 الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وشدوى الله إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل وشدوى أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعل إن شاء الله تعالى we're going to carry on المدخل إلى علوم القرآن الكريم the introduction that we were doing to the science of Quran إلى علوم القرآن so we were doing المدخل إلى علوم القرآن الكريم an introduction to the science of the Quran today we mentioned last first week four weeks ago we spoke about the علوم القرآن is the science of the Quran that's what we said we said علوم القرآن and we said many things fall under that we said many things fall under it one of the things that fall under the علوم القرآن is اسباب النزول اسباب النزول means the reason of revelation اسباب is reason and نزول is revelation is it it's R-A right or R-E R-E-V I was right the first time is it like that so revelation reason of revelation اسباب is the singular is سبب and اسباب is the plural the scholars they gave importance to this subject we'll speak about why but the scholars they gave a lot of importance to the discussion of this science اسباب النزول if you look at the self they either authored particular books on it just this topic alone and some what they did was they mentioned it in their books of علوم القرآن for example the scholars that wrote on it is عليم المديني who is the sheikh of who عليم المديني he is the teacher of who he is the teacher of عليم المديني and عليم المديني is the man that Bukhari said I never belittled myself in the presence of anybody in the presence of عليم المديني I felt small when I sat in front of him because of his knowledge and his understanding imagine Bukhari saying that to somebody are you with me brothers Bukhari was one person who all of his teachers they feared him when he came into the classroom his teachers were scared when he came into the classroom they were scared to do mistakes and some of them when Bukhari would walk in and they would see him they would open their notes and they would not read from their memory they would stop because he used to do استدراكات and تعكيبات on the teachers he would correct them to sheikh you know this is what's wrong some of them he took them back to there they took them back to their reference points he goes go look at your notes they went and they saw it they were like you're right we're wrong and they said that he did not reach the age of 10 he was 8 and 9 at this time رحمه الله him saying that I was scared of عليم المديني when I walked in I was small in his presence so he's a great Imam right he's a great Imam عليم المديني wrote a book on اسباب المزول there's reasons of revelation this shows you how serious the topic is also عليمام الواحدي عليمام عليمام الواحدي رحمه الله he has a book on اسباب المزول he wrote a book on it it's also present and it's عليمام ابن حجر عليمام ابن حجر he wrote a book on it عليمام زر كشي عليمام زر كشي عليمام السيوطي even at this time عليمام ابن مقبل عليمام مقبل عليمام مقبل ابن حادي عليمام مقبل رحمه الله he also wrote a book on اسباب المزول so scholars gave the time this topic of reason of the Quran and why and how in what context did this come down so we have these scholars عليمام الواحدي عليمام Ini عليمام الواحدي عليمام ابن حجر عل觉得alf عليمام زر كشي عليمام السيوطي عليمام مقبل cars these scholars are all written ويخبرونها بسبب الحقيقة أنهم رأيتها بشكل مهم هل أنت معي أخي؟ الآن سوف أتحدث عن الثلاثة موضوعية تطبيق الثلاثة من أسباب النزول تطبيق الثلاثة من what؟ سوف أتحدث عن القرآن من حيثه أسباب النزول قسمان القرآن في حالة أسباب النزول هناك القرآن في حالة حيثه أسباب النزول القرآن في حالة حيثه أسباب النزول يقومون بخلاله إلى دفعه قسمان نمو 1 لذا عندما نرى القرآن في حالة حيثه أسباب النزول مالي سلوصبه لدينا أسباب النزول ذلك لا يوجد any reason لا يوجد any reason for revelation يأتي قرآن ولكن لا يوجد any reason behind it فزن أن نعرف الملخة الثالثة جهة سبب مالي مالي سبب يعني فأذ الذي يجب أن يأتي بسبب أنه يأتي حسنا فأذ الذي يجب أن يأتي بسبب بسبب أنه يأتي ماذا سبب النزول حيث يعني؟ سأخبر أسباب النزول ماذا سبب النزول يعني؟ أسباب النزول يعني ما نزل that which came down يعني ما نزل that which came down من القرآن من القرآن أي شيء يأتي في القرآن ماذا ثم تنتهي? أمّا ما نزل القرآن بشأنه أي شيء يأتي بشأنه قرآن وقد فعله وقته وقعي يعني ما نزل أي شيء يأتي من القرآن عندما بحده في حلول هذا ، إنه مانزل القرآن الذي قد يساعد when it happened كما نعلم هذا القرآن يساعد كل problem there is there is not a problem that we have except the Quran has a solution for it and there is not an issue that we need guidance in except the Quran guides us إن هذا القرآن يهدي للتي هي أقوى هذا القرآن ستساعدنا إلى أفضل الأفضل سبب النزول ماذا ستساعد النزول أي حالة التي نحن ستساعدنا إلى أفضل لذلك دعني أتكلم what I just said أتكلم أحد هذه الأسباب النزول is a very important science الأسباب النزول who are the scholars that have written it عالي بن المدين رحمه الله الإمام الواحد رحمه الله الإمام بن حجر العسقلاني رحمه الله الإمام زركش رحمه الله الإمام جلال الدين الصيوط رحمه الله الإمام مقبل من هادي الوادع رحمه الله these scholars they went out of the way and they wrote books in this field and what is this show the seriousness of it and how important it is we spoke about that the second point that I spoke about is when we look at the Quran when we read the Quran in terms of سبب النزول it's two types ماله سبب that which has no reason or we don't know the reason for it okay and the second one is ماله سبب that which has a reason why it came down which we know are you with me brothers I mentioned that then I said what does سبب النزول mean what is the meaning of a سبب النزول سبب النزول is whatever comes down okay whatever comes down at a particular time due to an event okay due to an event now we're going to move on to examples of سبب النزول examples of what examples of سبب النزول the first example is غزوة بدر the battle of what the battle of بدر the battle of بدر صعابة رسول الله عليه السلام they were little in number the scholars they say they were 313 up to 319 that's the view that's how much the companions were okay and they're fighting an army of a thousand okay pay attention the صعابة they win this battle even though they are little in number الله says الله gave you victory in this battle even though you are little the صعابة they killed 70 in the battlefield and they took 70 as spoils of war okay now when the companions came to the city of Medina they have two things in their hands okay they have what two things what is the two things that they have from the battle of بدر the spoils of war the money, the clothing the horses that they took they got the أسراء and they also have the captives so الغنائم are the spoils of war and the أسراء are the captives the 70 that they took now the صعابة don't know what to do with it what do we do with these captives what do we do with the spoils of war الله سبحانه وتعالى he gave them an answer for both of those as for the issue of the غنائم الله تبارك وتعالى يسد وعلموا أن مغنيمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسولي وللد القربة وليتامة الله يخبرونهم how to distribute it good okay what about the أسراء the captives that we have الله تبارك وتعالى he told them what to do with the captives that they have he said ما كان لنبي أن يكون له أسراء حتى يثخنا في الأرض تريدون عرض الدنيا والله يريدوا الأخرى الله سبحانه وتعالى he killed each and every one of them they follow the 70 that were killed in the battles they take the same ruling are you with me brothers so a ruling came pertaining to both of them a حكم came regarding what both of them this has a suburb so if we read that ayah we know the suburb of Muzum the reason why it came down was what the reason why it came down is in correlation to what the event was does that make sense brothers am I making sense very good another example is صورة المجادلة صورة المجادلة صورة المجادلة we mentioned the story of خولة بنتة علبة her and her husband أو سبن صامت خولة بنتة علبة was a woman who was married to أو سبن صامت and her husband أو سبن صامت أو سبن صامت and said to her أنت عليك ضحر أمي you are like my mother's back meaning the way I wouldn't desire my mother and I wouldn't want to do anything with my mother you are like that to me this in the sharia is called دهار it's different from طلاق it's called دهار after a while أو سبن صامت anger went he came to who he came back to his wife خولة بنتة علبة and she said get away from me والله here I'm going to take this issue صلى الله عليه وسلم so she ran and she went to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and she informed him of what happened and then came down قد سمع الله قولة التي تجاديلك في زوجها صورة المجادلة came صورة المجادلة it came so we now know that سبب نزول of this sura the beginning is what it's regarding the story of خولة بنتة علبة and her husband أوس ابن صامت رضي الله تعالى عن هم صورة التحريم the beginning صورة التحريم the beginning يا يو النبي لما تحرمه ما أحل الله لك صورة التحريم وعايز يقول تحريم the story the scholars mentioned is that the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he used to he used to go past the house of who his wife ماريا he would go to her house and the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم she used to have honey he loved it so he would go by her even if it wasn't her night that day he would go by to get the honey and to eat the honey على كل حال عائشة and Hafsa were not pleased they didn't like what was happening because they're the wives of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم as well they can see their day their day the prophet goes by her to eat honey and the prophet was a very clean individual so some of the narrations mentioned Hafsa عائشة said the day when he comes to me I will inform him that the odor and the smell that comes from his mouth is not nice and Hafsa you do the same so when the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم came عائشة said I don't like the smell that comes from your mouth and the messenger I don't even know he was very clean cleanliness was so when she said it he took him back and then Hafsa said it twice he made a decision he's not going to have the honey he said I'm not going to have this honey it's haram from me so when he stopped عائشة صلى الله عليه وسلم الله سبحانه وتعالى he said that down the story صورة صورة التحريم are we all together brothers الله is saying to him يا يون نبي you own prophet of Allah لم تحرم ما حال الله لك تبتغي مرضات عزواجه why are you doing this to please your wives something Allah made حلال for you are you with me this is something Allah permitted for you and you're making haram on yourself so you can please them are you with me brothers imagine the one who makes حلال that which is haram to please others are you with me brothers the messenger doesn't want to do something now that is حلال for him he left it to please his wives imagine the one who makes حلال that which is haram to please what to please others around him be careful and then these are examples of سبب النزول the reason why it came down we're now going to go into the forms of سبب النزول صورة اسباب النزول okay we're going to go into the صور the forms of اسباب النزول the اسباب النزول has two forms اسباب النزول it has two forms in two ways it comes the first one is the first one is an event happens okay a particular event takes place something happens the first one is an event happens and then what when it happens an ayah comes down in response to this particular event and the examples for that was all of this I gave you are you with me the issue of خولب خولب انت تعالب and her husband اسباب النزول it happened and then ayah came down the battle of better happened and then the ayah came down are you with me brothers the story of حفصة and ayah regarding the mess in the s.a.p happened are you with me brothers and then the surah came down that's the first one the issue happens the incident takes place and then the surah comes down regarding it the second one is the messenger is asked a question he is asked a question فتوة are you with me ولذلك العلام ابن القيم هذا كتابه are you with me are you there brothers are you with me ابن القيم has a كتابه this book is big within there there's a chapter where he brings the fatwa of the messenger s.a.p the prophet's verdict where he's asked questions and he answers them are you with me brothers we always hear the fatwa of the scholars right العلام ابن القيم he gathered all of the time somebody came to the messenger and asked the messenger a question and he answered it he put them together رحمه الله that's we're not talking about hadith now we're talking about ayat all the ayats you read in the Quran يسألونك they are asking you يسألونك they are asking you these are also أسباب نزول because they are regarding a question that was put to him are you with me brothers and sisters I hope you're on the same page with me the second type is جواب لسؤال نوجه إلي it's an answer to a question that was put to him صلى الله عليه وسلم does that make sense now we're going to move on to the next point which is which is الطريقة الموصلة the way to know أسباب نزول الطريقة الموصلة إلى معرفة أسباب نزول how could we know by looking at the narrations and everything how could we say okay this is a سباب نزول this is the reason of descending this is the reason why it came down how could we know الطريقة to the way to knowing the way to know أسباب نزول how to know the أسباب نزول again أسباب نزول لا مجالة للرأي فيه it's not based on opinions and it's not based upon independent reasoning that the scholar uses his brains No أسباب نزول is known through text it's known through what textually there's no HD had that and the scholar is striving hard and somebody thinking you know this can seem to be like this No it's not HD had what is it based on it's based upon الرواية صحيحة okay all of the سباب نزول they are pay attention you will never find a سباب نزول that's attributed to the prophet the messenger will never say this is why it came down never cross that out eliminate that the only way that سباب نزول is known is through the companions are you ready to say the companions are you with me we'll come to the تابعين the way that we know سباب نزول is through who the companions because it's it's a logical absurdity for the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم to say to his companions come here these spoils of war and these captives that we have the سباب نزول is this ayah they can see when the ayah comes down and the issue that was outstanding and the problem that they had they could see the relation between it already that the ayah came down in response to this issue are you with me brothers so the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم wouldn't say to them this is a سباب نزول he wouldn't say that to them because they are present and they can see it are you with me brothers so الطريقة the way to reach to knowing سباب نزول so الطريقة is a way الموصلة is to reach in knowing the سباب نزول in knowing the what سباب and نزول so the صحابes are are the ones who we know the سباب نزول through them okay the صحابes و لذلك when a sahabi says that this came down on this particular issue or this ayah came down when this incident was outstanding all of these are considered to be from what سباب نزول okay it's all considered to be from what سباب نزول and the scholars they they take that into consideration like if a sahabi does that what ruling does it take it takes as though the prophet said it in weight wise it takes that it's the way you deal with it is the way you deal with a hadith which is مرفوع meaning you deal with it the way you deal with the statement of a prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم does that make sense because the sahabes were not liars and they told you that this came down on this issue this now the scholars they say it's called مو قوف لفضن مر فور حكمن it's مو قوف لفضن the wording is attributed to the companions so wording of the companion مرفوع الحكمن means ruling wise so ruling wise it's like the prophet said it okay ruling wise like the prophet said it حديث مرفوع is whatever the prophet says does do صح so if the sahabi does something like he says something like this he says the سب المزول for this eye is this we say the sahabi said it but we give it the ruling we give it the what we give it the ruling of مرفوع are you the brothers am I making sense here so we can't just dismiss it because the companions said it you know it's حكم مرفوع now does that make sense the question here is another way that we can affirm سب المزول it's the second way is it's a تابعي the second way is what have you guys written this yeah it's a تابعي the second way it's a تابعي a تابعي is what the student of the companions we will take سب المزول from a تابعي the scholars they really discuss حكم الرواية تتابعي في أسباب المزول what is the ruling of a تابعي if he tries to submit to us سب المزول what's the ruling the strongest إن شاء الله تعالى it's that it's accepted with the following conditions if a تابعي transmits for us the information pertaining to a سب المزول will accept it with the following conditions number one the first condition for the تابعي is أن تكون العبارة صريحة that the wording that the تابعي is using it has to be clear it has to be clear for example he has to say هذه الآية to كده وكده وكده this verse is regarding this this this this has to be clear are you with me brothers we'll accept it that's the first condition that the way he tells us it has to be clear that he's talking about سب المزول and تكون العبارة صريحة في السببية it has to be clear it can't be like does he really mean that no I don't think he means that the reason why because some of the sometimes the companion might explain something on his own opinion are you with me brothers we don't want that we want it to be clear that he's talking about the reason of revelation number two number two is أن يكون الإسناد وصحيحة أن يكون الإسناد وصحيحة that the chain to this تابعي is authentic okay of course it's the same for the companion as well that this you're attributing to the تابعي it has to be authentic it has to be what? authentic it can't be weak number three أن يعبو دا بتا بعي اخر the third one is أن يعبو دا he is aib by another تابعي he has to be helped by and supported in this statement of his by another تابعي meaning another تابعي is also saying the same okay أن راب عنه and the fourth one is أن يكون التابعي من أيمة التفسير and the last one in شاء الله is he has to be from the أيمة التابعي أيمة التفسير he has to be a تابعي who is known to be from the scholars of تفسير and to be from the scholars of تفسير it means that he is taken from the other companions when we say أيمة التفسير meaning he took from other companions like مجاهد بالجبر طاوس بالكيسان أبو عالية الرياحي عكريمة سعيد بالجوير and others these are أئمة التفسير are you with me these are what they are أئمة التفسير because they took the تفسير from the صحابي with these four conditions with these four conditions with these four conditions also we'll accept the تابعي we'll accept the what تابعي is transmission of reason من أيمة التفسير yeah this one أن يعبده بتابعي الآخر أن يعبده I just want to mention the last point before we go for the mock exam yeah you guys excited yeah some of you guys smile اللهم لاريك that's the spirit keep it up why what's the benefit what's the benefit of learning all of this what benefit the سبب نزول حف and I'm going to conclude at that point إن شاء الله فاوائد the benefit what benefit does a person gain from learning سبب نزول the first one is بيان الحكمة you will learn the wisdom the wisdom of the legislation the wisdom behind it and how the شريع is observing the مصالحة المفاسد that the sharia is observing the benefit and the harms by studying سبب نزول you start to learn the wisdom in how the legislation works are you with me brothers إن شاء الله will become clear in the next points the second one is يوعينو it aids you على it aids you and supports you على فهم المراد in understanding the intent behind the verse are you with me brothers is example there were some companions who like the companion أثمانيبن مضعون they went into a house and they started to drink alcohol this was the time of أثمانيبن عفان are you with me brothers and so when they sat down and they drank alcohol أمر heard about it he was like how is that possible so أمر رضي العان وانت he sat with them he said hey he said bring them to me they were brought to him he said why are you drinking the alcohol for they said it's in the Quran that we can he said hey where is the father read it so they recited on him the ayah ليس على الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحاتي جناح فيما طعموا إذا متقوا it is not upon those who believe in Allah who come with piety it doesn't matter what they eat after they've come with that أسن آية في كتاب الله عثما sorry عمر solved the issue by saying no سببن مزول he ran back to the سببن مزول he said why he said this ayah came down regarding a people who used to drink alcohol with us who died before the prohibition came and the severe punishments came and then we asked the messenger he said our messenger of Allah our brothers used to drink alcohol with us who were drinking it and they died before the prohibition where are they this ayah came down are you with me brothers this ayah came down saying your brothers who died before the prohibition who came with the belief of Allah and the day of judgment and who were pious it doesn't matter what they ate does that make sense so what did he use to explain to explain سبن مزول إذا سببن مزول يوعينوا على فهم المرات it gives you an understanding of what of verses there are many examples we could give but we are not going to give now but that's one of the examples that scholars bring the third benefit that it gives is that you gain from it is تيسير الحفظ سير الحفظ it will help you with memorization when you know a verse where it came down on a story behind it what does it do for your brothers like for example I remember when I studied صورة التحريم and my dad told me the story it stuck with me so whenever I read صورة التحريم because I know the story and how it went it was easy for me to what to keep the memorizing understanding are you with me brothers so when you as a parent are making your children memorize the Quran it's always beneficial here and there sometimes to tell them the سبب ونزول of the ayah or what the ayah means because it will stick with the child and you will remember that story and so I remember I used to tell that story to everybody I meet if I was in a little gathering and with young kids I would always say can I tell you guys the story of صورة التحريم because I know you knew that so it helps memorization of the صورة and it also aids with what it also aids with the understanding as well that's the most important points that we need to know regarding the issue of سبب ونزول anything which I have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shaytan and Allah's message are free from it سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشدو الله إلا إله إلا الله أستغفرك واتوب إلي so insha'Allah تعالى now we're going to start the mock exam it's going to be given out to everyone and it's a very easy mock exam insha'Allah تعالى it's nothing hard and then we can discuss the answers and you can ask me the questions once you finish insha'Allah تعالى I'm more than happy to discuss it with you بإذن الله الكلام go ahead موقوف ودارة موقف I did a mistake ya سبحان الله فضل say sorry can you repeat the question this is دس حديد but not because تابع أسلن he wasn't there for the event so his statement is talking about what he wasn't there for if he is hearing from a companion he's not going to state the companion here is him saying that this verse came down on this oh no no no all this is without him saying it we're talking about him independently saying that this I came down on this issue if he says a companion then it's a companion issue it takes us to the first one beautiful it's true you're right so this is the issue now this can you have more than one of course and can I come down more than once yes yes I can so this is we didn't go too much into the issue of some because the whole point is it's just a this introduction but there are more signs it can come down on many events that were all happening at the same time they all need an answer when Aya comes down and he answers all of them