 Good morning everybody, I hope you can hear me. Hello, my name is Kilian Clifford and I am the moderator for today's session. Now I'm just going to try and share my screen here with you. So welcome everybody to the ASPR summit here in Dublin or virtually as we are all joining it. My name is Kilian Clifford and I am the host for today's session. Now we have today, so I'm just going to stop sharing my screen because it's not working well. We have today a session on the ASPR philanthropy called Time, Talent and Treasure. So philanthropy is often defined as private contributions for public good. And we see it most obviously with large entities such as, say, Bill and Linda Gates Foundation or the Open Society Foundation. For philanthropy is more than just the provision of financial resources. It's about the three T's of time, talent and treasure. And here the ASPRs have a rich history in philanthropy whether it might be through mentoring, which is time, skills transfer, which is talent or indeed financial support, which is treasure. And through philanthropy, the ASPR has become important actors in sustainable development whether it might be at home or abroad. So today's session will examine this role more closely and explore some of the key trends and models for success. And from these learnings, action will take place for key stakeholders in the area of the ASPR philanthropy will be provided. And the output from this session will feed into the output document for the summit, which is known as the Future Agenda Document. And to facilitate that, we have a action packed agenda. In a moment, I'll be handing over to the session host, Kingsley Aiken of the Networking Institute. Then we'll have a TED Talk video from Almaz Negash of the African Diaspora Network. And we'll also hear from Jean Sanjeev, Josie Poura of INDiaspora, followed by an interactive session where we invite insights from you, the attendees, based on questions. We will be sharing some real questions with the members of the Diaspora. If you have been working since Zoom in the last year, you certainly know this platform very well. The session will be recorded. The microphones will be off, except of course the orators. We will ask the orators to stay as planned. The translation of the interpretation is also available by the bié of the little planet that you see below your screen. You have a translation available in the official languages of the United Nations. You can also use the message if you want to make a comment or ask a question about one of the interventions of the orators. You also have the possibility to raise your hand and ask a question directly to make this session more interactive. Without further ado, I would like to give the floor to Kingsley Aitken. Kingsley, you have the floor. Thank you very much, Kéline. Thank you very much. Hello to all of you. Thank you to the IEM and thank you to all of you for organizing this event. It's been 17 years since I've been working in the organization of the Diaspora Philanthropy. I've worked a lot in the United States, but I also worked a little bit everywhere in the world. I worked in organizations in New York to do the right thing and a lot of my actions have been carried out successfully. The second event that followed the first one had intended to remodel the first one. I am therefore a believer, a partisan believer in the fact that we have to start little by little to develop ourselves little by little. The money that we had unlocked did not cost the government or the government. Kéline has also given the definition of philanthropy, time, treasure, talent. The fact of working for the common good. I really like the definition that consists of planting trees under a mountain that we will not do. I think it represents philanthropy very well. It is like a chair at three feet. You have to count on the government, on the private sector, but also on the private sector, but also on the O&G sector. What is particularly exciting in this new dynamic, I think, is that we will enter a new phase of the Diaspora Philanthropy. It is one of the main catalysts of this Diaspora, what we call the transgenerational wealth. The wealth of humanity is not in the hands of those who are 60 years old, or a large part of the wealth is in the hands of the people who have lived more than 60 years. And they reflect on what to do with their money. In the United States, only 30 trillion dollars will be transferred between generations from here to 2050. There is therefore a certain potential for the diaspora. The diaspora can play a role. And when we think about this wealth in the hands of individuals, we can ask ourselves the question of knowing how this wealth will be distributed intergenerally, three ways to distribute it. First of all, the transfer of intergenerational wealth to children in the form of inheritance. These people will receive a lot of money. This is the story of life. This money can also be sent to the government through imposition, or given in the form of gifts, in the form of acts of philanthropy, by acts of charity. We often talk about difficulties to succeed, and to make sure that success has a meaning. We often think about our brand that we left. And this is often translated by a heritage. The diaspora has really, once again, I repeat a role to play. The structures are also in development course to facilitate this type of transfer of wealth. The foundations of the community that were launched in 1914 in Cleveland, or in the United States, have spread a little bit around the world. There are now more than 2,000 community foundations in 70 countries, everywhere, in the Antipodes. But new structures have also been seen the day. We are particularly talking about funds provided by the donors in the banking system. Last year, in the United States, the 501 C3s have defined public charity. Number one, in terms of charity, was the bank of Claddelphi. They make donations, they inject money into the banking system to be able to distribute this money to charity projects, charity works that they particularly appreciate. And all of this is often perceived as a form of heritage in the country of origin. There are 180 billion active, 100 billion active, that have been towards charity works last year. And the Americans will send more than 200 billion dollars, or more, to projects that are meant to develop other countries in the world, outside the United States. So, philanthropy has become an essential axis of what we call, the capital of the diaspora. There are resources available here and there, in the regions, in the countries. It's a three, one flow, the flow of people, of knowledge and the flow of money. So, it's been a long time that I have been working within organizations, that I have been working in collaboration with these funds, and I have learned a certain number of key lessons, of life events, of empirical events, about the diaspora. First of all, money is the oxygen of our organization, and we can only raise funds by addressing the right people. It's something that we learn as we grow up. People also give money to people who trust them, who like them, who appreciate them. Generally, we do business with the people that we carry in our hearts. So, what we're really saying is that there is a sort of process in this philanthropy of the diaspora. The philanthropy of the diaspora, the charity of the diaspora, is not an achievement. It must be demanded, it must be obtained. And it is by asking that you succeed in obtaining results. It is the demand that is your most effective tool, that is your strongest tool. The diaspora will not give up if you stay seated in your office. You have to do it in a way that I do. In addition, there is also another thing that you can use to develop the diaspora and the philanthropy of the diaspora. The university model. This university model is declared under two aspects. First, raising funds by addressing a lot of people, small contributions, but a lot of people, a large amount, and you can also raise a large amount of funds by addressing a little bit of people. At the university level, it is what we call the campaign funds. These funds are aimed at obtaining a certain amount of money for a specific period by addressing specific people. It is a process that we use and that I used during this year in which I worked with the diaspora. We used it to do research. Research has found the answers to the question of the diaspora. Who are they, how are they and what are they doing? And in this morning's session, we will talk about the importance of knowledge and information, statistics and data. Research, research is not just about asking ourselves what we could do, what we want to do, what we would like to do to learn more about our capacity to learn more about the capacity of the diaspora and the potential of this. We can sometimes have the capacity but no interest for the project that you develop within your diaspora in your country. The second phase of this program is a phase called cultivation, maintenance, the fact of continuing with the same people, to talk about the projects that you want to support. And that takes time, of course. That takes the energy of empathy, the setting up of a friendship, all of that does not take place the next day. The third phase, the pleading phase, the fact of asking. As I told you, your demand is your strongest weapon. You have to turn towards these people. We often assume that others know what we are waiting for, but we have to try to improve our communication, to improve our requests. The last phase, what we call in English the stewardship, the fact of ensuring that we explain exactly what we want, that we also recognize the people for their contribution, that we show them what has been made possible thanks to their teeth, and thus ensure a kind of pre-payment, a kind of advance on the next cycle of foundation lifting. The way in which we perceive the spirit of the diaspora in which we perceive the projects can vary greatly. We often tend to consider all of this as a model, but we must not consider it as a model. It is also what we call this campaign fund lifting, feasibility, declaration, the fact of putting in place a pyramid of donors. There is therefore a process to pursue, a path to pursue to obtain funds that we desire. I met a president of the University of Ireland and this person had met before an American. They had talked about the Irish diaspora in the United States, the fact that he had always been good at business, that he had never been in Ireland, that he had supported projects in Ireland, that he continued to give and give to universities. He had given almost a billion American dollars to Irish universities, Irish universities who would not have been where they were if they did not have money. This man is called John Finney. He is extremely well known in the United States, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett by John Finney as their hero. And what he did for philanthropy, for the charity of the diaspora is remarkable. He also met a philanthropist who had said that those who did not give did not live their life fully. John Finney had decided to make and distribute all his money. It is an extraordinary individual who is now retired, who lives in San Francisco. He gave all his money and lives in a rented apartment and he is happy with the potential he has created thanks to all of his donations. Kellyanne, I have therefore missed the time I had left and I will give the floor to the next person. Thank you very much for talking about John Finney. I was not aware of Sanjeev before talking about John Finney. I think you raised a certain number of very important questions, especially the question of the engagement of philanthropy. You know that you have to ask charity work. We do not just talk about engagement. It is a cycle of life of something that begins again and you are still engaged before, after and during. And I think it is one of the messages, as many of you will remember, that the world is on the diaspora of the diaspora and that we must keep this message to continue going forward. We have now gone to a science of TED Talk, of Almas Negage, of the African network of the diaspora. And I am going to ask my colleagues of the technical team to welcome you to this video. Hello, my name is Almas Negage. I work for the African network of the diaspora. We are based in Santa Clara, California. I have been talking to you since California. All of you who take the word during this world summit of the diaspora, I would have liked to wish you all the best for this seminar, to establish links with each other, to learn and support you. I am also delighted to take the word to have also received the friendship of Kingsley, of the OEM, of Martin, and I thank them for their friendship and their partnership. I would have liked to share with you a number of information about the African network of the diaspora, and what, as much as possible, is given that I only have 10 minutes. Everything has begun in the form of an idea, like a little bit everything, and a need to strengthen the links between the African diasporas. When you want to support communities across the world, whether in countries in Africa or in other places in your own communities, you want to inform the community of what you are talking about. We have started to work with the African diaspora. Thanks to American entrepreneurs, I come from Eritrea, and I was born and grew up in Asmara. I went to the Netherlands in 1984. I left Eritrea because of the war between Eritrea and Ethiopia. And I was in the Netherlands after my secondary studies. I stayed there for several years. I wanted to finish my studies as soon as possible, and I wanted to travel to the United States. Since 1987, I have lived in the United States, and my life has been marked by many good moments, with a certain number of challenges as a immigrant, but it has not prevented my life from being a full life of success. I felt a certain complexity when I had to join the Debuts. I joined the Debuts. I was a foreign student, and at that time, I had to count on the generosity of other people who did not look like me. I consider them now as a family that has given all this to me in the United States. This type of comfort is certainly what signed the creation of ADN. Africans and African friends can get together and move the lines. We can co-create, co-imagine, co-create the Africans who live in our community here in the United States, in the communities we live in. This is not one or the other. As you know, the diaspora is an extension, a extension of the communities we live in. To do good for my family, I must also do good within my community. Otherwise, we will not be able to send funds to the countries. We will not be able to receive the intellectual support of an intellectual support that is still essential in the case of the diaspora. I am also recognized for the opportunities that have been given to me. We helped, we allowed me to ask questions why the diaspora was not always working in the best way. In 2010, we launched the ADN, African diaspora network, and step by step, it took five years to get to a level where we could draw a little attention. In 2016, we received a fund, a financing of the State Department of the United States, and we were able to launch the first program for the symposium of the ADN. We wanted to test, test our ideas, but also the ideas of those who supported us, volunteers, volunteers, to see if our ideas were feasible, concretizable. We wanted to prove that Africans could work together and help people stay in the country. I can tell you now that all of this is possible because the ADN, the first program that we launched in 2016, now is the seventh anniversary, to have the seventh symposium of the ADN. And we also developed other programs, other initiatives, three programs and initiatives exactly. This would not have been possible without financing. We also had to identify the needs of African entrepreneurs who needed to finance mentor. Mentor is essential because nothing is possible without mentor. If you can count on someone, you have the possibility to develop and prosper. So there was the question of finance, the question of mentor, the question of intellectual support, of training. The training was also very important. So we have launched Africa's Future, we also have other projects in the pipeline that we will soon announce, we will soon announce the nomination of entrepreneurs for the year 2022. In 2020, when people felt this energy that we saw so far, in the symposium that we organized in the second year, we asked if we had a similar program for Africans in the United States. This question came from an organization of a particularly powerful foundation, the Silicon Community Foundation. And we said to them at the time, of course, we are able to advance if we receive the necessary funds and we can accelerate the Black Leadership leadership of the black community. We thus provide access to funding and training for Africans, African-American origin, in a way that they business here in the United States. Africans are not only in Africa, there are a lot of Africans who, like me, have left their house a long time ago. Let's talk here about people who moved over 400 years ago as slaves in the United States and who raised the voice for many of us in the African generation. I therefore believe that our responsibility to the need, the duty that we have to make what has been given to us and ADN to use these platforms not only to help Africans in the United States but also to throw bridges between Africa and diaspora. This is one of the last programs that we have developed. We also have, of course, a certain number of initiatives throughout the year, forums for innovation. We have organized it in California but also in Washington, in New York, in the present, if it were to happen, and we will of course relaunch forums such as this one. Very soon, after that, here is the type of program that we have launched that we will manage. At the moment, it is also another initiative. It is a pilot project and we are delighted to be able to see all of these activities spread and continue. But why? Is it necessary, is it needed to engage, to engage with diaspora? Why not? You have shown it with this SMD we need we need the diaspora, the diaspora Irish, Jewish, Asian we have all types of diaspora, Latin diaspora. There is a huge dynamic of the diaspora which has a very deep connection with the heritage, with the culture of their country of origin. They must be able to use their talent, their time or their money. This connection is therefore essential, but in Africa with 55 countries this diaspora is even more important and complex. What does it look like this diaspora if we continue to go forward, if we continue to change the way we interact with the continent. We can try to put a series of hypothesis among these hypothesis we can also mention that migrants leave Africa, but only outside of Africa, but 60 to 70% of the migration in Africa are in the interest of the continent. This assumption, this hypothesis is therefore not true. It can be a migration for different reasons, politics or others, but there is one thing that connects us to each other, again, again and again, our friends, our family, our heritage, our culture. We must make what is given to us, we must make in the form of funds sent to our countries of origin. And I think it is very important, you support your family all this will continue, it has been for generations that it lasts. The question we have to ask is therefore always the following, how would the situation be if we could not count on the diaspora, how would the situation be if we could not have $5 billion saved by the diaspora in the United States only. How would things be if we could take a little of these investments, a little of these economies and invest, invest in platforms, a platform that would serve us as a portfolio of opportunities that could then help the communities back in Africa. I think it is on this idea that we must base the whole discussion on the diaspora. We can try to think how to think about the creation of a world of funding for our families, it would be wonderful if it was possible, but also in a more general way. An investment in the communities where our families live. No matter the country, the money I myself saved, I could invest it to make the difference on the continent. I know that you did not talk much about it because two weeks ago I was in Dubai to participate at a meeting between different parts of Europe and the United States about what Africans could do. These types of financial platforms are therefore well available. You can of course use them as a convenance. There are a few people who will participate on Friday. I will also participate in a virtual panel about what African diasporas can do. Listen to this panel and see if there is a way to work together to support this platform. The African network of the diaspora is what it is today thanks to the partnership that we have put in place and that we continue to put in place. This partnership allows us to continue to finance ourselves and to autonomous ourselves. These people who believe in what we do and what we can continue to do. My team but also all the other teams who collaborate with us. And I would like to thank Martin Rassau who always supported me. Thank you very much. This continued trajectory continues. Of course, we will never see the end. It is a step at the same time. But I am happy to have the opportunity to collaborate with the OEM in the interest of all the members of the diaspora. We are committed to do everything we can to gather together with each other because we are all in the same family as human beings. We are talking here about inclusion but also about the partnership. The partnership that I felt in the United States for the person that I was. Personally, the world has changed and I did not want to change. This feeling of partnership allows you to create. And I am happy to say it. Thank you very much. Thank you everyone. Thank you for this story. What an inspiration. And then the symposium of investments. And there is the question of training. And also training. And then the symposium of investments. And then the symposium of also the idea of financing the entrepreneurs etc. And then there are the questions of skills of aptitudes regarding the country of origin, the country of destination etc. Thank you very much. We are a bit on the train. We will give the word to Sanjee of India. Sanjee for one. Thank you very much. Thank you to the OIM Thank you to Kingsley Thank you tomorrow in this great event. Sanjeev Josipura Executive Director Indian Diaspora I am almost I will speak to you of Washington DC. I will explain to you who we are because it will be relevant to the diaspora philanthropy. The diaspora was founded in 2012 by a famous entrepreneur, San Francisco M. Rindeswam. Our mission is to inspire and position the Indian local diaspora. We are a member organization for the leaders of the diaspora, the Indian leaders of the diaspora of the world. In different countries, different professions. And there are three themes, our three pillars, in fact. One of them is to engage in non-political and civic activities and then entrepreneurship and tertiary innovation. Philanthropy and social impact, social impacts. There are also two important themes for our work. First of all, in addition to focusing on the people who are members, as you can imagine, who are aged 50, 60 years old, we receive a lot of advice from them. But we focus on the younger diasporas. That is to say, the second generation of diasporas, those who left the Indian, these young people may not have the same links, etc. It is important to focus on the younger diaspora. In addition to the members who are older, let's say. Second theme is what we call our Global Connect Program, our World Connection Program. What matters is to globalize our work. We are very active at the level of the United States. We have been founded, as you know, and also in India, where we also have a current office, but moreover, we are extremely active with the leader of the Indian diaspora, and those who are connected in one way or another to the Indian diaspora. We are active in different countries in the United Kingdom, like Canada, Singapore, Australia, and then the Caribbean. Some parts of Africa and Europe are also interested in us. We are talking about 32 million people from the world, the Indian diaspora. They were part of the world, with more concentration in some countries. And typically, we want to focus on those countries. So, another vertical I mentioned. Entrepreneurship, innovation, we are there to support them. It's not purely a question of creation, of money, etc. There is a lot more, that is to say that there is the social aspect, which is very important. And of course, the idea is to do good, and there is this social entrepreneurial approach. And then, non-political civic engagement in the United States. We are mandated as an organization that does not take political positions, but we encourage the community to be heard. We hear the voice of the Indian community. We are very active, we cooperate with other communities. The East Asian community, the Jewish community, the African-American community, etc. The reason I am talking about it, is because it is linked to the main theme, the philanthropic part. What I just mentioned, there are links, certainly, to our philanthropic work. A few examples to illustrate my own point. And you will understand the links, the bridges between the different aspects. In philanthropy, there are two points of view. The first point of view, a good number of our members have links with India, as you have understood, and the idea is to give something to the country of origin, and we encourage it actively, of course. And also, the idea is to help them at the level of efficiency of this help. And then, the idea is to give where we live. That is to say, clearly, we are born in India, we may have grown up in one party, we have narrow links with its original party, but that's not enough. That is to say, you have to keep in mind and consider the country where you reside, whether in the United Kingdom, the United States, or elsewhere, Singapore, Australia, etc. The country where you reside for 20, 30, 40, or even 50 years, where you have made a name, you have, in different cases, you have earned money, and so it is very important, also in the efforts we have made to position the Indian diaspora, it is important to also give in your country of residence. That is our point of view concerning philanthropy. We have to give where we live and give to the country of origin. I know that the time for a party is limited, we are a bit on the train, so I will limit myself to 10 minutes which are a party, and then we will be able to answer some questions in the context of the session. As for the fact of giving to India, as I mentioned previously, we are an organization that helps individuals and who also help, well, there are people who give $5,000, $10,000, $20,000. The spectrum is vast. We help, we facilitate these donations in India, and then we are an organization that is known for the IPA. And in 2017, we decided to become independent because the organization took the lead and it is an independent organization. And the IPA is an organization that has PDG, which has organizations without goals, lucrative. This entity, this organization is based in the United States. And the PDG are members of IPA. Manually, since 2017, in order to be precise, we have asked the PDG, the CEO, to keep in mind certain topics, we asked them to influence them. We try to see how these organizations can establish synergies, or sit down synergies, in Amon and in Avon. We also talk about the way to ensure that the efforts of fund collectors in the United States and that the big events that are not doubled, the events that are organized at different times in different lives, etc. We try to avoid the double. We really have this function. And there are things to be done. And then when there are dozens of charitable organizations that focus on different themes based on the United States, but that focus on India, and there is all this philanthropic work, these types of cooperation didn't take place before we put this IPA in place in 2017. We organized this coordination, and then we were able to co-operate effectively since 2017, in the IPA framework. This is an example of IPA. Another example is what we call the Jalaudi Program in India. It means go ahead, let's do it, let's do it. So the translation is go ahead, gain the idea and collect funds that will be redistributed in India to organizations that we know well. And I'm happy to be able to tell you that during COVID, these last two years, we were able to collect more than 5 million dollars, not only for India, but for India, and then 1.5 million for the United States. So it's an example for the Jalaudi Program. So, and to finish, the Jalaudi Program gives you the ability to live. One of the initiatives, and so on, in terms of the Jalaudi Program, there are links with our local connection. And also, when you're young, if you're not even willing to donate more than 1 million dollars, you can donate more than 10 million dollars. And then there are some doubts a little bit everywhere. As far as give way you live, give where you live. And there, it's linked to the work of civic engagement. What's clear for the people, not only in the United States, is that the technological revolution has uncalculable advantages, but at least some people have found themselves on the train. And these people on the train must be able to take advantage of the possibility of risk-ealing to be able to take care of their future generations. And then, you know, it's important to focus on certain communities in the country. And in some regions, we're at the point of putting on foot a program of training, of risk-ealing. The idea is to involve everyone in efforts of training, of reformation, of risk-ealing, as we say, to be able to include these people, to leave them a little bit abandoned, a little bit on the train. That's it, I'm going to stop here. I used the 10 minutes that were put aside. Thank you very much, Sanjeev. Thank you for explaining to us this, the Indian diaspora. It was also linked to the other intervention. You told us about the fact that you want to give where you live. This notion is important. So it's not just about giving where you live, but also about the residents' countries. There are links between the different interventions. I'm going to present the next part of the discussion. The idea is to have interactions. We'll be able to share our comments. We'll be able to ask questions as well. So don't hesitate to raise your hand to ask your questions. Thank you very much. So don't hesitate to raise your hand to ask your questions. We have here, what I want to do is to share with you some questions related to the documents, the technology. I'm thinking about the technical side. There are three main questions. I hope you'll be able to see these questions. First question. What could you recommend in terms of politics to encourage the philanthropist of the diaspora? Second question. What could you recommend in terms of programs to encourage this philanthropist of the diaspora? Third question. Who are the key actors in terms of partnership with governments to make it easier for this philanthropist of the diaspora? Last question. Could I address it to you, Kingsley, or to you and your experience, Kingsley? Who are the main actors and the leading actors? Kingsley, are you with us? Sorry, Kylian. Thank you for that. Thank you for that. Excellent question. I have a question. What does the world mean to you? There is an echo. Does Kylian... Yes, we hear you. I think it's a great question. It's an excellent question. What is the role of the government in terms of the philanthropist of the diaspora? You know, as you said, the philanthropist is a public good. The role of the government is to be a facilitator rather than an actor in the field of work. That is to say that governments can create the conditions... The conditions can form, etc. All the diaspora organizations, there are many private organizations, their first objective to survive, is to collect funds simply to stay in the government. Governments play a leading role. They create the conditions, the environment, and then the Irish government, for example, has a support wing outside of Ireland and the world. It's important to play these roles. Sometimes, I think it's not always good that the government is too involved. It's an exercise of balance, to reach the good point of balance. Then, the private sector. The idea is to encourage the TIT, etc. I don't know what they are trying to do. We have these direct funds that are not necessarily in their own sales and investing. But you have to call them tipping agents. People who are in a position to... What's important is to do something, something for Ireland, for example. We're talking about direct investment funds. What's important, for example, is to provide advice, etc. There are a lot of small things that can be done. It's part of the decision-making framework. Sometimes, it's a small thing, a small information that makes it work. You know, we used to call them rock stars, etc. And then, you have to see what can be done in terms of relationships, etc. It's not always easy, all of this. It takes time, it takes time, all this philanthropic work. And then, Saint-Gif, I come back to you. The question is, at the political level, the fact that you're trying to engage in the political level, what would you recommend at the political level in relation to your experience? You know, Saint-Gif, I would like to maybe continue on what Kingsley said, Kingsley is right, when he says that governments have to act as facilitators, not as not to take care of the phase of implementation, but rather to facilitate the process. Governments don't have to direct it. I completely agree with that. And I think we can even go a step further. That is, there are different entities in different countries and moments where governments, for different reasons, multiple reasons are sometimes linked to cultural elements. And then, sometimes governments discourage philanthropy at the diaspora level. And it's a function. And somewhere, we come back to the theme of the season. That's what Kingsley said at the beginning of the game. He spoke of trust and of accepting this trust. Once this trust was established between philanthropic actors and governments of countries concerned by this philanthropy, many more could be done. This is the crossroads of philanthropic maneuvers, for example, here in the United States. Philanthropy is an easy way to unite the United Kingdom and Canada. And then there are other countries where it's very difficult for an organization like ours to be fully engaged in philanthropy and to see the ease of philanthropy. It depends, it varies depending on the country. And then it's important to be able to influence, of course, for the diaspora. Thank you, Sanjeev. I don't know if anyone in the audience wants to participate. If you want to ask a question, don't hesitate to raise your hand. And of course, we will give you the floor. And there is a third question on terms of the programs that we could develop to encourage this philanthropy of the diaspora. Sanjeev, I'm coming back to you. We're talking about ease, but not about the government. So, for you, multi-partisan programs, is that the solution? What is the role of the different stakeholders and the different actors in this framework? Excellent question. We have three excellent questions here. I think that in terms of the program aspect, there are two parts for me. First part, I'm going to take the example of India. More and more, for five, six years, I see that India, at the governmental level, has become more sophisticated regarding the type of philanthropic intervention necessary in the country. And the government is not even going to honor or do something about it, or does not wish or can not act. And you have to make sure that the government is on the go when it comes to priorities. And the priorities can diverge depending on the parts of the country. You know, India is just an example. This can be applied to other countries. And there is the question of geography, the different regions, the diverse needs, etc. And then you have to see if this list is established at the central government level or if it is elaborated at the level of the state, to be closer to the ground. It is important to have this attitude of co-operation and to invite partners. It is also very important. This is at the governmental level. For now, the side set in place of organizations that work in practice. For example, members of the IPA, sorry. For these organizations, it is important to be ready and to arrive as a group. And you have to see what can be done. It is important to consider the needs of the philanthropists with a holistic approach. To see what happens at the level of the value chain in love and in avalanche. For example, there are organizations that provide meals to children who are hungry. It is fantastic. Imagine, there are huge needs. And then there are organizations that help to build schools for children to be favored so that children can be schooled. That is the basic need. Would it not be great if a central government or a federal government identified malnutrition as a priority? And then the basic education, another priority. And then at that moment, the idea would be to cooperate, to be ready and to see what could be done as a group. I think it is important for the organization that provides these philanthropic services. It is important to be well organized and to establish priorities, et cetera. That's an important point. So could you come in, Kingsley? Yeah, I just got to pick up on something. Yes, very important. Would you like to come in, Kingsley? Yes, I would like to take on a number of points that has just been mentioned, CNG. I agree with what he said. When he came to Ireland, when Chuck came to Ireland, he told us, I want to invest in such a quantity, we need you and the government to help us. So there is this idea of correspondence and this scheme between the United States and Mexico, if someone invests five years, and the government or the federal state. Continue and support. We have a ratio of three for a very interesting relationship in terms of investment. There are tens of thousands of organizations of diaspora around the world. And we need to let the entire association see what they are going to give. Some will fail, others will be corrupt. I have worked with a lot of organizations, and when I come back to all these organizations, I ask myself the question of knowing what allows an association to work. Three things. First, the reason for being. Why? What are we trying to do? Second, the circonscription. We need to be able to count on a community that supports organizations and supports activities that you do, that you put in place. Third, and I think that is the most important point, leadership. Leadership that helps a very important aspect. Sanjiv has told us about the way in which his organization wanted the day, which began to emerge from a simple idea. He attracted people around this idea, and the organizations I worked with in Ireland also have examples that make sense. Tony O'Reilly, who is the director of the O'Reilly Food Company, Tony O'Reilly, who also worked in the metallurgy sector. He also had an idea, but it is this leadership that is very important. Governments can therefore play a role. They can play a role for strengthening the capacities of organizations and associations, but they can also identify people who have a real leadership. That's why when Sanjiv talks about the next generation, it's very important. Very important because very often, the parents of these children who were involved in their more daily lives are delighted because their children will engage in their country, even if they are not born. And it's a double way to work, to make an association prosper. Another question that comes back to this, is the level of engagement of the community, of the community of the Aspera, is weakened over the course of generations? As a member of the Aspera, we sometimes have a particularly strong link with our country. But my children will have half of my engagement, my little children will have half of my engagement if we function in a very proportional way. Is there a weakening of the link to the country as we go through generations? What can we do to maintain the implication of the engagement of the community? The engagement of the Aspera, an extremely important engagement to make the Aspera function. Do you want to start with a click? I know you have a lot to say on this subject. For the most extraordinary question, some of the most enthusiastic people I have had the opportunity to interact with Ireland, the Irish Aspera, are sometimes the little children of Irish people. The fact that some generations have passed, have been defiled, does not necessarily mean that the link with the country of origin has also decreased. We know that sometimes we can be here and there. We can find ourselves in San Diego, San Francisco, we are Californians, but we can sometimes be Californians and be engaged in Poland and in Scotland. It has nothing to do with it. I find it extremely fascinating. Another important thing that I haven't mentioned until now, I don't think there is an Irish Aspera. There are hundreds and hundreds of them for each of these Aspera with different needs, with different desires. We have to understand it. It is not just one block of the Aspera per country. We have to be aware of the different interests and different desires. We have to be able to satisfy the needs of everyone, of the elements of this Aspera, rather than to put all of them under the carpet. And to put all of them under one is the same thing. The Aspera is not a country, but we are here in the right place. I work with the Biasque community. It's been a few years. I had the opportunity to work with the Copenhagen city. And Sanjay, I think you also mentioned it. Yes, I think you are exactly right, King Zlee. I think you are totally right, King Zlee. You are talking about how different India is. You are talking about how different India is. And it applies very well to the Indian case. There are different states, different cuisines, different culinary habits, different languages, different cultures. And we can't talk about a single and the same Indian diaspora. The fact that India exists as such is a miracle in history when we look at the diversity that exists between the different states. The Indian diaspora does not exist. There is origin and destination. The Indian diaspora of Chicago will not be the one of Detroit. Their needs are different. And they want to do totally different things. You are totally right about that. Let's talk about the question of the next generation. I really think that with time, I have been able to see it in my experience when I look at the other diasporas here, in the United States, for example, the Chinese diaspora, the Israeli diaspora. Depending on the country you are from, as time goes by, your interests and connections with your country of origin, with your parents, with the country of origin of your parents and your grandparents vary, change in nature. The Israelis have a link. The Israeli diaspora in America has a link different from the Irish, German, Chinese or other diasporas. It's a very complex question. But I think that in general, especially when it comes to three or four generations, the link between your own person and your country of origin tends to be diminished. Two reasons for that, according to me. First, it is very important to make sure that even if you talk about four generations, make sure that the small links are maintained because that allows you to contextualize, to know that we are thus a better citizen. Even if you are from the third, fourth, fifth generation that you are in Washington, that you are in San Francisco, and that you are Indian, you have to know the culture, the heritage, the traditions that make up what you are. It also allows you, as a person, to be more productive, to be a better person, to be more effective in what you are doing. First, it is very important, and I think it's a personal opinion here, that the diaspora maintains a link with the country of origin. That's what we do in the program, even if we know that there are differences between the different diasporas. Secondly, you have to change your focus to say so. You have to make sure that the Indian diaspora feels one and the same diaspora, and we don't talk about the fifth, sixth generation of diasporas, but rather about the place where we come from. Try to create this unity feeling, that it is the fourth, fifth, sixth generation of an Irish-Singapore Indian. Singaporeans, you have to make sure that these people realize that they are part of the same diaspora coming into the country. Sanjeev, I think there is an Indianity, a world unity. You talked about Queer Garden, of Queer Madison, and other places still. I think there is really a general notion of detail. Even if these lines have been drawn, I think there is indeed an Indian identity. Of course, this has belonged to the military era, and we know that we have to do with history, but there is a massive influence that comes from the Indian. And this question, and you were talking about it, is particularly fascinating. Yes, we are talking here about the diplomacy policy. We have a question from the Alibadas. Thank you very much, from the Alibadas. Governments can imagine a way to raise resources by respecting the principle of appreciation. It is not about taking back the money, but rather about the possibility of being directly involved. And I think this directly refers to your last presentation, Kingsley, on the nature of donation and on the nature of the involvement of the application. It is very important to be involved after the act of charity, if we can say so. Even if we applied it before. Do you want to answer this comment? We don't have much time left. But how can governments do it? What is the role of governments after the act of charity? I found a very interesting thing. I'd be very happy to hear your comments on this. I found that Philanthropy... Thank you very much for this comment. According to me, philanthropy is a portal. It's a portal for people who are in a relationship with their own country. And they have the possibility to get involved in other levels. Philanthropy is a source of money to fight cancer. You have the possibility to know your community. You realize that there are business centers, there are sports infrastructures, and you have a relationship with multiple levels, with people who are in your country of origin. And it's really possible, thanks to Philanthropy, to boost all kinds of relationships. Sanjif, I think, talked about it. The glue of all this, the cement of this kind of relationship, is the feeling of belonging. If we listen to what people say, we don't just hear the idea of inclusion, but the inclusion of diversity and belonging. And belonging is essential. It's a fascinating concept. People can belong. People can read the daily, almost a hundred years without registering, almost a hundred years on information that comes from all over the world, from Los Angeles or Ireland. We redefined this very notion of the state against other people. Sanjif, please understand. Yes, Kingsley, thank you very much for what you just said. I totally agree. I didn't notice it myself. The bailers of Philanthropy are involved with their country of origin, with the government. And then, you have to put in place an implication in other sectors, such as education, science and technology, for example. Philanthropy is a gateway to put in place other relationships at other levels. It's a concept that I was able to see during my different activities, and I also saw the reverse case. And I think Kingsley has also been able to see his long experience in the question of diaspora and everywhere around the world. It's one of the reasons why I think that philanthropic organizations must be particularly aware of what's going on in the economic domain and in the financial domain. I can see it in several ways, especially in the case of Indian diaspora. In the initial way, the relationship begins with a commercial transaction, with an entrepreneurial venture, with an investment, with capital, with a fusion, with an M&A transaction. And this, with time, leads to a better understanding of the diaspora that makes this investment of different problems in the sector, in the country where this diaspora is involved. There are only a few minutes left. I would just like to interrupt you so as to know if the public wants to talk about Nigeria. Do you want to take the floor? I see you have a hand. Do you want to take the floor? Yes, I just wanted to make a quick comment if you can. I agree with what you said, the previous orators. The government should play the role of facilitator for the application language of diaspora in terms of philanthropics. I think the government can set up a credible platform to meet these discussions. In Nigeria, we set up an investment summit of the diaspora to set up a platform for the diaspora. It brings together financial partners, the regulatory bodies, and I think that a platform could create an international level to stimulate the implementation of the diaspora in philanthropic activities. That's what I wanted to say. Thank you very much. I think it's quite relevant to what has been said by the different orators. Do you want to take the floor? Yes, thank you very much, Kilian Sanjeev and Kingsley. Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. I would just like to take the floor on one of the most important ingredients in the diaspora's commitment to sharing all the information that has been shared here and in the message. According to me, what comes out is the idea of the long term. When governments or local organizations interact with the diaspora in the country of origin, we must also keep in mind that the diaspora is there for the long term. The diaspora is not a government agency. There is no butchering date. The diaspora is there for the long term. It is there to last. Why? Because there is a very strong cultural identity connection with the country of origin. But I think we can also talk about the same relationship with the diaspora that established their home, their home in the country of origin. This long-term vision is therefore essential in the whole of our reflection. We must then think in a way that governments will engage, get involved in the diaspora. They should not just be there financially. They should also be interested in this diaspora. They should also manage the crises, the humanitarian crises. They should manage the whole of these aspects in the long term. They must therefore be in the seat that they hold the reins as a partner and as a pilot. And we have already been able to observe the individual agencies. When the diaspora has individual agencies, we see that there is always an organization, a certain structure at the global level. The last element that I would have liked to share with you is what you said about international engagement. I am from the diaspora based here in Kosovo. I have also studied in Romania. My younger sister, who is 10 years younger, has a totally different relationship with the country, with the zombie world. I have suffered a lot from not being able to enter my home. She suffers much less. I think she would suffer if she was here in Prisina and not in London. Her commitment, her involvement, and I give this example of the diaspora, her involvement is totally different from my commitment, my mother's commitment, and others still coming from the zombie world. So I think that the fact to implement a diaspora strategy, especially with this new generation, will be extremely critical, otherwise we might lose this connection to the country of origin. And that, of course, depends on the country of destination. Thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to take the floor. The experience of the diaspora varies, of course, according to the people. One last intervention. Timor, very quickly. And then we will conclude, Timor. Timor? Timor, your microphone is off. Never mind. Okay, so guys... It doesn't work. We are three minutes away. I think this session has been particularly fruitful. I was delighted to be able to give a speech to a few people in the audience to conclude. Today we have talked about the importance of philanthropy within the diaspora. We have talked about the cycle of life, of donation, of the role of government, of the role of government, as a facilitator rather than an executor, as a partner rather than an organizer. Some of the important things, as well, that we've heard have been heard today. From Sanji, from Alma, we have talked about the very nature of philanthropy. Philanthropy is not just an act in the country of origin, but also in the country of destination. And it's very important to remember. We have also heard Paddy talk about the importance of the long term, the diaspora. It's there to last. And it's not like politics that follows the evolution of different elections and different governments. I would have just given you the floor in two minutes to share your last thoughts. I didn't anticipate it, but what I would like to say is that what was magnificent in the context of this session, I listened to Sanji, Paddy and the others, it's not about a competition industry. When you think about it, the funds will finally be transferred to the Pérou in India. Those who lose will not necessarily decide not to invest elsewhere. We must therefore collaborate, contribute with each other, and in the greatest possible way. I am a member and founder of an organization called AIS, Copy and Steal Everything. So, copy and steal, all that is possible to copy and steal. You are interested in a program such as Caglice in Israel, where we bring young people back to the country. I think it's a very powerful way to favor the engagement and the application of diaspora. If you look at any country, you will realize that there are programs such as TechLead. In Ireland, we had a program called The Gathering. We asked the diaspora to come back 100 years later. And 5,000 events have been organized. Every country can place excellent programs. The ECOS has set up a special program. We will have it copied in Ireland. We have copied and stolen the ECOS program. We must listen to each other, listen to what we have shared. I will take back some ideas and think about it. Paddy's contribution was particularly brilliant. Thank you very much for coming. I think we still have a lot to learn, Kilian. We will think about what works and what does not work at all. There is a document that I have written for many years. It is sometimes new. We have to wrap up there. It's a hard stop at 12. I really have to conclude. It's 13, 12 o'clock in Ireland. Thank you very much, Sanjeev, for your intervention. The feedback will be taken back in the document of the SMD. Thank you very much. Once again, I have written the word on the question of philanthropy. We will see each other again during the next session. Thank you very much, Kilian. Thank you, Kingsley. See you next time. Goodbye.