 Thank you very much. So for our final presentation of the afternoon, we have the Institute of Indian Studies 2020 Travel Grantee, Lorena Grana, the Instituto de Diatación y Artematría, Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico, General Manuel Sabio, Universidad Nacional de Pujuy. I'm sorry, my English is not good, like you see, so I will speak in Spanish, but the presentation is in English, so you can follow me. I will try not to be very portentous and not speak very fast so that they can understand me. What we are going to do now is to go to the southern part of Pugna, of the Central Andes, in Argentina, and we are going to see what is the development of oasis and agri-colas through the study of water management. We are doing the work with colleagues, with Marco Quezada and Victoria Arévalos, and we are working on this topic. We are actually working on the end of 2016 and we continue. So there are many things that we cannot answer and perhaps you can even help me to find the answers. We are not going to locate space. First, in Antofagasta de la Sierra, it is located well in the south. Here you can see it. Let's see, I do not take the technology here. It is located well in the south of what is known as the Pugna de Atacama, the Pugna de Cértica. It is in relation to the location inside Argentina and it is located in what is the province of Catamarca so that it is located more or less spatially where we are. I want to clarify that when we speak of Pugna, in general, the archaeologists of the west of Argentina, let's say, of these sectors, we are also including what are the unipugna ecosystems. We do not make a distinction, that perhaps in the Central Andes, in Peru they usually make that distinction. It is a desert of height, cold, and this is due to be developed between the 3200 and 4500 meters above sea level with annual temperatures of 10 degrees. Really what this area has is a very large thermal amplitude, not only in seasonal changes, summer winter, but also in the same day. In summer we can have temperatures during the day of 30 degrees and at night it will reach minus degrees, to minus zero. And annual precipitation is really very low, it is less than 150 milliliters per year, and there are even years when it does not rain. What this does is that the resources are very well concentrated, both the sidereal resources are going to be rivers, salaries, there are a large number of salaries, and the lagoon is going to be rivers. These water bodies are where the largest number of resources is concentrated and therefore also the occupations. At the level of the paleo-environmental reconstruction that we have been doing in the region, we studied various rivers and lagoon, and what we were able to see for the last 3,000 years is that we are having two great environmental moments. A first environmental moment associated with wet conditions is going to develop between the 3400 years AP to the 1600 years AP. What we can see is that in the different profiles that we analyzed, that we did analysis of both sedimentary and some bioproxies, we were able to see that almost all the profiles analyzed were having a wet development, that is, above all, they were developing wet conditions. For example, the colored lagoon, which would come today in Salar, at that time it was a saline, there was an important water body, not important in the sense that there was enough water for the development of a wind community, and then for the 1600 we began to see that, in fact, it is not very synchronic, but very close, there began to be zero-serious events in the different profiles, although in some we did not. This is what we interpreted as arid conditions and in which hydropower resources began to behave in a very heterogeneous way in the region, and that does not matter to us to understand arid climatic phases versus wet, it does not matter to us to see how the different systems will respond environmentally and how that will influence human occupation. Well, in relation to agriculture, we know, based on... I'm going very fast, I'm being very important. No. Very good. Okay. In relation to archaeological evidence, we know that, from different evidences, agriculture has had a very important role in the agro-pastorile societies that developed in this region. There are even records of what we call, these are maquetas, we tell them, where channels are cut, field of crops, and even cars that are showing the rituality and importance of water in this region. Nowadays, agriculture, I don't know what that is, but I'm going to say it quickly, it doesn't have much importance in the region, it's more developed in the pastoral activities, the breeding of flames, and agriculture is only associated with the development of pastures or small houses for family support. So, based on all these data, our goal will be to evaluate how the old hydraulic technologies have been able to develop complex solutions to create oasis agriculture in these arid regions. For that, we propose two steps. First, to see the new results that we have been developing in Amigawa, which is a particular sector from Antofada to Sierra, and to try to explain what type of technology these agricultural landscapes are implying, to try to see the scales, the type of construction, the uses, the maintenance, to be able to characterize the management of water and to understand how these oasis have been generated. And I want to start with the question that this register is a very difficult register to analyze, it's very difficult to see in the field. As you can see here in the photo, here is the pre-Hispanic farming field. The truth is that it's a register that has a very low obstructivity and a high erosion, but the advantage that we have in this region is that it has a high visibility. We don't have much vegetation, so it's easy to go to the field and see them, if we take a look. And this has led to these quadric, I'm going to stop for a minute, these rectangles that you see here are a technology that is known, a hydric technology that is known as Bordos. They are particles limited by ground Bordos and they are very, they have been one of the most studied evidence, because of its easy form of view. They have satellite images like in the field. What is Bordos? Bordos is a very simple technique that even today is still being used, that is not more than an accumulation or a alignment of land with stones, that is produced at the same time that it is being planted in the plot to be cultivated, it is made into a cleaning, that cleaning makes it an accumulation of land and that the cultivated area is in a slightly lower form. This is what this kind of technique allows, what this kind of technique allows is a flood, that is to concentrate the water and irrigate it that way. At the same time, with small, here we go again, with small openings of these Bordos, what they can do is distribute the water systematically and that way take advantage of its maximum. This kind of technology also stimulates the pedogenesis, it massifies the agricultural production, the Bordos, what it generates is also a protection of the winds and also current analyses that have shown that it allows the control of salinity. One of the biggest problems in arid areas is the concentration of salts when we irrigate. And also what it generates are microclimates. As I said, it is a simple accumulation of land where, as the waste is being made to establish the plot of the crop, some large stones are accumulated, what it does is that with time that is eroded and archeologically one can see it in this way, I don't know if you can see it. That is why it has been really easy to identify in the field and it has been one of the things that have been studied in the region. This has led to, for example, this site, Coipar is one of the most studied sites and where the most information from Antofabas de la Sierra comes from this site. It is located in a terrace of the main river, Punilla River. And what has been identified in this site were three railways associated mainly through Bordos. The chronology has been estimated between 850 to 1400 of our era and then there is a moment that is estimated to be a moment between 1480 and 1532. This moment in Caico is associated with terraces that develop in this particular sector. I want to clarify that terraces are not something very common in Antofabas de la Sierra. On the contrary, there are only two sectors that have terraces at this moment under Coipar and this small one here which is a short field. Then all the agricultural development that is in the region is not associated with terraces. Here is how the Bordos look like. This is an image, it is a photo of an elevated area so it has a good visibility. Now, we are going to focus on this area between what is the tributary Mirigwaka This area has been studied previously by Chiliria and Oliveira and they had actually planned that it was a area where agriculture had been developed but in a very low way. They interpret that there are two railways one that is in this sector and the other that is located here and they would be channels in this case, in this network, they would be long channels that would narrate fields associated with Bordos. I'm going to get some heat from my nerves. So, this type of evidence what they had done within their model within the model of the region was to say that the areas associated with Punilla were the most important and the most distant areas were less important for agricultural development. So, we started this hypothesis and we started to analyze this sector specifically. For that, we proposed a methodology, one of the methodologies that always starts from an interdisciplinary vision. We took methods from other disciplines such as geology and biology we adapted them to apply in archeology to answer our questions and what we propose is to do an analysis that has different range of observation. Generally, for this type of evidence, two use of two observation scales are always recommended. The first observation scale is the traditional one which is the use of satellite images and morphological analysis to be able to understand, for example, the availability of channels in relation to, for example, the slopes etc. It is an analysis that has a lot of advantages, in our case we use satellite images of free access and allows us to map, georeferenciate certain sectors, certain elements and even make models of digital elevation. The second, which has also been highly recommended is the use of projections and records of the site. What led us to do the recognition of what we have interpreted in the first images, we first digitized and we see how the distribution of these channels comes we go to the field and try to see the evidence of those channels and they are two completely complementary lines. It has not happened, for example, to analyze in the site and see things that in satellite images we had not seen them when we returned to the satellite image we were seeing them. And finally, the smallest scale is the analysis of particular sectors of the networks where we are going to analyze a bioproxy that are the diatomages. The diatomages are unicellular algae that are in the majority of the waters, in all the bodies of water. These are, I present them, they are they are composed of two silice valves that what they do is when they die and are deposited in the sediments, they have a very good conservation and preservation through time. They have also been very used for the environmental reconstruction because they are very good bio-indicators of the ecological changes of the water. For a certain type of water we are going to have other types of diatomages for other ecological conditions or, for example, more or less deep other types of diatomages. Now, what I want to clarify is that what I am going down here is my observation scale. From very broad areas to lower areas. But time is also different from analysis. This is a much faster analysis and as I go down my observation scale the analysis are much slower. So, as I told you previously, we had started in 2016, there are still many sectors that we have analyzed in these scales that we have not yet been able to see in this. But, well, the idea is to continue with this methodology. Based on this methodology, what we could see is that this original map that they had proposed for this sector was much more complex than what was believed to be. Although we continue to find that small network, that big network that they had established as a single network, we are actually seeing that they are two completely different networks and we are going to see later how it compares. It also allowed us to see new networks such as the RM4 or RM5 that actually come from both drinking water from the pits of another river that was not being considered for this sector. Through the geomorphological analysis we can see that four networks develop within the pediment of this pediment and they are also influenced by alluvial cones. These geomorphs are associated with the Pleistocene moments only one, which is the smallest network, is associated with an alluvial terrace with allocene chronologies. What we also want to show is that the water, the course of the water level of the rivers, we have some data of how it was changing over time. For the Miliguaca we know that the current level of the river is established 1400 years before the present, which would be 550 of our era. At the current level of water for the river of the pits it is a bit more complicated. In the 3400 we find a moment of incision where the river goes down about 10 meters but then there is a small pulse of abrasion where it means that sediments are accumulated and it goes up again just one meter and then there is a descent. The geologist who has studied proposes that this is associated with the small age of ice since in several other profiles we had seen these small pulses but we are still in debate if it really is an effect of the small age of ice. Regardless of how much they had to go up, when I speak of going up it is not that it literally goes up in the water but they are managing the slope to make the current flow of the river. In some sectors we see that they have also decided to pass the water through elevated sectors which are small hills as you can see here, this is a model of the slopes we made. What we can see with these models is that the main channels correspond perfectly with the natural slopes. What they are taking advantage of are the slopes of the terrain to manage the water and take the water to particular places that they want to go up. What this shows us is a strong knowledge of the slopes, of the management of slopes. As we had said there are two networks and another network that we will see later not only to go up those terraces which are 10 meters above the course of the water but even to make them go through a hill to go up on the other side and we start to wonder why they are not taking advantage of these sectors if in these regions one says that the biggest limit will be the water because we are seeing that the water is not being a limit but the slopes and they are deciding particular slopes to be able to cultivate. Now, all these technologies that are identified are simply associated with irrigation channels. These irrigation channels are in the majority just rough on the excavated land without any major preparation and here where we start we use four kilometers or more which are simply rough on the excavated land. The evidence of these channels we interpret through holes this is one of the most visible but there are some that we cannot see very well some channels still keep the lines of the walls of the channel others simply are a single line of stones this is another and even some times the lines are very tenuous they are small and distant stones when you look at it it seems that they are not channels but when we were taking points of GPS and we put it back with what we saw in the field with what we had seen we were able to play with the two scales when we go to the field we look at what we draw to locate ourselves in a channel and then when we record that channel we are no longer looking at what we map just to be playing with scales of different observations but later we will complement it we only do it again when the evidence we leave it to see and we do not find it and another one of the evidence that we start to notice in this area is that the use of mojones small accumulation of stones of one or two or a little more would be associated with channels when we were taking these mojones which are very easy to see oh, it did not arrive well in the area of the major slope these mojones associated with agriculture we have this type of channels with higher walls I'm going to go faster now I'm going to go faster because I'm missing a lot well we are going to make a quick description of this network that the southern network what we see is the points we have seen in the field and what is drawn in line is what we have interpreted through the satellite images and what we saw was two big differences in the major sectors in the hills where they decided to pass the water and on the other side the channels have a larger version of work and they are where these types of channels appear with walls or these higher walls to handle the curves or the major slope on the other hand in the area of the slope of the valley the channel is just here these are excavated channels without any major elaboration also this technology has had a failure it has not been perfect and we can see for example here that the water has been lost also based on the analysis of the super positions we can interpret that possibly this network has been developed then they had a problem they lost the water and if they solved it, we are not seeing it but there is a later development of another network network 4 the blue one the design is a distinct design quite rectangular where the parcels are planted through channels it is very similar to one of the broken of the Antofascia region where the technology of this sector its greatest expansion has been in the 1600s at the level of record evidence has been very low the evidence that we found and the only thing we have found was a paralytic the paralytic in the region is only associated with the formative in the afternoon we do not find sticks we do not know if this has been formative or not, it is something that we still cannot answer it is very risky to say something in the RM3 network is a rather complex network because it has a lot of erosive processes both ebolic and hydric and even in the field it is very difficult to see in satellite images the same but what interests us is that part of this network that we really believe that there are several sub-ranges one of them has a interquencher design that means that it is a network that is taking water from two rivers at the same time this is not something very common in the northeast Argentina and what we can clearly see is that this channel that would be being fed with the drinking of water of Mirigwaka then it is intercepted by another channel that is being taken by the pittas what we believe by a question of the interception between the channels is that with the river of Mirigwaka at some point they decided to increase the volume of water since the work designs are usually interpreted as the need to increase the volume of water to be able to water and they took the water I go faster here is the evidence of the channel that if you see it there it is very low visibility part of the channel they are limited by stones as always in elevated areas the design of the channel is much more that is, there is a more or a more inverted work I get it well as I said there are very few cases of work design there are a few registered for the north of Chile work of this style I know that in the central years there are others but of this style for what is the south there are in Chile and in the Puna Jusgeña well as I said what we see here in reality is that possibly it is not a single network if it is not several its networks because we see some difference in this sector we are going to find this type of structure that are circular structures of small stones that have been registered in Antofaya Antoro and Núñez they mention in their work a type of structure similar to this but as there is no photo we can not know if that description really coincides with this type of structure in this sector the type of structure is totally different they are more expeditive, small resins that are associated with refuge functions and the parcels are also different in this sector they are open delimited parcels we are identifying with the mojones these brown dots are the mojones the amount that we have seen in the field on the other hand here in this sector there are borders there are two totally different parcels even in this parcel in this sector there is also what is called monoliths that would be marking entries or certain particular spaces I can not this type of design is very similar to under Coipar we had said that the need to increase the water could also be associated with the environmental for the later where there is a shortage of water there is a decrease in water and we make the hypotheses I can not what we can think is if this has been of use at the same time or in reality are of different moments and have been reactivated reactivation is something very common in these sectors the smallest is this that is RM2 that is also associated with borders and let's go and we believe that it is very similar to the ones under Coipar that could also have a chronology late and this is the most important rule that I want to reach that I have 5 minutes to do well, it arrived this network is interesting because we found a repress a small sector where the water was accumulating which is the point this Celeste here this network also has some similarities with the previous networks that I started to mention for example, it has the use of borders I mean, the parcels were limited by borders there is something that we still cannot understand is why they make these long channels without a risk objective because they are channels that we have not yet seen that they risk but we believe that it can also be a problem some of them we could see both in the field and in satellite images that if there are limited fields that if there are borders but they are very erosional but what we could see is that they really travel 3-4 km and they swim in that sector along that route they are not using the water to swim in the middle that is that question why do they choose punctual places in the landscape that's it in this one we could see there are also monoliths very similar to RM3 they are also associated to the network two structures we dug this type of structures with this type of angle on the walls are typical of late sites of the region and by digging we could we could see that there was material I mean, there is no material neither on the surface nor digging but if there is evidence of agricultural activity we found a mortar and the site was also prepared with clay floors the main mine has modifications there were different objective of risk therefore it has been modified and one of those modifications is what leads the water to the dam the dam is something interesting that is not in the beginning of the network generally the current dams that are very few are at the beginning of the network this is in the middle and after that there is a large amount of crop fields on the edge so what we interpreted was that they were accumulating water to be able to recover the caudal and to extend again well I'm going to die in the middle I'm going to die the dam is a very simple dam it has an accumulation I mean, some edges small lines of land measure between 38 and 29 and we calculated that approximately minimum could be storage 370 cubic meters of water that's how we found it and if you can see here is the land mount that would be acting as a terraplain to contain the water a duct and what would be the bottom specifically they are taking advantage of the same slopes of the place the dam does not have a construction we thought it could have a construction technique it is simply an accumulation of land sediments when it approaches the avocados appear in these slopes in a perpendicular shape but there is no clear idea if they are on purpose or if they are just there the duct that comes out if it has more elaboration there are many stones that will be in two sectors what would be the duct that would be looking inside the dam has some logical walls because what we believe is that the duct can contain the water but on the outside the duct on the outside does not have those walls those roofs but what we see is that there are large blocks of rock that would be here to stop the water and deviate it to this sector and we also see this type when we did an analysis of the slopes of this duct we could see that the avocados are higher and in this sector which would be the sector where the channel would come out it goes up again so what we interpret is that these blocks would be stopping we even see a change in the sediments in this sector down here we are seeing thicker sand and in this sector here we are seeing much finer sand we could even see stratified sand and water it would be a camera that stops the water so that it is not so erosive when the channel comes out and it does not erosive the channel well, I continue it is really very simple and here what I want to show is how the slope has how they handle the slope and that changes the slope but it is not something perfect and it seems to be that the height was not correct, they simply put a little stone it was not something that was discarded it is not like the link that has that perfection here is another case where to level the rocks a little stone that level we decide I will stop for a minute of the transect that we had done of the excavation that we had done in this sector what was the sediment that was also in front of the exit duct show them and do an analysis of the sediment we also decided to take a sample well associated with the mouth and what we could see is that the profile could move three horizons one presented stratification and I want to clarify this horizon it was just at the height of where the mouth was then all these horizons the 2 and the 3 are above the mouth what we interpreted was that this would be giving us information about the use and this is the part of when it is abandoned and the decay is covered the sedimentary analysis saw that everything that is the red dots I will not mention these profiles they are sanded sanded but the sediment that comes very direct from the mouth is franco-arcy when we did the filtration tests it was something coherent because the basic filtration is stabilized at 30 minutes something important because we thought that when the soil was so sanded it was going to take a long time to saturate to start accumulating water in this case we were surprised there it is through this we wanted to say the use model we had said that this stratification was associated with the depth of the mouth so we said take samples and analyze them as always when one raises expectations the data does not give they gave me the opposite we were going to analyze the part of the floor that sample that is well associated directly to the mouth is giving me a concentration of water, an important water body associated mainly to a niche that we still cannot identify the species that we believe can be endemic of the place and afragilaria asia which is a family where we put several genres which are typical ventons both the niche and the fragility of accumulating a strong column of water so that it can be developed in a venton then the samples that come from this witness which was the one right in front of the mouth did not give nothing, they gave everything the opposite there is a drop in the amount of diatomies I am very low in the density of diatomies and of the few that I have the ones that are abundant are going to be diatomies such as cataractarum diatomies, aerofilas, diatomies that can withstand periods of aridity live out of water body and survive only with the same humidity of the sediments so we interpret that it would be a moment where it would not be in use of that repress but well the samples that we believed that would be associated with the abandonment were all the opposite we see again the sample that is above the mouth that again our 3 is this again there is an increase in amount of diatomies very similar to the floor because they are going to be the same dominant the fragility of the nisquia sp1 what we interpret that there is again an accumulation of water but already for a logic of operation it would not be associated with the decay because the mouth could not be used simply there is accumulated water and this leads us that it can be associated in these moments that the repress was in use but it was not central to the operation of the network, possibly it was decided at some point perhaps to irrigate the northern fields and let the water run or accumulate the water and there are here some fuga channels that we had interpreted that were actually channels that when it was filled a lot out there came out the water to not break the terraplem this we are seeing that we do not have the data we are doing analysis of FITOLITO to see if in reality here there is no question that there is a special crop and that is why they are watering in this place but it is an accumulation of important water for there to be crops but hey, it does not complicate what it means that the abandon of the repress did not mean the abandon of the network then come in these samples where it begins to turn let's say where they begin to decrease the amount of diatoms in the samples and they begin to increase the aerophilic diatoms again until we get to the present where there is a very low very low concentration of diatoms I think I'm getting there the chronology again has a very similar design below that of the board it has a lot of similarities with the RM3 for example, taking advantage of the slopes associated with the hills the use of monolith is something very important here I want to make a parenthesis because although we still do not know there is a late site and below that is just near the bottom of Coipar where we also find the same type of monolith but that is something that in the last campaign was that we saw it having relations and of the little ceramic really we do not have material on the surface to generate chronology the little ceramic that we have found these are stilovelen fragments which are fragments associated after the 950 of our era they are late fragments and we believe that possibly this is associated to a network used during this chronology now well then we are having this is the front of everything here we would have the network of the repress here it would be developing the network of traspasé here in this sector would be the network the first one we saw of blue color then we are seeing that areas of sértics like this where one would consider that there could not be field of crops actually they are managing the water of the waters creating in summary this methodology allowed us not only to identify more more evidence of the management of water but also to complicate that management of water at the same time the observation scale this methodology of having a different observation scale allowed us to see I forgot the word super positions that allow us to give a temporality to what we find today in a way as if it were a photo to that photo we were seeing a temporality of different complexities different decisions throughout their use the chronology is the most limited we have but it is a typical problem of this type of evidence unlike other networks in the material in the surface we do not have much material in the surface we do not understand why that is another question that we are doing but well with the little we have been able to go joining we can generate some hypotheses but do not stop being hypotheses there is a very finished knowledge management of water with very simple techniques very limited not so elaborate to face certain conditions certain limitations such as geomorphological and climatic limitations one of the reasons for which it has been said that this sector was a sector where it was not cultivated because of the geomorphological limitations the bottom of Coipar does not have these limitations it is in a zone with a wide open river these rivers are very crowded we could see that it is not so that the decisions of the agro-pastolid societies of this region decided to plan certain types of strategies with very simple technologies that allow to overcome these limitations that is a clear sample of what is the use of work design or how the use of repression that allows to guarantee the water for the moment in summary this does not allow to generate agricultural oases where we believe that they are not possible to develop also makes us rethink the role of these sectors as I had told you in this region where I study the agricultural models they had limited many of these sectors for agricultural development and we are seeing that it is not so also makes us rethink the role of agriculture within the economy it has always been seen as a region where mainly the major activity is agro-pastolid and finally it is to rethink the potential of these deserts for productive development it is a little to break with our western views where when we go to a desert we believe that it is a desert that is totally something infertile and actually inside the desert there is a high fertility well finally this is the vision of the channels that at night they look better than day but we still do not know how to get at night without destroying it with the car I want to thank the institute for giving me this opportunity it would be totally impossible to have arrived here and present these data for us something very important to be able to show the type of archeology we are doing so thank you very much all for the speed so they tried to destroy the use of fertilizers fertilizers I am also not going to say much actually we have two environmental moments that is why I was telling you that conception that Antofabaste de la Sierra is not a humid environment but actually we see that there are two moments there is a moment that it was humid and the moment that it was not humid is where we have the biggest agricultural development that is in the late moment that is independent of this issue these climatic conditions are still being used and with the issue of fertilizers there are some current studies of the use of the same fertilizers of the flame there are two ways one is directly they cultivate let the earth rest there they close the flames during that moment they take out the flames and cultivate that was one and the other is actually putting the fertilizer on top of where it rains and pass the water through that fertilizer that was studied at an ethnographic level and they have done analysis of how this would be influencing the enrichment of isotopes, but to see more paleozoic topics we have not been able to see in these prehispanic farming fields if they have been used in the same techniques that we only know of the current issue what we do know is that under COIPAR they have done studies and they have shown that they are not agotated lands and even today they are still being used there is a lot of re-use of the same farming fields in the same place I do not know if you answer a little Yes, I do and you can see evidence of how beautiful but I do not know any studies diatoms that can be shown with isotopes that have been used no, with diatoms diatoms could be associated but if they are actually water bodies that is water bodies with a lot of nutrients we could see them but actually the diatoms that are coming from the same river are quite agotrophic yes, there are some diatoms that are associated with the nitrogen fixation that is the water bodies that we have but we have not seen them, at least in the repress we have not seen them with a lot of agundance I even took them out because they surpassed us in 3% but we are still doing study of feets we started this year in this last campaign we took samples for the feets we will see if on that side we will see more of the use of the earth than of the water yes Have you found any indication of any way of finding that there were large flows due to snow constantly? how? no no, in these sectors we have not yet done chemical studies to see the problem of salinization under COIPAR under COIPAR it is a place that has been studying for more than 20 years and there were chemical studies and it was seen that the use of flows avoided salinization that is, salinization was a matter of filtration the ascension of the salts capillary was concentrated more on the flows where it was growing, which helps to control salinization in these sectors we believe especially in the places where they are using flows but we still do not know that with the issue of salinization we do have in the river that for the moment of arides, which is 1600 meters ahead there are times of great torrential rains typical of an arid event what is characterized in these areas is that there are growths of the river but they are not affecting these networks because they are 20 meters above the level of water of these growths not yet in the field of cultivation but there are studies among other places archeologists immediately associate this with mortars and lithium tools and what they appear are the typical species of the region which are quinoa amaranth, corn there is also a potato use but we do not know if all that is coming from these fields of cultivation yes, under Coypar there is a place called Quebrada Petra where many marlos have been found even 8 different species of corn that would be associated to the fields of cultivation under Coypar not yet here thank you very much unfortunately we ran out of time let's congratulate you