normally the bleach we buy is about 5%. Sometimes it's much as 8.25%. So you've got to dilute the bleach down to get this. But bleach is very effective in hydrogen peroxide. A lot of you are using hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide for this organism is very, very good. But this is a general summary, and it may not apply to any one product. Okay. So many of the articles that the articles that just cited in there use mixtures that you cannot readily find. So now you're stuck using what you can find. How do you know you are not wasting your money? Or wasting your time. How do you know that? Well, this is the part that you've never seen me give before, because this is a very detailed explanation of how to read an EPA label. And if you think this section is exciting, you need to get another life because this is very detailed. But this is information that almost nobody outside the manufacturers knows how to do. All right. Here's two products that are readily pulled off the grocery store. Probably months ago before they got hard to find. I anticipated this outbreak getting bad. So I started talking up on this material on here. So I'm set here at home, but if we look at that, you got the front label on the left, and you've got the back labels on the, on the right side. And if you look down there, that Lysol, it says on there, if you get really close to your screen, it says kills 99% of viruses and bacteria. And then you look at that Clorox label, which says kills 99.9% of viruses and bacteria. But if you look carefully at that yellow label, just underneath that 45%, kills germs for a deep clean. There's two asterisks. Anytime you see an asterisk on a label, you better start reading pretty quick because there are provisos that may not be exactly what you think they are. But let's take a closer look. Now we're going to do something that's really, really, really, really, really radical. Okay. I mean, we're going to read the direction or use. How many of you have ever read carefully the direction is for use on some of the disinfectants in your shop? From my experience in the pool and spa industry, maybe 5%. Okay. The general claims are on the front. More detailed claims are on the back. And if you look at that top section up there, cuts tough grease, deodorizes, removes soap scum, kills 99.9% of germs. There's the asterisk. And just below that orange and just above the directions for use, it says kills salmonella, enterica, E. coli, 0157H7. Pseudomonas or Reginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, avian influenza, H1N1, herpes simplex, 5123, on hard non-porous surfaces in two minutes. Didn't say a word about coronavirus, did it? Well, will this kill coronavirus? There is a way to look it up. And that's what we're going to go through. But the directions, we're going to go back through the entire label before we get to that in here. It's the directions for use. It tells you exactly how to use it. It has precautionary statements. Do not mix with bleach. Do not mix with an oxidizer. Store in a cool place. Read those directions. They are critical for storage. First aid treatment. It tells you what to do if somebody drinks the material. Storage and disposal. And right down there in that regulatory section, if you get real close to your screen, you're going to see these little magic words down there. The third line from the bottom, it says E-P-A-R-E-G, period. N-O colon 777-66. Real exciting reading, except that gives you more information than you could possibly ever imagine. I am a professional data miner of other people's products. I can find out more from that information right there than they really want to give away. And this is where we get into telling the personal stories about legal corporate espionage and how we pull it off against other companies. Okay, prior to getting a registration, you've got to do a whole bunch of testing. You've got to do animal testing. Yes, we are required to do animal testing in the United States. We're moving away from it. It'll be another five to 10 years before we're moving away from it. These products are tested on a limited number of animals. You have to do efficacy testing. And efficacy testing requires against target jurors. You can either do this in-house or you can contract it out to what's known as a contract research organization. I've done it both ways. For the last five years, prior to June 11th, I will say that my job was to run these contracts at other organizations. So I was the one that signed all the contracts. I was the sponsor in every bit of communication from those lands and across my desk. I helped develop the protocols and monitored the studies. Every communication was in my files archived for the next 100 years. Testing records have to be in very, very, very thorough. Not only the labs, but the sponsors like mine have to be in an independent QA. Every record from that lab is submitted to the US EPA. It is very thorough. And if you want to put on the product label, marketers kills coronavirus, you have to specify exactly the words you want on it. If you want to say best product ever made, you have to ask permission from the US EPA to do it. I've spent 30 years arguing with marketing departments saying the EPA will never, ever, ever, ever let you say that. Say it this way. My record of getting products through the EPA is about 100%. I've had to go back and fight a lot of terminology that somebody in marketing department wanted to make. I'm about a third successful getting back because a lot of claims that you want to make in marketing are not affordable for the science that you have to do. Okay, so after you have done all this, you've made your product, you've done all your studies, then you submit it to the EPA, and then you wait for 14 days to find out whether they're even going to read the package and after that they have five months to give you an opinion. You are now 18 months into a product. And if you're making a very, very, very, very, very simple bathroom cleaner, or a cleaner that would clean the tile line in a float tank, the toxicology and regulatory studies for, say, four bacteria are going to cost you $100,000. If you want to go back and add a fifth bacteria, that's going to cost you another $10,000 later. So you make all your claims upfront. And you do this. You are 18 months out from the day you start. Then you have to go through state registrations. It is a very long, complicated process that involves more paperwork than you could possibly ever imagine. So what kind of tests do you have to do? Well, they're specified in the Code of Federal Regulations. And if you want to make a hard surface disinfectant, you follow this guideline here on the left. It is called 810-2200. If you want to make a sanitizer, you can follow 810-2300. Now, you don't have to follow these things exactly. Of course, then the US EPA doesn't have to give you what you want. In other words, you follow them precisely. And if you have any issues, you negotiate with the EPA before you ever start, or you get nothing after you've already spent $100,000, some pieces, $400,000. Trust me on this. I have been down this road about 30 times. Now, this is all leading up to something very important. You know whether a product works. All right. There is a thing called emerging pathogens list. This is what we're in right now. The protocols that we develop in microbiology for the germs that we know today. But germs pop up like SARS-CoV-2. And if we decide that it is a public health emergency and the CDC and the EPA have a conversation on that, then they say this is a public health emergency. And they say what information do we have on our current products that would allow us to use our current products and feel confident that we can kill this new or control this new organism. So they use an emergency authorization under the emerging pathogen. And say, down here on the middle, let's say it's product X. You've already got data on it. And it kills E. coli 0110. And suddenly E. coli 017, 0157 popped up. The EPA would say, well, if you kill this E. coli, you're likely to be able to kill this E. coli. So they're going to say, yes, okay, under emergency authorization, we're going to let you claim that organism. But if you were killing E. coli, and suddenly we decided pseudomonas was the baddest guy on the block. The EPA would say, hell no, you're not going to get that one. You've got to go test it. All right, so what do we know about coronavirus? Well, we know that there are four primary coronaviruses there that really down there are really exciting names, and virology likes to use like 229e NL630C43HKU1. So a lot of products have already been tested against one of these coronaviruses. So if a product is already been shown to test against one of these, it's going to be automatically under this branded permission to kill SARS-CoV-2 under the emerging pathogens list. Or if it has been shown to kill something more resistant than coronavirus, like a small non-onviral virus, it's going to get under emergency authorization. There were internet trolls in the spring when Lysol came out and said, we can kill coronavirus. And internet trolls said, hey, Lysol already had this on their label. Therefore, we believe that coronavirus was a man-made virus and it was released to the population so that people could sell more products. I have two words to say to that, and I want to be very careful about the words that I select. Bullshit. Lysol had tested the products. Clorox had tested the products on human coronavirus for decades. We knew about human coronaviruses, but when the emerging pathogens list came out, they used a process which was well-established for 15 or 20 years at the EPA, and people were granted emergency authorization. And that emergency authorization is called List-in. And if you want to look it up, there's the link right on the screen. And there are PDFs of these slides attached to this particular workshop. So you can get back into Pathable. You can load this whole thing down there. You can have all the references, and you can use this as a tool to look up anything. So you can look up what has been approved using List-in. It's all public information. There is nothing being hidden here whatsoever. There is no hidden agenda. This is public information. And so there are hundreds of products on here. You can look up the EPA registration number, the name, the product name, the company. You can look it up. But it doesn't give you details of the product. So that is why the most important thing that I'm going to show you is the next part. And that is exactly how to use that information. On that label, you have to be able to identify who marketed it. You have to have the EPA registration number who has to have where the plant is produced. If you're doing market intelligence, that label gives you... When you look at the EPA registration number, that top bullet point over there, it usually says something like, U.S. EPA Gradge number, and it will be some number, either a three-digit or a four-digit number, followed by a hyphen, usually by a three-digit or a four-digit number. That tells you everything you need to know. If you find a A, A, B, C, C, that means they copied a formula under license and it bought the rights to use it. So they didn't make the product. It's a sub-registration. And the A's are the company number. The B's are the product number, and the C's are the sub-registrations. This information tells you huge quantities of information. All right. Why is this important? Well, if you put on your product, you kill coronavirus. That is a claim. And if you're claiming something, you must have a registered product, but it costs money and time. Not every company is honest. And a lot of companies make implied claims. And they're making implied claims and they're saying, control this or control that. And they're using wiggle words. If you are looking at a product and you cannot immediately find a US EPA registration number and a common or an equivalent number in your particular country, stop right there. You don't know what the product does. Right now, there's hundreds of products that are under suspicion in the United States because they're making bogus claims. And if you find in the United States, if you find a product that says kills or control biofilm, run. Currently, I believe there isn't one product and you will never see it in this industry. It's used in the dental industry. If you see the word biofilm used on any product in the United States, it's almost guaranteed. I'd say 99.9989. So that is a bogus product. Okay. So now you know how to look at the numbers. Well, you know where to get the numbers. Now we're going to use that number. And we're going to use a product called the National Pesticide Information Retrieval System, which is run by the Purdue University under contract as EPA. And you're going to be able to find everything that you ever wanted to know on this product. Use this. You're going to look at the master label. Now the master label is just really broadly a Clorox label for bleach, maybe 50 pages long. It's going to have how to disinfect eggs, how to treat a water well, how to disinfect laundry, how to disinfect a swimming pool. So it's going to have multiple uses. So you're not going to get a 50 page label on a bottle of bleach. You're going to get what's called a market label because it's consumer friendly. And so you're going to be able to look up that product and get the master label. And every time a company wants to change a claim, they have to go back to the EPA. And I mean every time. Now some changes are minor. You can get away with many changes on major. But how do we use in Pearson all the information we got? I warn you, this was not the most exciting presentation. Trust me, it does get better. All right. When you use in peers that pops up like this, if you're going to get a page like this, screenshot directly off, it took like Wednesday or something like that. This is the in peers page. You can look up that EPA registration number. You type that number right off the bottle right in that box and you hit the word. You type it in there. The little box down there says search. You hit search and that pops up. This product. This product. Made by the Clorox company. There's the mailing address. The date approval on that is August 28, 2002. That was the original approval date. There's the product manager at the EPA. That is his phone number. All right. And then there's the percent active and there's that. And then there's the actual benzolamonium chloride. So now you know what that is. Doesn't tell you a whole lot, right? Now you got to get the master label. Click on that little EPA symbol up there. This page pops up. You want the most current label. May 29, 2020. Is the most current label. This product is gone. There is the label. That is the official letter from the US EPA. And it's really exciting reading in there. It says something like, um, that last sentence is like the anti microbials division has conducted a review of this request for its applicability under P, uh, are in 9810 and finds the action requested calls within the scope. Um, in other words, The EPA gave him what they wanted. But it took a month to get it. You scroll down a little bit. There's the, actually the master label. The product name is actually Clorox Everest. But on the bottle that I bought at Kroger, it said Clorox Centiva. Multi surface cleaner. So the market label is different than the master label. Um, for the last five years when I was at bio lab in the household division, we made, uh, I don't know, a half a dozen different formings of bleach, a couple of different household disinfectants in here. And you never want to really give away your product name, what you're really doing. So for the last few years, we used super sorrows from the Marvel Universe. And so all the products were named after minor super sorrows of the Marvel Universe. We had a guy that was an expert on it. And so we'd go to him and say, Hey, we need a product that's doing this. And he'd go, Oh, we're going to name it after this character. We're going to name it after that character. We're going to name it after that character. Well, and I worked for Biolab kick for seven years in here. And we were known as a fast follower in the household disinfectant business. Everything Clorox and Lysol did. We knocked off of it because when you'd go into Walmart, this is where the industrial lesbian stories come in here. And this is how industrial lesbianage works. And so Walmart would go to these major manufacturers and they would say, we want a product that does this. And they would say, okay, then Walmart would call in our buyers and say, well, we're going to get a product that does this from Clorox or Lysol. They wouldn't tell us what Clorox and Lysol would be doing, but they would tell us generally what they want. So we had to work in series with them. And Clorox wouldn't tell us what we're doing. Lysol wouldn't tell us. So we had to invent a product that we thought was going to be identical to theirs because when Clorox or Lysol puts a product on the market, right next to it on the shelf, Walmart has a generic brand. It's not made by Clorox or Lysol. It's made by a cheaper company. And that was the division that I worked with. And we had to have our product on the shelf the same day. We could tell from the background what they were doing. Usually that because of the public information systems that we're showing you right now, this information is publicly accessible. If somebody files something at the EPA, you can kind of get your hands on it and figure out what it is. Unfortunately, one time Lysol put out a product that they didn't really figure it out. And the name of that product was Spy. It took us 18 months to come up with a product. They hit it very well. This goes on all the time. It's an industrial sabotage, industrial espionage, not sabotage, of knocking off products. Companies make millions and millions of dollars doing this. When you go through the label, you can get, it takes, this is the actual wording that you can see on the label. And if you see down here on the lower middle of the right-hand column in there, just below the yellow kills certain viruses 30 seconds, kills cold and flu viruses, kills the coal by or salmonella. There's wording in here that gives you the information that you can read through there. And you can verify whether the claims that you're seeing are actually important to you. Okay. The general summary on this and we've got about six more slides or something like that. For germs with membranes, quats and alcohol are your primary choices. For non-envelope viruses, it takes longer and higher concentrations. If you're dealing with rotavirus, not a big concern unless you've got kids coming into your float center because kids get rotavirus all the time. You need to use a more disinfectant. And if you've got kids and you go into a pediatrician's office, you're going to come home sick because they do not disinfect pediatrician's office as well as they should. If a label says kills 99.9% of germs in 30 seconds, it does not mean it kills all germs in 30 seconds or all germs. You need to read the detailed label to see if the product works for you. Okay. Under directions for use, it's going to tell you exactly how to use the product. Do you need to pre-clean a surface? Is it an all-purpose cleaner, a heavy-duty cleaner? Do you need to pre-clean a surface? If it says pre-clean a surface, pre-clean a surface. Is it a ready-to-use product? This is a question that I got last year at the float conference in here. Somebody hadn't read the label, and they were taking a household product. It was a came in a trigger bottle. So it was ready-to-use at the right concentration. And they couldn't get enough distance out of that bottle. And so they were diluting it in a bucket of water. So now they were diluting that probably 101. That means it was a hundred times, it was at 1% of the concentration that should have been at. When we talked earlier about, you know, you got to have CT concentration at time. That young gentleman was absolutely wasting his time and money. If it is a ready-to-use product that comes in a trigger bottle, do not dilute it. If it is a concentrated product, it will tell you how to dilute it. All right. Let's talk about dilution. If it says, for example, add one cup of product to one gallon of water, you add one cup of product to one gallon of water. You do not pour a shot in a bucket of dirty water and apply it with a rag that the dog chews on. I have seen it done. That is not the way you're going to be killing or controlling the health of your system. They are tested at very specific concentrations. It's not that difficult. Follow the directions on the label. Six more slides. Didn't I say that earlier? Oops. UV kills by crossing. That's enough about chemistry. Let's talk about physical systems because some of you, I know we're talking about UV systems. How do you use UV? Well, the light must shine on the germs work. It must be bright enough. In other words, it must impart enough energy. And it must shine on it long enough. Again, it has concentration and time. If the germ is shielded by debris or the bulb is past its service life, how long did the instructions on that bulb say it's good for? Did it say it's good for $400 or $500 or $1,000 or $3,000? If you are using it past that lifetime, you are wasting your effort. It may not be working. And once really bad, UV systems are not nearly as regulated as pesticides. And so there are numerous products on the market. The little UV systems that you wave over your keyboard, but it's supposed to disinfect your keyboard. My suggestion instead of putting the money into those UV systems that you wave over your keyboard, is I would save the money and go out and get a chai latte and a croissant. You will get more out of a chai latte and a croissant than those damn cheap crap pieces of crap that they wave over your keyboard. All right. Transmission and a float tank. Specifically talking about SARS-CoV-2. All right. Yes. About 14% of the clinical cases show gastro-test analysis. That means somebody is kind of flying this germ in VCs. And even with a pre-float shower, some VCs is going to be introduced into the float tank. But there are no studies on transmission in float water. But we do have 40 years of data on pools and spots. Now in pools, vehicle transmission is a major issue. 40 years of data on spas show that there is zero documented cases of gastro-test number, zero. A float tank is in some ways similar to a hot tub. I have zero concern about the transmission of this virus in float solution. Let me repeat that. I have zero concern about the transmission of this virus in float solution. Let's talk about masks. These are the medical grade masks. Now the only ones that we normally run into are the N95s and the surgical masks in here. These are the two and they're very hard to get. How good are they? The N95 reduces transmission of about 95%. And the surgical mask is about 80% effective. These are the best ones. And since all the N95 masks are being diverted to healthcare, we're kind of stuck at this point with the knockoff, KN95s and the surgical masks. This is the ranking of the order. Positive air supply masks. Now we saw these in Italy and these are the plastic heads that went over their complete head. And then they had an air supply line. Sometimes they had an oxygen tank packed up to the back. So it was a positive pressure. And so it was pressurizing so no germ got in their head. But if they were not wearing a mask underneath that, they were exhaling and if they were asymptomatic carriers, they would still be spreading the germ. So they work to protect the individual, but they may not protect the person next to them. So that means for general purposes, the gold standards of the N95s. And the KN95 is a Chinese version without a vent. We're going to get to the vent issues in just a minute. Assuming that you've got a quality version of KN95s. I predicted this was going to happen. I ordered mine in late February. Even at that point, it took about three weeks to get them. So I have about a hundred KN95 masks on hand right now. All right, the next best mask you'd have is a surgical mask. Below that is the multi-layered cloth mask, preferably three layers. Below that's the single layer, the bandanas. Below that's the neck gaiters. Anything below that red line has limited effectiveness. So if you were using a bandana or a neck gaiter, you're probably doing nothing. As a general rule, if that mask is leaking, it has reduced effectiveness. If you're wearing a mask and you're wearing glasses and your glasses are fogging, your mask isn't fitting right. If you're wearing a mask with a vent, it lets you exhale. But it also means if you are a carrier and you're exhaling, you are exhaling infected particles. So in a mask with a vent protects you, but it increases the exposure of people around you. The virus won't grow on the mask, but it will remain infected for a couple of days. And if it starts turning a little bit funny color, it's probably because you've got a little bit of mucous and bacteria growing on the mask. They're designed to be a limited use mask. All right. We're going to switch gears for just a minute. I also happen to be sitting on the float tank association and we're developing a database that has a bunch of this information that will be available to you. We're still developing it. I'm a little bit behind on getting some of this done. It has something to do with changing careers about doing the 11th and suddenly running an entire field program on pool. So it's like, I'm a little bit behind, but through the float collective and through the FDA, you're going to hear a lot more information. And my goal is to try to make this website a clearing house where we can all get information back. All right. A couple of points. Terms are everywhere, including in you and on you. There's almost no environments without you. Your health depends on having the right kinds of germs. And when we create artificial environments such as float tanks for health depends on managing the interactions of the germs, the environment, and your own interactions. We manage. Here's my thoughts on the float tanks. Infected that asymptomatic person using the float tank, the air is likely to harbor infectious problems. The virus may linger in the air for a number of minutes. 15, 20 minutes somewhere in that range because of the humidity. The particles will be large and they will drop out. The surfaces may harbor infectious virus, but the risk to the next person is very small. If the staff is wearing a suitable mask while cleaning and wearing the mask properly, the risk to the staff is small. Overall, the risk to the general floating population is small, but there are populations we need to make special precautions for. Anybody over 60? Really if they're over 70 and really if they're over 80. If they are immunocompromised, if they are currently going through chemo or radiation therapy, if they have preexisting medical conditions, HIV, if they are smokers, if they're diabetic, if they have heart disease, if they have blood pressure, they are an increased risk. This is an individual decision as to whether or not they should be floating, but the general population is relatively at low risk for a floating environment. I think this is the last slide. Life is a series, continuous series of risks. Picking a spouse, driving a car, while there are other people from the same room, starting and running a business, eating strawberries from a grocery store. Yes, I do all of these things. These are risks that we accept. This virus will be with us for many more months or more likely years. That is the latest news. We do not expect to get back fully into a fully recovered situation probably until the first quarter of 2022. We're likely to start getting vaccines that are widely acceptable around the first of April next year. It will take months to develop a population. Remember we talked about being able to cut off the food supply? The way you cut off the food supply for this virus is called herd immunity. That requires vaccinations and pre-exposure. Those are the two ways we're going to limit this vaccine. We're going to limit this virus. Our knowledge in transmission prevention is increasing rapidly. The end of this pandemic depends on two different inputs. The natural evolution of the virus and how we apply our knowledge. This is what we can control. How we respond or whether we respond at all. There are all of the information on here. That was the end of my presentation.