 The study evaluates the environmental impacts of aquaculture in Indonesia using life cycle assessment, LCA, and identifies six interventions that could reduce global warming, acidification, eutrophication, land occupation, freshwater use, and fossil energy use per unit of fish. If all six interventions are implemented, global warming, acidification, eutrophication, land occupation, freshwater use, and fossil energy use could be reduced by between 28% and 49%. However, the study suggests that production cannot double within the current environmental footprint to meet government growth targets. The study also explores possible geographical areas where aquaculture expansions may conflict with ecological hotspots and advocates for more conservative production targets and investment in sustainable farming practices. This article was authored by Patrick John Gustav Henriksen, Lauren K Banks, Sharon K Sui, and others.